Ethical Matters Research Articles

Perceived Supervisor Support and Turnover Intention: A Meta-Analysis Study

Employees intending to resign are commonly due to material matters, such as lack of salary or incentives. Evidently, moral matters, e.g., supervisor support, implies to affect the turnover intention in an organization. Studies pertaining the effect of these two variables to intention to resign report mixed result. For example, several studies report direct and significant effect of these two variables to intention to resign, while otherstudies report the contrary. This study aimed to investigate the direct influence of perceived supervisor support on employee turnover intention through a meta-analysis method. There are 17 articles and 20 studies, ranging from 2007 to 2019 being analysed, of which 60% were published in accredited international journals, and the remaining 40% were published in international journals. Aggregate number of respondents of the studies amounted to 10,079 people from all industrial sectors, such as manufacturing, healthcare, hospitality industry, education, and social services in several countries, such as the Philippines, China, India, Pakistan, Turkey, Norway, and the United States. This study employed data from the standardized beta coefficient using an open-source program data analysis application of Mplus. The study results found that perceived supervisor support did not directly affect employee turnover intention. The study can be used as a reference for similar studies to compare other interrelated variables.

Managerial ethical leadership, ethical climate and employee ethical behavior: does moral attentiveness matter?

ABSTRACT Ethical leaders can influence followers’ ethical behaviors by establishing an ethical climate. However, followers’ responses to an ethical climate may also differ according to the amount of attention they devote to moral questions. This study analyzes whether moral attentiveness augments the positive effect of an ethical climate on employees’ ethical behaviors, as well as the indirect effect of ethical leadership on employee ethical behavior through an ethical climate. Data from 270 employees in the Malaysian manufacturing industry indicate that the positive impact of an ethical climate on ethical behavior is greater among employees who exhibit high rather than low moral attentiveness; this moderating role also applies to the relationship between ethical leadership and employee ethical behavior through the ethical climate. This study thus sheds new light on the notable role of moral attentiveness in ensuring that ethical leadership and ethical climate enhance ethical behavior in the workplace.

ATTITUDE AND THE MORAL VALUE DEVELOPMENT OF TEENAGE STUDENSTS

The behavior of adolescents at this time has become the center of attention to be studied. Especially in matters of morality and behavior. The background that underlies this is that there are differences in morals and attitudes that adolescents have today with adolescents in the past. Youth in the past prioritized morals, so that their politeness patterns were more awake. Adolescents today, with the development of globalization, prioritize ego, which has an impact on the emergence of an attitude of wanting to win alone, not wanting to admit mistakes.Globalization is a characteristic of the relationships between the inhabitants of the earth that go beyond conventional boundaries, such as nations and states. With this there is no longer a barrier that can be used as a boundary by a country so that there will be acculturation (mixing of cultures) between Western culture and Indonesian culture which has differences fundamental. There was a cultural clash between western cultures which tended to prioritize liberalism and uphold freedom, freedom in any case. Different with Indonesia, as a country that holds religious understanding. As a result, many Indonesian adolescents who do not have a strong grip are unable to filter out western culture which in turn erodes the noble values ??of the nation's culture.

Do business ethics really matter?

Do business ethics really matter?

The rejection of self-ownership in Edward Bellamy’s egalitarian utopia

ABSTRACT In the face of various objections to egalitarianism, this article examines Edward Bellamy’s insightful rebuttal to the principle of self-ownership. The main purpose is to make sense of Bellamy’s egalitarianism rather than mounting a full-fledged critique against one of the key concepts of libertarianism. First, I present the principle of self-ownership and Bellamy’s early objections, encompassing arguments based on fraternity as a social duty and the right to life as prior to the right to property. Second, I analyse Bellamy’s conception of talents as a common asset and his outright condemnation of self-ownership as a ‘fraudulent principle’, because it allows those with better natural and social endowments to take advantage in the economic domain. Third, I tease out the egalitarian dismissal of material incentives, founded on the idea that it is wrong to conflate effort as a moral matter, with economic reward, which is an economic issue. Lastly, I take up Bellamy’s visionary rejection of the proposition according to which liberty upsets equality and show that the utopian argument is based on the idea that it is inequality that jeopardizes liberty.

