Polymer Matrix Research Articles

Effect of different nanoparticles on physicochemical and biological properties of emulsion templated poly (ɛ-caprolactone) scaffolds

Poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) based crosslinked nanocomposite scaffolds were fabricated utilizing the high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) templates. HIPEs were co-stabilized using the emulsifier, F127 and various nanoparticles i.e. clay, hydroxyapatite, silica, and graphene oxide. Resulting HIPEs demonstrated comparable droplet size, thus illustrating the role of nanoparticles with high aspect ratios in prohibiting droplet coalescence. Post-polymerization, the received nanocomposite scaffolds demonstrated improved compressional properties compared to Neat-PH scaffolds thus confirming the excellent polymer matrix and nanoparticle compatibility. Further, all the nanocomposite scaffolds demonstrated improved compressional properties compared to Neat-PH due to excellent polymer matrix and nanoparticle compatibility. Excellent liquid uptake capacity was observed in all the scaffolds for both hydrophilic (>2g/g) as well as hydrophobic (>20g/g) media, thereby proving the formation of highly interconnected networks throughout the intricacies of the scaffold. Additionally, all the nanocomposite scaffolds demonstrated the extremely high capability towards apatite nucleation thus indicating their ability towards increased biomineralization compared to Neat-PH scaffold. Finally, all the nanocomposite scaffolds had enhanced cytocompatibility when analyzed using MG63 cells.

Synthesis of a Novel Derivative Containing Phosphaphenanthrene and Phenyl Propargyl Ether Groups Toward Enhanced Flame Retardance and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resin

ABSTRACTTo achieve effective flame retardancy and improved toughness in epoxy resin (EP) without compromising strength and modulus, a new derivative containing phosphaphenanthrene and phenyl propyl ether groups (HPMD) has been developed and used as an additive. The structure of HPMD has been fully characterized, and the properties of HPMD and modified EP have been thoroughly studied. The phenyl propyl ether group in HPMD can undergo Claisen type rearrangement to form benzopyran during heat treatment and subsequently polymerize by curing via the CC bond in the benzopyran. The unique rigid and flexible structures of HPMD allow it to disperse in the EP matrix through melting. Dynamic mechanical analysis suggests that HPMD has a high degree of interpenetration in the EP matrix, resulting in a single‐phase structure for the epoxy resins containing HPMD. Notably, incorporating only 4 wt% HPMD content into the polymer matrix yields a flame‐retarded, toughened, and strengthened EP. EP containing 4 wt% HPMD (EP4; phosphorus content of only 0.33%) displays a limiting oxygen index value of 31.1% and exhibits a UL94 V‐0 rating. Compared with that of EP, the combustion of EP4 exhibits a decrease in the peak of heat release rate, maximum average heat rate emission, average heat release rate, and total heat release, along with an increase in the char yield, further indicating that HPMD effectively retards the combustion of EP. Moreover, EP4 displays improvements in tensile strength, elongation at break, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and impact strength of 18.4%, 9.7%, 14.9%, 19.1%, and 26.7%, respectively, compared with unmodified EP. Analysis of HPMD's flame‐retardant action suggests that it exhibits flame‐retardant activity simultaneously in the gas and condensed phases. Significant progress has been demonstrated toward the development of a meltable epoxy resin additive that combines flame‐retardant, toughening, and strengthening functions while avoiding phase separation from the epoxy resin.

Optimization of PVA/ alkali treated ramie fiber-based composite film for green packaging application using response surface methodology approach

Natural fiber-reinforced composites have gained significant attention as eco-friendly alternatives in sustainable packaging due to their biodegradability, renewability, and low environmental impact. This study aimed to produce an optimum composite film by combining PVA with alkali-treated-ramie fiber using a central composite design (CCD). This research investigates the effects of two independent factors, PVA (60-100 wt%) and alkali-treated ramie fiber (0-40 wt%), on three dependent variables: tensile strength, elongation at break (%), and contact angle of the composite film. Response surface methodology (RSM) determined that the optimal film composition for packaging application is 80 wt% PVA and 20 wt% alkali treated-ramie fiber. This combination resulted in a tensile strength of 46.03 MPa, an elongation limit of 251.4 %, and a contact angle of 66.75°. The film, which was produced utilizing the optimal outcomes, was then subjected to several characterization methods, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), mechanical testing, contact angle measurement, water vapor transmission rate analysis, and FTIR spectroscopy. This outcome exemplified the optimal use of processed Ramie fiber in a polymer matrix for the purpose of eco-friendly packaging.

