Mature Age Research Articles

ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ФІЗИЧНОЇ ТЕРАПІЇ ДЛЯ КОРЕКЦІЇ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИХ ПОРУШЕНЬ СЕРЦЕВО-СУДИННОЇ СИСТЕМИ ПРИ НЕЙРОЦИРКУЛЯТОРНІЙ ДИСТОНІЇ

In recent years, a number of works have appeared devoted to the study of the problem of neurocirculatory dystonia, the causes of its occurrence and development, and the characteristics of its diagnostic methods. However, the issues of the use of physical therapy in the rehabilitation treatment and prevention of neurocirculatory dystonia remain insufficiently studied. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to study of the influence of physical therapy on the functional state of the cardiovascular system of women of mature age with neurocirculatory dystonia. Research methods. 23 women took part in the study. We divided all women into control (11 people) and main (12 people) groups. The average age of the patients was 31.5 years. The diagnosis was neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypotonic type. Results and conclusions. The most common complaints of patients were headache, pain in the heart and abdomen, weakness, fatigue, increased respiratory rate. The physical therapy program for women with neurocirculatory dystonia included therapeutic physical culture, massage, and physiotherapy procedures. After 12 weeks of training, patients in both groups recorded an improvement in the cardiovascular system. Thus, the average heart rate in patients in the control group decreased by 13.3%, and in the main group – by 17.7%; the average systolic blood pressure in the control group increased by 4.5%, and in patients in the main group – by 8.9%; the average diastolic blood pressure in the main group increased by 1.5%, and in the main group – by 5.3%. The program we developed was more effective because the percentage changes in heart rate and blood pressure were higher in the patients in the main group. The 12-week sessions also contributed to the improvement of the autonomic nervous system in the subjects.

Age estimation using mandibular third molars in Chilean individuals

The aim of this study was to determine differences in maturation stages of the mandibular third molars (MTM) of Chilean individuals by age, sex, and side. The maturation stage of 930 lower third molar teeth were analysed, in patients aged between 9 and 24 years (432 males and 498 females), by panoramic radiography. The stage of maturity of the MTM was classified from A to H, following the method established by Demirjian. Multinomial logistic regression was performed for maturation stage by age. The lowest age of complete maturity of the MTM was 16 years in both sexes (Stage H). The correlation between maturation stage and sex was significant, positive, and high for both sexes, in both tooth 48 and tooth 38, showing that increasing age and maturation stage are correlated. In both males and females, maturation Stage H of the MTM was associated with the age of 18 years. The fit of the model was significant, showing that it has a greater predictive power than the null model. Nagelkerke’s pseudo R2 explained 73.5% of the variations of the model. In the contemporary Chilean population, if the maturity of the MTM is at a stage prior to complete calcification of the crown (Stage D), it is very unlikely that the individual is aged 18 years or over. It is highly probable that a Chilean individual with complete root formation of the MTM is legally of age, regardless of side or sex.

Model of effectiveness of physical education and health-improving aquafitness classes with women of the first period of mature age

The peculiarities of adaptation of individuals of different morphological types to physical education and health classes have been studied fragmentarily – by individual types of motor activity and in individual age groups. Taking into account morpho- functional features when conducting physical education and health classes will ensure the implementation of the principle of individualization of physical activity. The purpose of the study is to develop a model of the effectiveness of of physical education and health-improving aquafitness classes based on data on the adaptation characteristics of women in the first period of mature age of different somatotypes. The study involved women aged 25-35 who had no experience in sports. It has been established that representatives of different morphological types have significant differences in the dynamics of indicators of physical development and functional fitness under the influence of aquafitness classes. Adaptive changes in representatives of endomorphic and endomorphic-mesomorphic somatotypes are more pronounced than in representatives of ectomorphic and balanced somatotypes. The developed efficiency model demonstrates the peculiarities of adaptation of women of the first period of mature age of different morphological types to aquafitness classes. This model is advisable to use when programming aquafitness classes in order to differentiate loads depending on morpho-functional features. This approach will allow taking into account the individual characteristics of women in their first period of mature age when conducting such classes, which will increase their effectiveness.

