Matter-element Extension Research Articles

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Level of Water Ecological Civilization Construction in the Min River Basin, China

Water Ecological Civilization Construction (WECC) is critical for promoting long-term resource, economic, and social development. The Min River is the longest in Fujian Province, China, and is known as the “golden canal” for shipping. In this study, data from cities around the Min River were used to build an evaluation index system for WECC in the Min River, incorporating the Pressure–State–Response model, and the matter element extension model was used to examine the WECC level in the Min River Basin. The results indicate that notable progress has been made for WECC in the Min River Basin, despite evident regional variation. The upper parts of the Min River have seen the most development; however, the downstream regions have been mainly stable and retained a high WECC level. Changes in industrial structure and government actions substantially affect the degree of WECC. This study can act as a reference for river basin WECC.

Source Analysis and Contamination Assessment of Potentially Toxic Element in Soil of Small Watershed in Mountainous Area of Southern Henan, China.

In this study, the concentrations of potentially toxic elements in 283 topsoil samples were determined. Håkanson toxicity response coefficient modified matter element extension model was introduced to evaluate the soil elements contamination, and the results were compared with the pollution index method. The sources and spatial distribution of soil elements were analyzed by the combination of the PMF model and IDW interpolation. The results are as follows, 1: The concentration distribution of potentially toxic elements is different in space. Higher concentrations were found in the vicinity of the mining area and farmland. 2: The weight of all elements has changed significantly. The evaluation result of the matter-element extension model shows that 68.55% of the topsoil in the study area is clean soil, and Hg is the main contamination element. The evaluation result is roughly the same as that of the pollution index method, indicating that the evaluation result of the matter-element extension model with modified is accurate and reasonable. 3: Potentially toxic elements mainly come from the mixed sources of atmospheric sedimentation and agricultural activities (22.59%), the mixed sources of agricultural activities and mining (20.26%), the mixed sources of traffic activities, nature and mining (36.30%), the mixed sources of pesticide use and soil parent material (20.85%).

Evaluation method considering rural new energy utilization

Nowadays, it is indispensable for the establishment of a rural new energy utilization rating system, but the current evaluation system has shortcomings that it does not consider the subjective and objective impact, and cannot further select the best when the evaluation grades are the same. In this regard, we establish a new evaluation system for the utilization of new energy in rural areas considering the shortcomings listed above. A control item evaluation is established first according to the actual situation in rural areas and the relevant national standards. Once the item meets the standards, a general item evaluation will be conducted. In the general item evaluation, the subjective and objective weights are calculated using analytic hierarchy processes and entropy weighting methods, and the combined weight is determined through calculation. Then, each evaluation scheme is classified according to the matter-element extension analysis method. To obtain a better scheme, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is used when the evaluation level is the same. This paper provides a method that accounts for the subjectivity and objectivity of the evaluation object, classifies evaluation indicators, and resolves the issue of the same evaluation grade that can no longer be evaluated.

Evaluation of Soil Pollution by Potential Toxic Elements in Cultivated Land in the Poyang Lake Region Based on an Improved Matter–Element Extension Model

This study examined the pollution status of potential toxic elements (PTEs) in cultivated soils throughout the Poyang Lake region, Jiangxi Province, China. A total of 251 topsoil samples were collected from the 0–20 cm depth to determine the concentrations of seven PTEs (Hg, As, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, and Zn). Based on the concentrations of PTEs, we constructed an improved matter–element extension model to evaluate the level of soil pollution by PTEs. We also applied Hakanson’s toxic response factor to correct the weights of PTEs determined by a conventional weighting method. The mean concentrations of all seven PTEs in the soil samples exceeded their local background values in Jiangxi Province. The over-standard rates of different PTEs were ranked in the order of Cr > Cu > Cd > Hg > Zn > Pb > As (36.2–87.9%). These potentially harmful pollutants mainly came from the surrounding industrial and agricultural areas, and could enter cultivated soils through different pathways. Samples from Duchang County, Hukou County, and Gongqingcheng City were in a clean state, whereas samples from other areas was in a still clean state or at the warning limit. The evaluation results were consistent with those obtained using several conventional methods. The improved matter–element extension model can therefore be applied for the evaluation of soil pollution by PTEs and yield reliable results in cultivated land.