Experimental determination of the mechanical and hydrolytic properties of chitosan/rice husk ash composite membranes

Chitosan-based membranes are promising alternatives to synthetic membranes in a number of specialized use cases, including water purification and electrochemical devices. In application, excessive swelling when hydrated can lead to poor mechanical integrity, necessitating modifications to the polymer to counter this effect. Embedding inorganic fillers within an organic polymer matrix is one method of combining excellent mechanical stability with good performance. This study investigated the effect of rice husk ash (RHA) on the mechanical and hydrolytic properties of chitosan-based composite membranes. We incorporated varying amounts of RHA into a chitosan solution and prepared thin film membranes via solution casting. We performed structural, chemical, and mechanical characterizations on the ash and membranes, observing 82.84 % water uptake in the 1.5 wt% (wt%) RHA-doped membrane and 13.93 MPa tensile strength in the 2.0 wt% loaded composite. As the RHA content increased, the swelling ratio of the composites with RHA loadings greater than 1.0 wt% decreased, indicating an enhancement in mechanical strength. The observed results demonstrate that combining improved mechanical strength with increased water absorption and reduced swelling can lead to optimal membrane characteristics.

Advances in flexible ionic thermal sensors: present and perspectives.

Ionic thermal sensors (ITSs) represent a promising frontier in sensing technology, offering unique advantages over conventional electronic sensors. Comprising a polymer matrix and electrolyte, these sensors possess inherent flexibility, stretchability, and biocompatibility, allowing them to establish stable and intimate contact with soft surfaces without inducing mechanical or thermal stress. Through an ion migration/dissociation mechanism similar to biosensing, ITSs ensure low impedance contact and high sensitivity, especially in physiological monitoring applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of ionic thermal sensing mechanisms, contrasting them with their electronic counterparts. Additionally, it explores the intricacy of the sensor architecture, detailing the roles of active sensing elements, stretchable electrodes, and flexible substrates. The decoupled sensing mechanisms for skin-inspired multimodal sensors are also introduced based on several representative examples. The latest applications of ITS are categorized into ionic skin (i-skin), healthcare, spatial thermal perception, and environment detection, regarding their materials, structures, and operation modes. Finally, the perspectives of ITS research are presented, emphasizing the significance of standardized sensing parameters and emerging requirements for practical applications.

Synthesis and Performance of Polysulfone-Chitosan Ultrafiltration Membranes for Humic Acid Removal

Natural organic matter (NOM) constitutes a significant contaminant in water sources, adversely affecting drinking water quality and complicating purification processes. To mitigate these contaminants, the current state of the application uses membrane filtration along with structural and surface modification of membranes. This study presents the development of polysulfone (PSU) flat-sheet ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, modified with three different concentrations of chitosan (0.05, 0.06, and 0.08g), a natural polymer, to enhance NOM removal. The membranes were rigorously characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and water contact angle (WCA), porosity, and pore size analysis. Furthermore, the study delves into the interaction mechanisms between chitosan and the PSU polymer matrix, as well as the transport phenomena involved. The findings indicate that increasing the chitosan content from 0.05 to 0.08g markedly enhanced the membrane's surface properties, reducing the contact angle from 72.8° to 53.5° and nearly doubling the permeation rate despite the decrease in porosity and pore size. The PSU UF membrane with 0.08g chitosan demonstrated a superior humic acid (HA) rejection rate of 90%, underscoring chitosan's potential for improving polymeric membranes in NOM removal applications.