Skeletal Maturity Might Not Be a Factor in Optimizing Outcomes in Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Introduction Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is rarely indicated in the skeletally immature population. In these instances, there is concern for implant survival compared to the traditional older population. There has been a steady rise in the use of THA in the pediatric population due to improvements in surgical techniques. While the outcomes in THA for skeletally immature patients have been described in the literature, there are no population studies looking at this procedure in a skeletally immature individual. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare 10-year implant survivability following primary THA in skeletally mature versus skeletally immature patients. Methods Patients who underwent primary THA were identified using a large national database (PearlDiver). THA patients were then divided into presumed skeletally immature male patients (0-16 years), presumed skeletally mature male patients (17-21 years), presumed skeletally immature females (0-14 years), and presumed skeletally mature females (15-21 years). Multivariable analysis was conducted using Cox proportional hazards modeling to determine differences in the risk of revision for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), mechanical loosening, dislocation/instability, and periprosthetic fracture (PPF). Results In total, 352 male patients (244 skeletally mature and 108 skeletally immature) and 409 female patients (350 skeletally mature and 59 skeletally immature) were identified. Compared to skeletally immature females, skeletally mature females had no higher risk of 10-year revision for all-cause, PJI, mechanical loosening, dislocation/instability, or PPF (P > 0.05 for all). Compared to skeletally immature males, skeletally mature males had no higher risk of 10-year revision for all-cause, PJI, mechanical loosening, dislocation/instability, or PPF (P > 0.05 for all). Conclusion Although THA occurred more commonly in patients above the presumed age of skeletal maturity, the lack of significantly different surgical outcomes suggests that younger age and presumed skeletal immaturity may not put patients at any further risk of implant failure. While further research is needed to understand the impact of age and skeletal maturity on outcomes of THA, these results indicate that the initial age of a THA may not be a factor in optimizing outcomes, and suggests that orthopedic surgeons need not delay surgery based on age or skeletal maturity alone.

Timing based clustering of childhood BMI trajectories reveals differential maturational patterns; Study in the Northern Finland Birth Cohorts 1966 and 1986.

Children's biological age does not always correspond to their chronological age. In the case of BMI trajectories, this can appear as phase variation, which can be seen as shift, stretch, or shrinking between trajectories. With maturation thought of as a process moving towards the final state - adult BMI, we assessed whether children can be divided into latent groups reflecting similar maturational age of BMI. The groups were characterised by early factors and time-related features of the trajectories. We used data from two general population birth cohort studies, Northern Finland Birth Cohorts 1966 and 1986 (NFBC1966 and NFBC1986). Height (n = 6329) and weight (n = 6568) measurements were interpolated in 34 shared time points using B-splines, and BMI values were calculated between 3 months to 16 years. Pairwise phase distances of 2999 females and 3163 males were used as a similarity measure in k-medoids clustering. We identified three clusters of trajectories in females and males (Type 1: females, n = 1566, males, n = 1669; Type 2: females, n = 1028, males, n = 973; Type 3: females, n = 405, males, n = 521). Similar distinct timing patterns were identified in males and females. The clusters did not differ by sex, or early growth determinants studied. Trajectory cluster Type 1 reflected to the shape of what is typically illustrated as the childhood BMI trajectory in literature. However, the other two have not been identified previously. Type 2 pattern was more common in the NFBC1966 suggesting a generational shift in BMI maturational patterns.

The state of the nucleo-nucleolar apparatus of the mature albino rat males cardiomyocytes exposed to intrauterine hypoxia and neonatal administration of non-opiate analogues of leu-enkephalin

Intrauterine hypoxia (IUH) changes the postnatal heart development and contributes to the individual susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases, also by impairment of protein-synthetic function of cardiomyocytes (CMC). Non-opiate analogues of leu-enkephalin, peptides NALE (Phe–D-Ala–Gly–Phe–Leu–Arg) and G (Phe–D-Ala–Gly–Phe–Leu–Gly), cytoprotectors with the wide spectrum of biological activity, improve the state of the CMC nucleo-nucleolar apparatus in neonatal age after IUH. The aim of the study was to analyze the parameters of CMC nucleo-nucleolar apparatus in mature albino rats, exposed to IUH and to the neonatal administration of peptides-analogues of leu-enkephalin. Material and methods. The offspring of Wistar rat females, subjected to hypobaric exposure (15–19 days of gestation, pO2 = 65 mm. Hg, duration – 4 hours), received from day 2 to day 6 of life daily intraperitoneal injections of NALE and G peptides (100 µg/kg), as well as NALE in combination with non-selective NO synthase blocker L-NAME (50 mg/kg), after that they were withdrawn from the experiment in mature age (60 days). The animals of control group and the comparison group received an equal volume of isotonic sodium chloride solution. The karyo- and nucleolometric parameters of CMC, and also the CMC nucleoli number were analyzed in heart sections, stained by using AgNOR method. Results and their discussion. IUH induced the significant decrease in nucleoli number of the CMC of both heart ventricles, and also led to the impairment of karyo- and nucleolometric parameters of the CMC in the mature offspring. Administration of NALE peptide in dose of 100 µg/kg in neonatal period corrected the posthypoxic changes of the CMC nucleonucleolar apparatus. Neonatal administration of non-selective NO-synthase blocker (L-NAME, 50 mg/kg) obviated the registered effects of NALE. The correction of delayed posthypoxic changes, similar to the effects of NALE, was observed after administration of its arginineless analogue– the G peptide. Conclusions. The cardioprotective effect of NALE is partially mediated by L-arginine – a potential donator of nitric oxide. Non-opiate analogues of leu-enkephalin – the NALE and G peptides, might be considered as perspective cardioprotective substances with the delayed activity, preventing the long-term consequences of the IUH.