Ethics and Law in Research on Algorithmic and Data-Driven Technology in Mental Health Care: Scoping Review.

BackgroundUncertainty surrounds the ethical and legal implications of algorithmic and data-driven technologies in the mental health context, including technologies characterized as artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, and other forms of automation.ObjectiveThis study aims to survey empirical scholarly literature on the application of algorithmic and data-driven technologies in mental health initiatives to identify the legal and ethical issues that have been raised.MethodsWe searched for peer-reviewed empirical studies on the application of algorithmic technologies in mental health care in the Scopus, Embase, and Association for Computing Machinery databases. A total of 1078 relevant peer-reviewed applied studies were identified, which were narrowed to 132 empirical research papers for review based on selection criteria. Conventional content analysis was undertaken to address our aims, and this was supplemented by a keyword-in-context analysis.ResultsWe grouped the findings into the following five categories of technology: social media (53/132, 40.1%), smartphones (37/132, 28%), sensing technology (20/132, 15.1%), chatbots (5/132, 3.8%), and miscellaneous (17/132, 12.9%). Most initiatives were directed toward detection and diagnosis. Most papers discussed privacy, mainly in terms of respecting the privacy of research participants. There was relatively little discussion of privacy in this context. A small number of studies discussed ethics directly (10/132, 7.6%) and indirectly (10/132, 7.6%). Legal issues were not substantively discussed in any studies, although some legal issues were discussed in passing (7/132, 5.3%), such as the rights of user subjects and privacy law compliance.ConclusionsEthical and legal issues tend to not be explicitly addressed in empirical studies on algorithmic and data-driven technologies in mental health initiatives. Scholars may have considered ethical or legal matters at the ethics committee or institutional review board stage. If so, this consideration seldom appears in published materials in applied research in any detail. The form itself of peer-reviewed papers that detail applied research in this field may well preclude a substantial focus on ethics and law. Regardless, we identified several concerns, including the near-complete lack of involvement of mental health service users, the scant consideration of algorithmic accountability, and the potential for overmedicalization and techno-solutionism. Most papers were published in the computer science field at the pilot or exploratory stages. Thus, these technologies could be appropriated into practice in rarely acknowledged ways, with serious legal and ethical implications.

A Brief Account of Offending Public Morals and Religious Sensibilities before the European Court of Human Rights

The article analyzes the scope of the right to freedom of expression under the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the potential limitations arising from its intersection with the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion as interpreted by the European Court of Human Rights. It focuses on examples of artistic expression that are deemed offensive to public morals as well as religious convictions in the European sphere. The main query in the article traces whether the Court sought an even-handed approach towards restrictions on offensive speech arising from different moral and religious backgrounds in Europe and whether it changed over time. This entails an assessment of the rationale in upholding imposed restrictions on various forms of artistic expression, which found their way to the Court by means of offending public morals, committing religious defamation and blasphemy, besides inciting religious hatred. The analysis highlights some of the inconsistencies in the Court’s supervisory role in light of its reliance on the margin of appreciation doctrine to avoid playing a norm-setting role in matters of morality and religious sensibilities, which are left to the Member States to formulate according to their specific legal orders and particular social needs.

Communicating your point of view

AbstractWhat is it like to give birth? Or have your first child? Or see red for the first time? Arguably, knowing how to answer these questions requires having certain experiences. Arguably you cannot get to know what it is like to give birth, for instance, by simply reading someone's birth story. If this is so, then there are certain limits on testimony as a source of knowledge. This claim is familiar: it has been argued that we cannot, or should not, rely on testimony when it comes to moral matters. And argued that we cannot, or should not, rely on testimony when it comes to aesthetic judgement. This paper aims to build an explanation of our pessimism about testimony as to what experiences are like that also covers moral and aesthetic testimony, about which we can be similarly pessimistic. And the explanation given is such that it can make good sense of the optimism we can demonstrate with respect to each of these domains.