CONTROL OF THE DEFORMATIONS GENERATED DURING THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF METAL SLITTER CIRCULAR KNIVES

Material science has become increasingly important in recent years, driving the development of new materials for green and sustainable design, and promoting circular economy principles.These innovative materials, composed of a natural fiber reinforcement sourced from renewable origins and a polymematrix, exhibit promising properties, enhancing competitiveness while mitigating pollution associated with traditional materials. Creating a composite material combining abaca and a biobased polymer matrix offers a sustainable alternative to non-recyclable petroleum-based polymers, thereby reducing environmental impact. Bio-Polyethylene reinforced with abaca holds significant potential for various applications across automotive, construction, and sports industries. This study focuses on designing an industrial product tailored to the characteristics of this composite material. Through comprehensive characterization, including mechanical property assessments and simulation-based evaluations, the feasibility of integrating the material into industrial applications, exemplified by a stackable plastic drawer, is demonstrated. The results highlight the viability of using the composite material to develop sustainable industrial products.

High strength chitosan-based nanocomposites with aligned nanosheets and crosslinked networks.

High strength/toughness nanocomposites are increasingly in demand due to the development needs of high-end applications. However, the aggregation and random orientation of nanofillers and the weak crosslinking of the polymer matrix lead to the degradation of the mechanical properties of nanocomposites. Here, we present a strategy to prepare chitosan-based nanocomposites with aligned nanosheets via the in situ photo-crosslinking of modified chitosan. The well-dispersed and highly aligned nanosheets, as well as the dense covalently crosslinked network between the modified chitosan chains, effectively improve the mechanical properties of the prepared nanocomposites. For example, the chitosan-based nanocomposite films exhibit a tensile strength of up to 340.6 ± 13.4 MPa, a Young's modulus of 8.2 ± 0.2 GPa and a toughness of 22.0 ± 2.5 MJ m-3, which are 4.2, 4.8 and 1.8 times higher, respectively, than those of pure chitosan films. Moreover, the thermal decomposition temperature of the chitosan-based nanocomposite films reaches 286.8 °C, which is 48.5 °C higher than that of pure chitosan films. We consider that our strategy, which constructs a crosslinked chitosan structure with aligned nanofillers, could lead to the development and application of the bio-based composites with excellent mechanical properties.

Antibacterial Activity of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Against Staphylococcus aureus in Cellulose Nanofibers from Lignocellulosic Biomass and Glycerol

Lemongrass oil (LGO) has great antimicrobial effects, it increases shelf life as a food coating. Incorporating LGO into cellulose nanofibres (CNFs)-(Glycerol)-(Starch) was done by a mixing procedure and the antibacterial characteristics were evaluated. The interaction of LGO in the composite systems was studied by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microbial analysis by total plate count, antimicrobial by inhibitory zone, film thickness, and by the support of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results indicated that the best composite systems could maintain LGO by 0.15 g at all predetermined cellulose concentrations. Its antibacterial substance can be integrated into a polymer matrix for active coating.

Evaluation of dipole moment of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane compounds.

The aggregation state of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) within a polymer matrix plays a crucial role. Molecular interactions are key driving forces for aggregation, and one of the key physical parameters is the dipole moment (DPM). Quantum calculations such as density functional theory (DFT) calculations can be used to estimate the DPM. However, concerns exist regarding the accuracy of DPM estimates for complex structures. There have been no reports of electrochemical measurement of DPMs of POSS compounds. In this study, we developed a method to measure the DPM using a readily available inductance-capacitance-resistance (LCR) meter and a coaxial cylindrical sample cell, and we successfully measured the DPMs of POSS compounds for the first time. The DPM values obtained by our measuring method using the concentration constant method and the Halverstadt-Kumler method were in close agreement with the values reported in the literature for the known compounds limonene, methyl benzoate, and nitro benzene, indicating that the DPMs of POSS compounds can be measured accurately. It was found that heptaisobutyl-monosubstituted POSS with n-propyl (7B1Pr-POSS) had a DPM of 0 D, with allyl (7B1AL-POSS) it had a DPM of 2.82 D, with 3-aminopropyl (7B1NH2-POSS) it had a DPM of 2.83 D, and with 3-chloropropyl (7B1Cl-POSS) it had a DPM of 3.58 D. The results indicate that the DPM is affected by the organic substituents on the POSS. The DPM values in different solutions were measured. Our method can be used to measure the DPM of POSS compounds with various substituents.

Particle surface engineering at the nano-micro scale interfaces of metal-nonmetal bonded polymeric coatings: experimental and in silico evaluations.