Comparative Study on Growth Characteristics and Early Selection Efficiency of Hybrid Offspring of Populus deltoides 'DD-109' and P. maximowiczii in Liaoning, China.

Poplar is an important tree species for timber supply and ecological protection in northern China. Cultivating and selecting high-quality varieties and germplasm resources suitable for cultivation are key factors in enhancing the quality and productivity of poplar plantations in the arid and semi-arid northern regions with shorter growing seasons. This study conducted a field cultivation experiment on 10 progeny clones from the direct cross (D × M) of imported Populus deltoides 'DD-109' with Populus maximowiczii and 7 progeny clones from the reciprocal cross (M × D) using one-year-old rooted cuttings planted at a 4 m × 8 m spacing. Based on 17 years of annual growth observations, the study systematically compared growth characteristics, age of quantitative maturity, path relationships between traits, and early selection efficiency in the hybrid offspring. The results indicated that the D × M population had superior diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height (H), and volume (V) compared to the M × D population, while the height-to-diameter ratio (HDR) was lower. The growth rate of the 17 clones peaked from 10 to 14 years, with annual volume growth increments (PAIs) higher than mean annual volume increments (MAIs) during the early growth stages; the quantitative maturity age ranged between 12 and 16 years. The D × M population generally reached quantitative maturity earlier than the M × D population, with the fastest clone maturing in 12 years. Four clones (DM-9-17, DM-9-18, DM-9-14, and MD-61) showed values for V, DBH, H, and HDR above the hybrid group average. Path analysis demonstrated that DBH had the most significant direct and indirect effects on V, suggesting it as the best predictor for V. Using DBH as a reference, correlation and early selection efficiency analysis showed a strong relationship between growth characteristics at planting years 4-5 and later-stage performance, indicating this as the optimal period for early selection. These findings contribute to evaluating the production potential of P. deltoides 'DD-109' and P. maximowiczii germplasm in northern China and provide valuable guidance for selecting poplar clones suitable for local cultivation, accelerating breeding processes, and informing management planning for poplar plantations.

From threats to solutions: A literature review of climate adaptation in anadromous salmon and trout

AbstractUnderstanding the evolutionary responses of anadromous salmon and trout to climate change is critical for effective conservation planning. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive review of literature published from 2010 to 2020 to synthesize current knowledge on climate impacts to these fish populations. Specifically, we focused on 199 papers that explored evolutionary processes in response to changing environmental conditions. Our analysis revealed several key themes, including the interwoven influences of climate and human activities on genetic variation, phenotypic traits, and population dynamics. We found that geographic patterns in genetic diversity are closely linked to climatic gradients, highlighting the importance to conservation strategies of variation in existing adaptive capacity. Additionally, temporal trends in phenology, maturation age, and fecundity indicate ongoing evolutionary and plastic responses to climate change. Importantly, human activities were identified as significant drivers of maladaptation in anadromous salmon and trout populations. We emphasize the need for targeted monitoring of specific evolutionary processes to mitigate the loss of genetic diversity and enhance adaptive capacity. Our study underscores the importance of identifying and protecting areas of high genetic diversity and rare genes, particularly in regions projected to experience rapid climatic shifts. In conclusion, our findings identify strengths and gaps in the research investigating the role of evolutionary dynamics in the face of climate change. By capitalizing on new tools for sequencing, genomic analysis, and automated field data collection, we can establish baselines for tracking evolutionary responses to climate change. Better integration of evolutionary processes into projections of future climate impacts will lead to more effective strategies to ensure the long‐term resilience of these iconic fish species and other wildlife.