Prioritizing countries for implementing waste recycling under socioeconomic supports

The implementation of waste recycling in a country has been proved to be substantially affected by the socioeconomic conditions. Whether and to what extent a country is suitable for initiating waste recycling under the current socioeconomic supports has not been explored adequately. In this study, we adopt an integrated socioeconomic index system involving five dimensions (economic, social, technological, market and consciousness) to represent the socioeconomic supports for waste recycling. Combining the index system and the improved matter-element extension model, we quantitatively stratify the holistic suitability (five ranks) for waste recycling in 68 empirical countries under different levels of socioeconomic supports. The results indicate that the developed countries in North America, Western Europe, Northern Europe and Oceania have the highest suitability for waste recycling attributed to outstanding socioeconomic conditions. Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland are divided into Rank I from both the holistic suitability and respective socioeconomic dimension perspectives. Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain and Czech pertain to Rank II, limited by the economic and technological conditions. Social condition is a limiting factor for some emerging economies and resource-based countries such as Brazil, Malaysia, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. Market condition is a limiting factor for some industrial powers and resource-based countries, such as China and Saudi Arabia. The findings of this study provide the global countries with references to being well-informed of socioeconomic supports for waste recycling and directions for follow-up efforts in waste management.

New Energy Power Generation Enterprise Credit Evaluation Based on Fuzzy Best-Worst and Improved Matter-Element Extension Method

Under the background of the new power system, the proportion of new energy power generation enterprises in the power market is gradually increasing. With the further expansion of China’s power trading scale, the increasingly fierce market competition, and the instability of new energy output, the credit problems of new energy power generation enterprises in the trading process cannot be ignored. Therefore, improving and perfecting the credit system of new energy power generation enterprises is necessary for building a modern market system. Firstly, the credit indexes of new energy power generation enterprises are constructed from the three dimensions of performance ability, performance behavior, and performance willingness. Then, a credit index evaluation model of new energy power generation enterprises is proposed based on the fuzzy best-worst and improved matter-element extension method. Finally, an empirical study is carried out. The analysis results show that scheduling discipline compliance, historical credit, and participation rate of the market-oriented transaction have a more significant impact on the recognition of new energy power generation enterprises. They should focus on market transactions. The model proposed in this paper can effectively deal with the ambiguity of indexes in the credit evaluation of new energy power companies. Through comparison with other models, the effectiveness of the model proposed in this paper in the credit evaluation of power companies is further verified. Construction provides method support.

Rockburst tendency prediction based on an integrating method of combination weighting and matter-element extension theory: A case study in the Bayu Tunnel of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway

The Bayu Tunnel is the most problematic tunnel project in the Lhasa-Nyingchi section of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway. Rockbursts have occurred frequently during the construction process, which has seriously threatened the safety of construction workers and equipment. Aiming at the rockburst hazard prediction problem of the Bayu Tunnel, in this paper an integrating method of combination weighting and matter-element extension theory is proposed. This method introduces the rock brittleness evaluation index BICSS, Russenes criterion and rock mass integrity coefficient as the main rockburst evaluation indexes, which characterized the control factors of rock physical and mechanical property, surrounding rock stress and rock mass integrity on rockburst tendency, respectively. Then the rockburst tendency evaluation index system is constructed. The weight of each rockburst control factor is determined by the combination weighting algorithm of triangular fuzzy number analytic hierarchy process (TFN-AHP), criteria importance though intercriteria correlation (CRITIC), and determination of comprehensive weight (MDI). The correlation degree between the rockburst sample and rockburst grade can be calculated using the matter-element extension theory, after which the prediction of rockburst grade is carried out. Finally, the applicability, superiority and the necessity of selected rockburst control factors in this method are verified and discussed further. The research results provide a new analysis method and technical means for rockburst tendency assessment of deep tunnel.

Comprehensive Identification of Surface Subsidence Evaluation Grades of Mines in Southwest China

Due to their complex geological structure, it is difficult to systematically analyze the surface subsidence of coal mines in southwest China, and the factors that cause surface subsidence are also different from other coal mines. Focusing on the problem of surface subsidence caused by mining in southwest China’s mines, a grade evaluation system for surface subsidence of southwest mines is constructed based on the analytic hierarchy process, and ten evaluation indicators are established from the perspectives of mining disturbance and geological structure. A matter–element model of surface subsidence based on matter–element extension theory and a cloud model of surface subsidence based on cloud theory are then constructed. A coal mine in Anshun, Guizhou, is taken as an example to calculate the evaluation level of surface subsidence and thus verify the scientificity of extension theory and cloud theory. The results show that the main factors that affect the surface subsidence of southwest mines are the number of coal seam layers, mining height and comprehensive Platt hardness of rock, similar to that of northern plain coal mines. Surface slope and subsidence area are also very important. The comprehensive correlation degree of each grade of the coal mine is −0.29836, 0.192232, −0.1093 and −0.46531, and the coal mine is concluded to be in grade 2. The calculated similarity of the overall index evaluation cloud map of the coal mine and each grade is 0, 0.3453, 0.7872 and 0, respectively. The coal mine is in grade 2, which is a relatively safe state. Consistent with the calculation results of the extension model and in line with the field situation, the extension matter–element model and cloud model built in this paper can verify each other and have a certain scientificity.