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a well-known and cost-effective synthetic polymer that offers a variety of applications, including medical, food, aerospace, automotive, and material industries, for the construction of structures. However, the weak adhesion, low wear resistance, and mechanical properties of PVA usually limit their functionality and durability. Herein, the strength and bonding of the polymeric matrix were enhanced by metallization and reinforcement of carbonaceous allotropes. The nickel and diamond-containing PVA coating (PVA-Ni-D) was found to be the most wear-resistant coating with the lowest wear rate (7.34 × 10-3 mm3), reduced penetration depth (19.2 μm) and highest scratch hardness (4.92 GPa) compared to the carbon nanotubes (PVA-Ni-CNT) and graphene (PVA-Ni-Gr)-containing composite coatings. The significant enhancement in the wear resistance of the composite coatings was further linked with the contact depth, contact radius and shear stress, as calculated by different theoretical models. The results from the interfacial interaction estimation demonstrated a strong strengthening of the diamond particles with the matrix due to particle-matrix interaction. Meanwhile, the large surface area per unit volume (in the case of CNT and graphene) results in inter-particle interactions, followed by easy sliding of these reinforcements from the matrix, which causes decreased mechanical strength and tribological performance. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to perform electronic structure calculations on the metallized polymeric composite models (two configurations were used), and the in silico research seemed to promote relevant and evocative outputs for the diamond-encapsulated PVA-Ni system. Therefore, the improved strength and bonding of the PVA-Ni-D coating make it a promising composite coating for multi-functional applications in materials industries.

CuO-Fe2O3/calcium alginate-carboxymethylcellulose-chitosan as efficient nanocomposite beads for catalytic reduction of water pollutants

This study involved the synthesis and catalytic activity testing of new nanocomposite beads CuO-Fe2O3/CA-CMC-Cs beads prepared by facile and environmentally friendly approach. CuO-Fe2O3 was prepared and applied for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). The results showed that CuO-Fe2O3 demonstrate high catalytic activity toward the reduction of 4-NP to 4-aminophenol (4-AP). Further, CuO-Fe2O3 were well-dispersed in the polymeric matrix of CA-CMC-Cs to prepare CuO-Fe2O3/CA-CMC-Cs beads via crosslinker agent (AlCl3). CuO-Fe2O3/CA-CMC-Cs beads were also applied for the catalytic reduction of nitrophenol isomers (4-NP, 2-NP, and 2,6-DNP), organic dyes ((methyl orange (MO), eosin yellow (EY)) and potassium hexacyanoferrate K3[Fe(CN)6]. K3[Fe(CN)6], was found to be effectively reduced by the beads and was completed at 30 s.. While the catalytic reduction of 4-NP, EY and MO were completed at 300, 240 and 180 s and the rate constants were discovered to be 1.16 × 10−2 s−1, 1.68 × 10−2 s−1 and 1.51 × 10−2 s−1, respectively. The CuO-Fe2O3/CA-CMC-Cs beads catalytic activity was enhanced utilizing 4-NP as a model molecule. The beads had good catalytic activity and may be reused up to four times before losing their effectiveness. Additionally, the ability of the CuO-Fe2O3/CA-CMC-Cs beads to reduce 4-NP and MO in real samples such as wastewater, orange juice and strawberry juice was investigated where the reduction percentage was 91.5 % ∼ 89.0 % in the real samples. The results demonstrated that the beads were more efficient for reduction of 4-NP and MO in milk, while, in juices required more time and had a lower reduction percentage.

Photocatalytic membranes based on Cu-NH2-MIL-125(Ti) protected by poly(vinylidene fluoride) for high and stable hydrogen production.