Europeanization from the periphery: the case of ‘second-class’ food in Central and Eastern Europe

ABSTRACT Europeanization is often defined as the process by which European Union (EU) laws, policies and practices shape the member states. Scholars have examined the key drivers of Europeanization. In bottom-up accounts, they point to the member states themselves as important. Attention has traditionally gone to the older or more powerful member states. Yet, recent works, mostly focused on foreign policy, propose that peripheral or weaker countries may also play leading roles. This paper contributes to this perspective by examining a recent and highly publicized case around food quality standards. Starting in 2009, a group of Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) began suspecting Western transnational corporations of exploiting a loophole in EU law to sell lower quality food in their domestic markets. The European Commission dismissed those concerns and requests for intervention. The CEECs responded by demanding more EU regulation and related enforcement measures. Their strategy was multifaceted. It involved framing the issue as a moral matter of West versus East discrimination, coordinating their actions, and leveraging the EU institutional environment. The Commission eventually acknowledged the problem, invested resources, and produced more regulation and enforcement mechanisms. The conclusion reflects on the implications for Europeanization, the periphery and power in the EU.

An Investigation into the Systematic Meaning of Sensuous-Certainty in Hegel

The quintessential characterization of Hegel's philosophy is that of a circle. In the context of his Phenomenology of Spirit, this means a kind of unity or semblance thereof between sensuous-certainty and absolute knowing. In this paper, I demonstrate the aforementioned unity through a reading of the section on sensuous- certainty, one which is mediated by the work of Jean Hyppolite and Jay Bernstein. Through this approach, I highlight several issues of metaphysical importance, viz., space, time, object, and subject, at the beginning of Hegel's text, as well as delineating an underlying ethical matter of responsibility vis-à-vis the capacity to remember.

Beyond behaviorism, positivism, and neo-institutionalism in economics: a conversation with Deirdre Nansen McCloskey

AbstractSilvestri interviews McCloskey about her forthcoming book, ‘Beyond Behaviorism, Positivism, and Neo-Institutionalism in Economics’, critical of recent economics, especially of neo-institutionalism. Neo-institutionalism uses the ugly character ‘Herr Max U’ as its central idea: the elevation of Prudence to the only virtue. Institutions are mainly intermediate, not ultimate, causes in society. Ethics, rhetoric, identity, ideology, and ideas matter. McCloskey's turn to defending liberalism is in the background of her critique of behaviorism, positivism, and neo-institutionalism as anti-liberal, reducing the analysis of people to a model of childish slaves. Liberalism is the theory of non-slave adults. Of the big ideas of the past few centuries, only liberalism treats people with suitable dignity, and permits them to have a go, and make others rich. Neo-institutionalism shares the two sins of modern Samuelsonian economics: a devotion of mere existence proofs; and a deviation to arbitrary tests of statistical ‘significance’. And in its tale of a rise of ‘capitalism’, it shares the errors of amateur economic history. The better word for the modern economic world of the Great Enrichment – fully 3,000% increases in real income per person – is ‘innovism’. Neo-institutionalism, as the method of historical economics, must be replaced by ‘Humanomics’.

The Inevitable Contingency of Ethics on Theistic Foundations

In this article, the author examines the dependence of ethics on theistic foundations. The Western conception is that ethics is a result of a natural evolutionary process. The Modern West has never accepted or believed in any ethical system governed by religion, and modernity has tried to establish that the universal moral principles are independent of any metaphysical context. The modernity project and rising secularization have taken charge of the field, and religious significance has gone absent from the mainstream, on account of which many challenges have occurred in moral and ethical matters. We will also examine whether Modern Western Civilization has established an ethical code independent of religion and whether we should follow the Western Model, if any. Moreover, this article examines how ethics is a cause and consequence of the development of personality, and no ethical system is ever there without any religious foundations. Human beings are built on the essence of servitude, and virtues evolve from the foundation of servitude. Another area the article focuses on is the challenges faced by the Muslims and how Modern Western Civilization made morality appears as a result of social and psychological evolution. We also study the possibility and impossibility of Good without an omniscient and omnipotent authority. The absoluteness of moral principles and values and the necessity of consciousness are also discussed in this article.