State Evaluation and Fault Prediction of Protection System Equipment Based on Digital Twin Technology

Digital twin technology aims to build a map of physical entities in virtual space, and simulate the real-time state and dynamic characteristics of physical devices through bi-directional interactive data flow. In order to guarantee the safe and stable operation of protection system equipment in intelligent substations and improve the efficiency of protection system operation and condition maintenance, this paper proposes a protection system state evaluation and fault prediction method based on digital twin technology. The architecture, application and operation control mode of digital twin technology in a real-time state analysis of a protection system are studied. The state evaluation model based on matter-element extension and the fault prediction model based on clustering algorithm are constructed. By analyzing the historical data of an intelligent station protection system in actual operation, a database that can be updated and corrected in real time is constructed. The effectiveness and accuracy of the state evaluation and fault prediction method are verified with actual cases, which can provide technical support for the operation and maintenance of the protection system.

Resilience Capacity Evaluation for the Safety Management System of Power Grid Enterprise Based on AHP-MEE Model

With the rapid development of urbanization and modernization, people’s requirements for electric power are also consequently increasing. It is thus essential to ensure the sustainable and stable supply of power and maintain the safety performance of the power grid. Constructing a modern safety management system (SMS) can effectively improve power enterprises’ ability to respond to emergencies. To effectively evaluate the ability of electric power enterprises to resist risk impact, and the recovery and optimization ability after impact, this paper makes a systematic investigation of the SMS of power enterprises. It evaluates the safety resilience capabilities of the SMS from four basic elements of stability, redundancy, efficiency, and adaptability. A multilevel evaluation system of electric power enterprises’ safety resilience capacity consists of four first-level and 25 second-level indices. Then, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and matter-element extension (MEE) joint model—the AHP-MEE evaluation model of the resilience capacity of power enterprises—is proposed. A case study of electric power enterprise safety resilience evaluation is conducted using the proposed resilience evaluation index system and assessment model. The results showed that the provided model agrees with the actual situation and verified the index system and model for electric power enterprise safety reliability and applicability. Improved enterprise safety resilience recommendations are proposed accordingly based on the evaluation results. This work proposes a robust safety resilience capacity evaluation method in the face of upcoming new risks, thus building a good working foundation to construct a new power system with new energy sources.

Safety risk assessment of chemical production process based on local and global objectives

The chemical industry is a high-risk industry, and accidents such as fires and explosions occur frequently. This paper proposes a safety risk assessment model for the chemical production process based on local and global objectives to reduce and prevent accidents. The local objective is to apply the Dow Fire and Explosion Index (F&EI) method to evaluate the fire and explosion risks of each unit in the chemical production process. The global objective is to assess the global safety level of the chemical production process by establishing the index system, constructing the subjective and objective comprehensive weight model, and using the matter-element extension evaluation method. At the same time, the safety assessment model was applied and verified through a case of trimellitic anhydride production. The results show the accuracy and scientific feasibility of the safety assessment model. The model can help enterprises accurately determine the focus of prevention, improve intrinsic safety, and provide a practical tool for effectively enhancing the safety production level.

Evaluation of greenness of green buildings based on carbon emissions

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate green buildings from the angle of greenness and improve the evaluation system. And the matter-element extension method is used to evaluate the greenness of green buildings, in order to provide useful references for the evaluation system of green buildings.Design/methodology/approachFirst, this paper studies the aspects of safety and durability, health and comfort, living convenience, resource-saving, environmental liability and ecological quality, etc. For the first time, carbon emission is included in the evaluation system, 18 key evaluation indexes are determined by using the Delphi method, and the green building evaluation index system is established. Then, the combined weight method is proposed to determine the weight of each evaluation index, and the greenness evaluation model of green building is established with the matter-element extension method. Finally, taking Beijing Daxing International Airport as an example, the evaluation model of green building greenness was established to evaluate the building.FindingsIn this paper, the greenness evaluation model of green building established by the matter-element extension method solves the problem of incompatibility between qualitative and quantitative material elements in multi-factor evaluation. It makes the evaluation indexes more accurate and objective relative to the affiliation calculation of the evaluation set and improves the scientific, accuracy and reliability of the evaluation model.Originality/valueIn this paper, for the first time, carbon emission-related indicators are included in the green building evaluation system, which makes the evaluation system more perfect. In addition, a more scientific extension matter-element method is used to evaluate the greenness of green buildings, breaking the previous rough star evaluation method.