A porous, photocatalytically active, and water-stable composite membrane has been developed based on Cu-NH2-MIL-125(Ti), a titanium-based metal-organic framework (MOF) and PVDF polymeric matrix. To tune the structural and functional properties of the PVDF/MOF composites, the loading degree of the MOF within the polymer was systematically varied. The most effective performance of the composite material was achieved with a 10% wt/wt loading of MOF into the PVDF matrix. Analysis of the photoactivity under UV-vis revealed that increasing the MOF content from 1 to 10% led to an improvement in the H2 production rate from 86.0 to 389.1 μmol h-1 m-2 and from 55.5 to 466.0 μmol h-1 m-2 for water-based and AcN-based electrolytes, respectively. Furthermore, the stability of the MOF is significantly improved when incorporated into the PVDF matrix, maintaining its structural integrity even after 20 h of the photoprocess. The SEM images and EDX mapping successfully validate the presence of the MOF within the PVDF matrix following the photoprocess. The study outlines the experimental procedures for synthesizing Cu-NH2-MIL-125(Ti), preparing PVDF composites, and details on the photocatalytic experiments. The practical application of our approach can be further expanded to enhance the photocatalytic performance of PVDF-protected unstable MOFs.

Development of an Ocular Film Containing Ofloxacin in a Chitosan Matrix

Background: Chitosan is a natural polymer that is widely used in pharmaceutical applications owing to its biodegradability and biocompatibility. High molecular weight chitosan, which is commonly found in the market (Sigma Aldrich), is acid soluble and thus limits its application for ocular purposes. Objective: This study aimed to improve the characteristics of high-MW chitosan ocular films by utilizing a water-soluble, low-MW chitosan modifier for the delivery of ofloxacin post-surgery. Methods: Various film formulas were prepared using high-MW chitosan as the main polymer matrix, glycerin and polyethylene glycol 400 as plasticizers, and low-MW chitosan as film modifiers. Glycerine was the best plasticizer that produced a good film appearance when added at an appropriate ratio, 8.33 times the weight of the high MW chitosan (TGc) and 6.25 times the weight of low- and high-MW chitosan blends at (1:1) ratio (MGb). The films were further developed as TGcs and MGbs were cross-linked using sodium tripolyphosphate to control the release of ofloxacin and improve its mechanical characteristics. Water absorption capability, mechanical characteristics, in vitro drug release, and antimicrobial activity were evaluated to determine the film formula. Results: The MGb formula showed the highest water absorption (approximately 230 %), while the lowest was shown by the TGcs formula (approximately 145 %). In contrast, the TGcs formula had the highest film elasticity (141.33±8.81%), and the MGb formula had the lowest (42.55±6.11%). Surprisingly, the best controlled release of ofloxacin for up to 24 h was produced by the MGbs film, which also showed the highest antimicrobial activity. MGbs also showed moderate film characteristics, which are suitable for ocular applications. Conclusion: The research concluded that The addition of water-soluble low-MW chitosan and a cross-linker agent can improve the controlled release and characteristics of chitosan-based ocular films.

Synthesis and Characterization of Metal Particles Using Malic Acid-Derived Polyamides, Polyhydrazides, and Hydrazides.

Malic acid-derived polyamides, polyhydrazides, and hydrazides exhibit strong potential for a variety of biological applications. This study demonstrates the synthesis of cobalt, silver, copper, zinc, and iron particles by a facile chemical reduction approach utilizing malic acid-derived polyamides, polyhydrazides, and hydrazides as stabilizing and reducing agents. Comprehensive characterization of the particles was performed using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDX analysis. The synthesized particles included both zero-valent metals and oxides exhibiting mixed-phase compositions that may influence their functional properties. UV-vis analysis confirmed the formation of particles represented by the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks specific to each metal particle. FTIR spectroscopy revealed the interaction of the metal particles with the polymer matrix owing to the significant contribution of functional groups in the processes of reduction and stabilization. Further structural insights were obtained via X-ray diffraction (XRD), which identified crystalline phases, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which demonstrated uniform morphologies. Additionally, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis provided compositional details, affirming the purity and distribution of metallic elements. These findings highlight the potential of malic acid-derived polymers as versatile agents for nanoparticle synthesis with applications in catalysis, sensing, and biomedical technologies.

Electric and electrochemical studies of polyether based electrolyte for energy application

Electrolytes are the most significant parts or element of energy storage devices. Polymer electrolytes are known for their wide range of application but, the main problem with polymer electrolytes is their low ionic conductivity. This has attracted the researchers to developed different approaches to increase the ionic conductivity of polymers. Preparation of polymer matrix using solution casting techniques was explained. This review, report the various approaches as well as the result obtained by different studies using polyether-based electrolyte which include PEO, PEO/PEG, PPO, PEDGA, PEG, PTMEG etc. by adding different quantity of various salts as a dopant. From the reviewed work, there is significant development of the ionic conductivity reported by different researchers this clearly shows a promising wide application in energy storage devices such as supercapacitor, batteries, fuel cells etc.