KONSEP TUHAN DALAM AGAMA KRISTEN (KAJIAN BUKU SEJARAH TUHAN KAREN ARMSTRONG)

Talking about God has always been a topic of conversation among theologians. Karen Armstrong as a theologian tries to explain the existence of God. Her book entitled The History of God, Karen Armstrong describes in detail the existence of God in the history of human life. The book tells about Karen Armstrong's hesitation in finding the essence of the Trinity in the concept of Christian divinity. Karen Armstrong went through several phases in her skepticism to reach the essence of God in her faith. This paper will discuss Karen Armstrong's view of the Concept of God in Christian Religion using descriptive analysis of the book History of God. The results of the study show that in Christianity the concept of divinity exists in the Trinity, namely God the Father, God the Son and the Holy Spirit. Where Jesus Christ is considered as God because it is believed that Jesus is the Word who became human. The strengths and weaknesses of the Trinity in Christianity that are not understood by everyone. The history book about God examines the history of human perceptions and experiences of God from the time of Prophet Abraham to the present. Karen Armstrong explains in detail the three monotheistic religions, namely Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The book also features Buddhist, Hindu and Confucian traditions. For Karen Armstrong Religion is not about believing in something. Religion is a matter of morals, behaving in ways that change oneself, bringing oneself closer to the holy and sacred.

Attitude and The Moral Value development of Teenage Students

The behavior of adolescents at this time has become the center of attention to be studied. Especially in matters of morality and behavior. The background that underlies this is that there are differences in morals and attitudes that adolescents have today with adolescents in the past. Youth in the past prioritized morals, so that their politeness patterns were more awake. Adolescents today, with the development of globalization, prioritize ego, which has an impact on the emergence of an attitude of wanting to win alone, not wanting to admit mistakes. Globalization is a characteristic of the relationships between the inhabitants of the earth that go beyond conventional boundaries, such as nations and states. With this there is no longer a barrier that can be used as a boundary by a country so that there will be acculturation (mixing of cultures) between Western culture and Indonesian culture which has differences fundamental. There was a cultural clash between western cultures which tended to prioritize liberalism and uphold freedom, freedom in any case. Different with Indonesia, as a country that holds religious understanding. As a result, many Indonesian adolescents who do not have a strong grip are unable to filter out western culture which in turn erodes the noble values of the nation's culture.

Design Ethics in Practice - Points of Departure

Recent years have seen an increased interest in ethically responsible design of technology in society at large as well as among design practitioners. While design ethics is a well-established research area, less research has enquired into how design practitioners understand ethics. Through semi-structured interviews we have explored practitioners' approaches to ethics in design. Our findings show noticing, reflecting and reacting as three ways that ethical matters are approached. This ties into dynamic and participatory views on ethics, rather than viewing ethics as a set of formal frameworks and deductive reasoning practices. Practitioners need approaches that tie in to existing work practices. Our results provide practice-led suggestions and points of departure of when and how it might be suitable to infuse design ethics into design practice.

The impact of vertical public health initiatives on gendered familial care work: public health and ethical issues

ABSTRACT Rigorous evaluations of the effects of vertical public health enterprises on the health systems of low-income countries usefully identify the public health and ethical costs of those initiatives. They reveal that such narrowly focused public health ventures undermine the efforts of those countries to establish and maintain adequately resourced and well-developed national health systems, including comprehensive primary care programs. This paper argues that the scope of assessments of vertical public health ventures should be broadened to include gender as an additional axis of analysis. When members of socio-economically marginalized populations are sick with conditions that are not covered by fragmented and inadequate public health programs or disease-specific vertical public health schemes, their untreated illnesses add to the gendered familial caregiving responsibilities of the female members of their households. Those women and girls have to perform their ‘normal’ familial care work, work outside the home for pay, and take care of the unwell family members for whom the household cannot afford treatment. Given that women and girls from low-income households already shoulder a disproportionate amount of care work for their families, their health and life prospects are further affected by the amplification of their caregiving responsibilities. This paper argues that analyses of the impact of vertical public health initiatives should also track this gendered consequence of those enterprises because it is a crucial public health and ethical matter.