Pediatrics. Diagnosis of generalized joint hypermobility in children

Joint hypermobility is a common feature in children and adolescents, often physiological and benign, but it is also a manifestation of hereditary connective tissue disorders. In pediatrics, there is a real need to differentiate Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) hypermobile type (hEDS) from benign hypermobility, in the absence of a genetic marker specific to this form of EDS. In 2023, the International Ehlers-Danlos Consortium revised the diagnostic criteria for children and adolescents, introducing the concept of hypermobility spectrum disorder. In line with these recommendations, the clinical criteria for hEDS established for adults do not apply in paediatrics, and hEDS should no longer be diagnosed before the age of biological maturity. At the end of the child's growth, a specialized reassessment is required, applying the 2017 hEDS criteria.

PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP TRANSAKSI JUAL-BELI YANG DILAKUKAN OLEH ANAK DIBAWAH UMUR DI KOTA BANDA ACEH

The phenomenon of minors involved in buying and selling transactions in Banda Aceh City is a complex issue influenced by economic, educational, socio-cultural factors, as well as weaknesses in regulation and law enforcement. This research aims to analyze the factors causing this phenomenon and view it from the perspective of Islamic law and Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower. In Islamic law, a child who has not reached the age of maturity is considered not qualified to engage in valid transactions without the supervision of a guardian. Meanwhile, labor regulations in Indonesia prohibit minors from working except under certain conditions. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical research type. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation methods, supported by secondary data from the literature. The research results show that poverty, low parental education, social norms, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic are dominant factors driving children to work in the informal sector. In Islamic law, small transactions conducted by children are considered valid if they meet the principles of justice and basic needs without exploitation. However, high-value transactions require guardian supervision to ensure validity. This research recommends the need for strict supervision, community education, and consistent law enforcement to protect children's rights in accordance with Islamic law and legislation.

FORENSIC-MEDICAL ANALYSIS OF GUNSHOT INJURIES ACCORDING TO EXPERT CASES

One of the important aspects of war crimes is murders caused by firearms, which necessitates a comprehensive forensic analysis of such injuries. The aim of the study. To conduct a comprehensive forensic assessment of expert cases with gunshot injuries, involving computer modeling techniques, appropriate statistical tools with the establishment of correlations between the parameters under study. Materials and methods. As research materials, we collected, analyzed and processed 45 expert cases with gunshot injuries that were in the work of the departments of forensic medical examination of corpses and departments of forensic medical criminalistic of regional bureaus of forensic medical examination of various regions of Ukraine in the period from 2020 to 2024. Forensic medical analysis of the collected cases was carried out using morphometric methods, computer modeling, descriptive statistics methods, comparative analysis and establishing correlations. Results. The main number of injured men falls on the 1st and 2nd periods of mature (80%) and youthful (17.8%) age. The majority of fatal injuries (68.9%) were caused by shots from firearms to the head; of all gunshot wounds, 64.4% were single, and 88.9% were penetrating and in the vast majority of cases (69.0%) were caused by an unidentified weapon. The average length of the wound channel in the body of the victims according to forensic medical examinations was 21.5±0.61 cm. The dimensions of the wound channel in its middle part are twice as large as those in its initial part and 1.6 times larger than those in its final part, and the dimensions of the initial gunshot wounds are on average three times larger than those in the input ones. Conclusions. An increase in the caliber of the bullet directly affects the increase in the size of the tissue defect, the width of the deposition ring, and the diameters of the middle and final parts of the wound channel. At the same time, the increase in bullet mass directly affects the increase in the diameter of the entrance wound, tissue defect, width of the deposition ring, diameters of the wound channel in its initial, middle and final parts.

‘Шестидесятилетние’ в современном медиаконтексте России и Греции

The authors focus on the peculiarities of the linguistic objectification of the concept of "sixties’ in the materials of the Russian and Greek media. In the light of global changes in the gradation of age groups due to a wide range of economic, ideological and demographic realities, media resources today choose different (in comparison with the beginning of the XXI century) axiological vectors of publications about the social stratum 60+ and thereby form a new "optics" of perception of people of mature age. The analysis of media texts actualizing the concept of "sixty-year-olds" convinces of the expansion of its semantic scope in recent decades and demonstrates extraordinary, in many ways opposite to stereotypical representations, trends in the description of older people, as a result of which the cluster of Russian and Greek lexical units attributing this age group is continuously replenished with new components. The displacement and redistribution of thematic dominants explicating the categorical characteristics of the concept of the "sixty year old" in the media space demonstrates the new position of the media in the ideology and culture of the two countries, actively supported by native speakers of both Russian and Greek. The presence of a number of universal verbal signs reflecting values common to Russian/Greek linguistic cultures testifies to the cognitive process of rethinking humanity's ideas about old age, which is uniform for the world space, while the methods of constructing a media image and its general palette in two different ethnic communities have their own specifics, which gives the lexeme the sixty-year status of the "name" of an information and ideological product and He characterizes the concept of "sixty years old" as an extremely significant and relevant fragment of the national-linguistic picture of the world.