Optimization of strength properties of bamboo mesoparticles reinforced polyamide 6 using Box–Behnken approach

Bamboo mesoparticles were used as a viable alternative reinforcement in matrix polymers to produce eco-friendly products, and the alternative mesoparticles were used as reinforcement for cheaper processing methods and comparable mechanical properties as nanoparticle. The main factors that influence the mechanical behavior of natural composites are fiber size, fiber loading, and chemical treatment. This study optimized the blending parameters of bamboo mesoparticle/polyamide 6 composites through response surface methodology based on Box–Behnken design. The predicted strength values for these composites as a function of independent variables were obtained from the analysis of variance statistical approach. The analysis of the results showed that fiber size, fiber loading, and alkali concentration variables significantly in quadratic model terms. This model was used to determine the maximum strength, and it was closely in agreement with the experimental finding with the value of R2 = 0.9385. The optimum conditions for tensile strength were identified as fiber size 1 µm, NaOH of 2 wt.%, and fiber loading of 18 wt.%. The optimum conditions for flexural strength were identified as NaOH of 2 wt.%, particle loading of 13 wt.%, and particle size of 0.46 µm.

Highly Filled Rubber Plastics for Soft Road Surfaces: Effect of a Matrix Composition on the Mechanical Properties

Today, rubber crumb is used as the main component in the compositions for construction of soft road surfaces. This report presents the results of investigations on the mechanical properties of rubber–plastic composites containing 80 and 90 wt % of rubber crumb, based on different polyethylene matrices. It was established that, at high contents of rubber particles, there is no need to control the following characteristics of the matrix polymer to obtain the rubber–plastic composites deformable to at least 150%: the melt flow index, the content of HDPE or LDPE in the mixed matrix. The prospects for using the composites obtained were outlined.

Development of multifunctional polymer composites with high red mud content

Red mud (RM) is one of the large-scale by-products of alumina production, posing significant environmental challenges due to its high alkalinity, toxicity, and substantial accumulation volumes. The object of this study is polymer composite based on styrene-butadiene aqueous dispersion with RM and chamotte (Pa2) as fillers at high concentrations (up to 90 wt. %). The primary problem addressed in this research is finding effective ways to utilize RM as secondary raw material to enhance its recycling efficiency and create multifunctional materials with adjustable properties. The study established that RM has an irregular plate-like structure with a high active surface area, which facilitates the formation of an open porous composite structure, while Pa2 forms a dense matrix due to its aluminosilicate content. Infrared spectral analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups (OH, Si–O, Al–O) that ensure the interaction of fillers with the polymer matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that RM and Pa2 exhibit similar behavior under heating. Mechanical tests revealed that RM-based composites exhibit high plasticity and energy absorption capacity, whereas Pa2-based composites are characterized by greater stiffness and strength (elastic modulus up to 129.8 MPa). The results indicate that the choice of filler type and concentration effectively regulates composite properties. The proposed approach enables the recycling of industrial waste and the development of multifunctional materials suitable for use in construction, protective coatings, and the production of structural elements capable of withstanding significant loads

Exploring the Unique Potential of Bamboo Fiber in Parametric Architecture

Bamboo fiber, known for its tensile strength, flexibility, and sustainability, is a material that presents unique opportunities for parametric architecture. Parametric architecture, which involves using computational design to create complex, often organic forms, requires materials that offer both flexibility and durability while maintaining ecological consciousness. Bamboo fiber stands out due to its lightweight nature, ease of fabrication, and environmental benefits. This research paper explores the applications of bamboo fiber in parametric architectural designs, focusing on its material properties, innovative fabrication techniques, and its potential for sustainable architecture. Integration with digital fabrication are included to demonstrate bamboo fiber's transformative role in modern architecture. Key Words: Bamboo fiber, polymeric composites, sustainability, natural fibers, mechanical properties, bio- based materials, polymer matrix, bamboo composites, renewable resources