Evaluation of autologus platelet-rich plasma versus silver nitrate in the treatment of cervical erosion

Background Cervical erosion is identified by the existence of columnar cells on the ectocervix rather than on the squamous epithelium. Adolescent age, pregnancy, and hormonal contraception are all causes of erosion. Some doctors think erosion is a typical asymptomatic variation, while others believe it is caused by persistent cervicitis. Metaplastic columnar epithelium may cause a variety of symptoms such as vaginal discharge, leukorrhea, postcoital bleeding, pelvic discomfort, and dyspareunia. Laser ablation, microwave ablation, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections, herbal treatments, and cryosurgery have all been reported as therapeutic options. Aim Evaluating the therapeutic effect of applying an autologous PRP in cervical erosion versus chemical cautery with silver nitrate. Patients and methods Randomized controlled clinical study on 100 patients at the outpatient clinic of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University Hospitals. A total of 50 patients was assigned as the PRP group), the study group, while the other was the silver nitrate group. Follow-up visits occurred on the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10tht, and 12th week posttreatment for the lesion size changes, symptom relief, postprocedure discomfort, pain, and long-term complications. Results PRP and silver nitrate are now being used to treat symptomatic patients with cervical erosion. Because it resulted in a faster tissue healing time and fewer complications, autologous PRP has the potential to replace alternative unpleasant treatment options such as cautery, with promising results for inflamed and injured cervical tissue with erosion repair. Conclusion PRP shows no immunogenic difficulty or ethical matters as autologous. It stops damage to the cervix and hence prevention from cervical cancer.

Rethinking Reich, edited by Sumanth Gopinath and Pwyll ap Siôn

Book Review| April 01 2021 Rethinking Reich, edited by Sumanth Gopinath and Pwyll ap Siôn Rethinking Reich, edited by Sumanth Gopinath and Pwyll ap Siôn. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019. xvii, 394 pp. Victoria Aschheim Victoria Aschheim VICTORIA ASCHHEIM is a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Society of Fellows and Lecturer in Music at Dartmouth College. She studies contemporary music and its relations to civic life. She is especially interested in minimalism and postminimalism. Her writing has appeared in the edited volume Staging History: 1780–1840 (Bodleian Library, 2016) and the journals Notes and American Music. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the American Musicological Society (2021) 74 (1): 170–176. https://doi.org/10.1525/jams.2021.74.1.170 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Victoria Aschheim; Rethinking Reich, edited by Sumanth Gopinath and Pwyll ap Siôn. Journal of the American Musicological Society 1 April 2021; 74 (1): 170–176. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/jams.2021.74.1.170 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentJournal of the American Musicological Society Search Rethinking Reich places Steve Reich’s music in diverse contexts. The editors, Sumanth Gopinath and Pwyll ap Siôn, are critical of Reich’s own descriptions of his art, which tend to “obfuscate more complex realities and contentious ideologies” (p. 8). Rather than retelling the tale of Reich’s artistic origins in the galleries of 1960s New York and his antipathy for European serialism, the contributors take up matters of cultural indebtedness, technical evolution, and ethics. They often make their cases armed with documents gathered from the Reich holdings at the Paul Sacher Stiftung (PSS). Rethinking Reich is structured in four parts: “Political, Aesthetic, and Analytical Concerns,” “Repetition, Speech, and Identity,” “Reich Revisited: Sketch Studies,” and “Beyond the West: Africa and Asia.” While part 4 is thematically precise, the big-tent quality of the headings of the first three parts blurs rather than sharpens the focus on the core issues the book raises. For instance,... You do not currently have access to this content.

Emphasizing truthfulness in COVID-19 test declarations.

ABSTRACTIn previous correspondence, it was explained that faking COVID-19 diagnostic tests and vaccination certifications posits serious concerns for matters of ethics and economics. With this, we suggest, in this paper, the importance of giving emphasis to being truthful in declaring their COVID-19 diagnostic test results and vaccination certificates. Also, in being truthful, it is emphasized in this paper that honesty and transparency in regard to the said results and certificates are necessary in ensuring public health and promoting awareness during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Absolute Prioritization of Planetary Protection, Ethics, and Avoiding Imperialism in All Future Science Missions: A Policy Perspective

This white paper addresses comprehension gaps between the public and private sector and within the astro-sciences as a whole regarding matters of ethics, biodefense, safety, planetary protection, and anti-colonization/imperialism in science. The paper stresses the need to update and universalize these standards.