Maturational Age: Impact on Body Composition and Muscle Strength in Adolescent Athletes

Maturational Age: Impact on Body Composition and Muscle Strength in Adolescent Athletes

Histomorphological findings in the brain of adult Wistar rats exposed to the ecstasy Pill; 3, 4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine

In all vertebrates and the majority of invertebrates, the brain is the organ that acts as the hub of the nervous system. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), a derivative of amphetamine that affects the central nervous system (CNS), is marketed under the brand name Molly and is abused for its intoxicating recreational effects. Using adult Wistar rats, this study sought to ascertain the histomorphological effects of molly on the brain. The animal farm provided 25 adult Wistar rats with a mean weight of 110.10g, and segmented into five groups (A–E). Groups B through E were the test groups, and group A was the control. Molly was made in graded doses for Groups B through E, and the amount to be given was determined by weighing the dosages. Sections were taken from the samples and subjected to histological processing after brain tissues were removed and preserved in 10% formal saline for a full day. A segment of the brain including normal neurons with normochromic nuclei, pale cytoplasm, and normal glial cells was displayed in groups A (control), B, and E. There were typical fibrillary extensions in the backdrop. In conclusion, modest dosages of MDMA did not cause alterations in the brain associated with oxidative stress. Adult rats treated with MDMA did not exhibit changes in brain morphology or histology. To determine whether moderate MDMA dosages cause brain alterations in adult animals and whether these changes are permanent and might manifest later in maturity or old age, more research is needed.

Acceptance of advance care planning and influencing factors from the perspective of the life cycle: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundAdvance care planning is an important part of palliative care. Public acceptance is a prerequisite for the widespread development and implementation of advance care planning. However, little is known about the level of public’s acceptance and influencing factors of advance care planning across different life cycles.MethodsA cross-sectional study in mainland China was conducted from June 20 to August 31, 2022. We used multi-stage sampling strategy to recruit participators. A stepwise linear regression analysis was used to examine the influencing factors in different life cycles (nonage, mature age, middle age and old age).ResultsThe final sample size was 18,002. The average acceptance score of advance care planning of the public throughout the entire life cycle was 64.03. The average score in nonage was 67.13, which is the highest. The average score in mature age was 63.87, in middle age was 63.51, and in old age was 63.54. Multiple linear stepwise regression results indicated that death education support level, well-being index, neighbor relations, health literacy, family social status, and siblings were influencing factors in nonage. Medical insurance, injury events, multiple properties, death education support level, health literacy, family social status, neighbor relation, social support, family health, media contact, and well-being index were influencing factors in mature age. In middle age, region, living alone, depression, debt, houses, death education support level, health literacy, social support, and family social status were influencing factors. In old age, injury event, death education support level, neighbor relation, well-being index, siblings and children were influencing factors.ConclusionsThis study is the first to compare the Chinese people with different life cycles. It found that the public’s acceptance and influencing factors of advance care planning varied across different life cycles. Governments and health care personnel should emphasize autonomy and initiate advance care planning based on different life cycles and individual approaches, then introduce appropriate public health policies into newer and broader fields.

Analyzing the Life History of Caimans: The Growth Dynamics of Caiman latirostris From an Osteohistological Approach.

Skeletochronology and growth dynamics are intensively investigated in vertebrate osteohistology. These techniques are particularly important for interpreting the life history of long-lived species, such as crocodilians. To understand the longevity, growth dynamics, sexual maturity, and sexual dimorphism of caimans we studied an almost complete ontogenetic series of captive and wild specimens of Caiman latirostris from different localities of Argentina. We identified both cyclical and noncyclical growth marks in juvenile caimans, and we suggest that the latter are associated with environmental stress. By overlapping the growth marks of different individuals, we were able to estimate the minimum age of each specimen. Variations in growth rate are evident in different bones, with the femur and scapula having the highest growth rates, while the fibula and pubis have much slower growth rates. We were able to determine the approximate age of sexual maturity from growth curves deduced from osteohistology, which concurred with those assessed in ecological studies. Additionally based on the growth curves we were able to document different growth dynamics which may be related to sexual dimorphism. This study provides valuable insights into the life history and ecological dynamics of crocodilians, shedding light on their growth patterns, attainment of sexual maturity, and the influence of environmental factors on growth. Furthermore it documents the intraspecific and interelemental osteohistological variation in crocodilians and has direct implications for studies that assess the life history of extinct archosaurs and other sauropsids.