Quantitative evaluation method of load side flexibility for industrial park

In view of the researches on the quantitative evaluation methods systems for load side flexibility, the evaluation methods using matter-element extension and setting pair analysis usually qualitative analysis the flexibility of load only. At present, they do not quantify the flexibility of each load. Thus, firstly, according to the factors affecting the load flexibility of industrial parks, this paper selects 10 indicators from four aspects to form an index system to evaluate the load flexibility of industrial parks. Secondly, considering the correlation between indicators, the grey correlation matrix is proposed to improve the entropy weight method for the first time. Thirdly, in order to eliminate the influence of human subjective factors, the coupling method of analytic hierarchy process and improved entropy weight method is used to determine the weight of indicators. Finally, in order to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional TOPSIS method, an improved set pair analysis (SPA) based on grey entropy and TOPSIS coupling method is proposed to quantify the load flexibility of industrial parks.

Research on the evaluation of China's photovoltaic policy driving ability under the background of carbon neutrality

The realization of carbon neutral goal is inseparable from the development of new energy industry, and scientific and effective policy support can accelerate the progress of the goal. In this paper, the policy driven ability of China's photovoltaic industry in the background of carbon neutral is evaluated. Firstly, the evaluation system is established by the improved diamond model. Then, the policy evaluation standard is formulated according to the Interval Type-2 Fuzzy sets (IT2FS). Finally, the weight of each index is determined by using the fuzzy OWA operator weighting method (F-OWA). Then, the policy driving ability of China's photovoltaic industry is evaluated by fuzzy matter-element extension method (F-MEEM), and the effectiveness of the evaluation results is further verified by weight sensitivity analysis. According to the evaluation results, policy support plays an important role in the development of photovoltaic industry. This paper also gives policy suggestions for the development of China's photovoltaic industry under the background of carbon neutral from the macro, meso and micro perspectives.

Multi-criteria decision making for comprehensive benefits assessment of photovoltaic poverty alleviation project under sustainability perspective: A case study in Yunnan, China

Photovoltaic poverty alleviation is an important way to help people get rid of poverty in China. Evaluating the comprehensive benefits of photovoltaic poverty alleviation project (PPAP) is significant to the closed-loop management of projects and the formulation of future poverty alleviation action. From the perspective of sustainability, this article proposes a comprehensive benefits evaluation framework for PPAP. The 13 sub-criteria are identified and determined from four aspects: economy, technology, society, and environment, forming the evaluation index system. The triangular intuitionistic fuzzy number (TIFN) and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) are introduced to calculate the weight of indexes. And the improved matter-element extension method (MEEM) with cloud model is conducted to obtain the final results. With an application in four projects in Yunnan province, the feasibility of the decision framework has been proved. The result shows that the comprehensive benefits of PPAP in Yunnan are generally at a good level, and the PPAPs have the potential for further development. Finally, the specific measures to improve the PPAP's performance are given. The study could state the effectiveness of the project in poverty alleviation and provide management support to its sustainable development in rural revitalization.

BIM-Based Green Hospital Building Performance Pre-Evaluation: A Case Study

With ecological problems and energy crises intensifying today, greening is essential to sustainable development. Compared with other types of buildings, hospital buildings account for a relatively larger proportion of building energy consumption. In order to realize the rapid cycle optimization of a green hospital project in the design stage and improve the green grade of the building, a pre-evaluation Building Information Model (BIM) of green hospital building performance was established in this study. Firstly, the literature review and expert consultation established the building performance pre-evaluation index system for green hospitals. Then, BIM technology is taken to extract data needed for building a performance pre-evaluation system, and the Cloud Model and the Matter–Element Extension Theory are used to build models. The final green grade calculation is realized in MATLAB. Finally, the Maluan Bay Hospital is taken as an example to test the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed model. The results show that the green hospital building performance pre-evaluation model has advantages of simulation, cyclic optimization and fuzzy quantification, which can effectively guide the design and construction of a green hospital.

Groundwater hydrogeochemical characterization and quality assessment based on integrated weight matter-element extension analysis in Ningxia, upper Yellow River, northwest China

• Groundwater chemistry and quality were analyzed in the Ningxia region. • NO 3 − , NH 4 + and NO 2 − are related to human pollution. • Water quality was assessed using an integrated weight matter-element extension model. • High health risks of F − , NO 3 − , NH 4 + , and NO 2 − were found, especially for children. Assessing groundwater quality and identifying pollutant risks are essential for managing groundwater resources in arid and semi-arid regions. An analysis of the hydrochemical characteristics, controlling factors, and pollutant characteristics of the groundwater in the upper Yellow River region is presented to understand the overall groundwater quality and identify the risk to human health in this region. Traditional hydrochemical analysis methods, integrated weight matter-element extension analysis, and health risk models were used in this study. A total of 210 groundwater samples were collected from the wells for physical and chemical analyses. Results showed that groundwater in the study area was weakly alkaline, with the predominant hydrochemical types of groundwater being SO 4 ·Cl-Ca·Mg, SO 4 ·Cl-Na, and HCO 3 -Ca·Mg. The hydrochemical composition of the groundwater is controlled by rock dominance, evaporation dominance, and cation exchange. Nitrogen pollution of groundwater is caused by industrial activities and fertilizers; fluorine pollution is caused by fluorite dissolution. To reasonably evaluate the groundwater quality, the groundwater evaluation method based on an integrated weight matter-element extension analysis was optimized. The method effectively avoids defects of G1 and entropy weight methods in determining weights and thoroughly considers the fuzziness and uncertainty of the water quality grade. The overall quality groundwater assessment results showed that 96.19% of the overall water quality in the study area was good and could be used in many ways. Land irrigated with groundwater is mainly exposed to salinity hazards. Health risk assessment results showed that 57% and 21% of the samples posed unacceptable health risks to children and adults, respectively. Therefore, more attention should be paid to real-time, continual monitoring of pollutants in groundwater management. The results help decision makers make wise decisions on identifying groundwater purposes to avoid further water quality deterioration and increase in pollutants, ensuring the cleanliness of groundwater resources in the upper Yellow River..

Recommendations for Refined Preventive Maintenance Management of Concrete Bridges in China Based on Environmental Risk Zoning

Service environment has an important influence on the durability of concrete bridges. Environmental factors are often considered in the design stage, however, they tend to be ignored in the process of maintenance management. It is of great significance in prolonging the service life of a bridge to pay attention to the influence of the environment on the deterioration of the bridge during the preventive maintenance process. Concrete carbonation, chloride ion corrosion, sulfate corrosion, concrete cracking, concrete abrasion, and freeze–thaw damage are the main causes of decline of bridge durability. Based on these six kinds of distress, indexes of environmental zoning are proposed. For this purpose, variable weight theory is introduced into the matter-element extension model, and the comprehensive environmental risk values of various regions are calculated. The environmental risk zoning map of the concrete bridge’s location is then drawn using data visualization software (Tubiaoxiu). These maps show that the east, south, and southwest of China are the most high-risk areas for the deterioration of concrete bridges, and the validity of the results is proved by the distribution of collected bridge collapse accidents. Through the environmental risk zoning map, managers can intuitively grasp the degree of environmental risk in each region in real time. This approach could help bridge management department to implement differential management of concrete bridges in different regions, adjust bridge maintenance intervals dynamically, predict the state of bridges scientifically, and realize refined preventive maintenance management.

Evaluation research on water resources carrying capacity based on improved matter-element extension model

Evaluation research on water resources carrying capacity based on improved matter-element extension model

Risk evaluation of tailings dam based on game theory and matter-extension theory

The safety and stability of tailings dam are directly related to the safety of life and property of downstream residents and the ecological and environmental safety of downstream rivers and farmland. During the operation stage of the tailings pond, safety assessment shall be carried out from seepage damage of the tailings dam, instability of the dam foundation, structural damage of the dam body, flooded roof, and safety management, etc. Aiming at a tailings pond in the running stage of Guangxi Province in China, by establishing the evaluation index system and its grading standard of the tailings dam-break, the subjectivity and objectivity of the evaluation index are taken into consideration by the combination of matter-element extension theory and game theory. Meanwhile, in order to solve the problem of the defect of the correlation function when the eigenvalue exceeds the controlled field and of the incommensurability for different units, a linear dimensionless method is adopted. The results show that the grade of tailings dam-break is I, and the eigenvalue of grade variable is 1.3, that is, the tailings pond is a “normal tailing reservoir”, but there is a risk of evolution to the “sickness tailing reservoir”. Thus, corresponding measures must be taken to prevent. In addition, the result of the two methods is consistent by comparing with the unascertained measure method, which not only validates the accuracy of the evaluation method, but also embodies the unique advantage of possessing the eigenvalue of grade variable to alert its evolution direction.