Social portrait of the local elite of the Union of october 17 in early 20th century Russia

The paper aims to form the social image of the Octobrist local political elite at the all-Russian level comparing it with the social composition of the Central Committee and the party as a whole. The criteria of elitism were participation in the Union regional department leadership, representation and participation in the State Duma elections of various convocations as well as in the State Council except metropolitan figures participating in the Central Committee. The prosoprographic electronic database Party and Political Elite of Provincial Russia (1890s–1920s) was used as a source providing the data on characteristics of the elite, their social origin etc. The analysis of the accumulated information allowed drawing up a general portrait of the Union local political elite, to identify its preferential parameters (nobility, civil service, mature age, higher education, belonging to the Great Russians). The originality of the research lies in the first attempt to create a social portrait of the provincial elite of the Union of October 17 at the all-Russian level in comparison with the social composition of the Central Committee and the party as a whole, using a prosopographic database as a source.

THE INFLUENCE OF STIMULATED MOTOR ACTIVITY ON THE INDICATORS OF PHYSICAL AND FUNCTIONAL FITNESS OF FEMALE TEACHERS OF THE SECOND MATURE AGE

Based on theoretical analysis and data from their own research, the authors revealed a tendency to change the physical, functional and psycho-emotional indicators of female teachers of the second mature age. The mutual influence of parameters that change in women of this age was empirically confirmed: emotional stress, depression, intellectual overload, decreased physical and functional conditions. In this regard, there is an urgent need to create conditions that ensure the possibility of a comfortable and favourable environment for professional activity. It is physical culture that contains in its arsenal not only means and methods leading to the containment of involutional changes in a woman’s body, but also offers various forms of organisation of classes that contribute to the preservation of physical and mental performance, solving problems of professional deformation. The authors came to the conclusion that the combination of modern types of health training and streaming technologies helps to most effectively create favourable conditions for extending the professional longevity of female teachers.

Developmental stages: an Islamic psychology perspective

ABSTRACT This study aims to integrate primary sources of Islamic Psychology, Quran and Hadith with psychological models to explore how various stages of life are characterized and developed according to these perspectives. Drawing on sources such as Quranic verses, Hadiths, and psychological theories, the research examines the stages of childhood, puberty, adulthood, maximum maturity, and old age. Findings indicate that Islamic teachings emphasize moral and spiritual growth, while psychological theories focus on cognitive and emotional development. It highlights the alignment and divergence between these approaches, demonstrating that Islamic perspectives on development often intersect with psychological theories but also present unique insights.

De l’universalisme culturel dans l’histoire philosophique de Hegel au dialogue des cultures

Abstract. This article aims to examine the depths of Hegel's philosophy of history with the aim of seeing how his conception of the universal is deployed there. With the metaphor of the sun and that of the child, he shows us how the global spirit is gradually formed, from sunrise to sunset, from childhood to adulthood. At the end of the day or at the age of maturity, the true nature of the mind is revealed, that is to say fundamentally free and ethical. This moment which emerged with the French Revolution only completed a process which began in China, India and Persia, before spreading to Greece and Rome to reach maturity with the Germanic world. These are the ideas of freedom, equality and fraternity that have become concrete and must therefore be universalized. This will justify from the 16th century (discoveries and invention) the European desire to conquer the world. In other words, the idea of progress in Hegel, just as in Marx, does not contradict cultural universalism. Moreover, colonization sought to universalize a civilization not without difficulty since cultural relativism stood as a bulwark against the standardization of the world by valuing the specificities of each people. This fight for the recognition of cultural diversity, through the rejection that can result from it, has at times constituted a real threat against the unity of humankind. The solution seems to be found with dialogue between peoples and allows the flourishing of human rights all around the planet with the circulation of information, travel, the development of commercial exchanges, mixed marriages, etc. Mots-clés : Hegel, histoire philosophique, universalisme culturel, relativisme culturel, dialogue des cultures. Keywords: Hegel, philosophical history, cultural universalism, cultural relativism, dialogue of cultures.