Matrix Barcode Research Articles

Rethinking about Tangible Cultural Heritage Like Architect Sinan in The Digital Age: A Synthesis between The Ages

The study is to endeavor to design proposals that will enrich the visiting experience of the architectural sites built by Sinan in line with the desires, needs, and expectations of modern-day visitors, assuming that Architect Sinan lived in today's digital age. Based on the steps of multimedia development method, technology-based recommendations have been developed for three architectural sites: the Süleymaniye Mosque, its cemetery area, and the tomb, all of which were constructed by Sinan. The on-site observation method and observation forms were utilized. Additionally, written sources (such as autobiographies, books, articles, inventories, etc.) and visual sources (documentaries) were consulted to explore Sinan's exceptional personality and construction techniques. Based on the findings from on-site observations, the following stages, enriched with visuals, are proposed as recommendations: designing a large-sized digital book, measuring 1.5x1 meters, where visitors can turn the pages by moving their hands in the air inside the mosque. Developing a matrix barcode system within the cemetery area, containing information about the individuals buried there, including important details about their lives. Creating a virtual reality application and simulation that starts with an audio narration of Sinan's own life story and then guides visitors to his tomb by describing its location.

QR Code Analysis

Abstract: Two-dimensional matrix barcodes called "Quick Response" (QR) are used. It must store much information compared to one-dimensional barcodes, and it must be decrypted quickly using any handheld device, including a smartphone. When creating two-dimensional matrix codes, these two considerations are taken into account. The possibility of security becomes a significant factor when a bar code contains sensitive information or private data Users are unsure of whether a QR code will connect them to reliable information or a malicious website because QR codes are simply square bar codes with a distinctive design. Recently, QR codes have been used in numerous application fields, and their use is growing quickly. As a result, more individuals are becoming acclimated to this technology and using it properly. Due to the QR code's increasing popularity as more people use smartphones, it is swiftly acquiring universal acceptance. Given their broad acceptance, the security aspect of QR codes, such as data leakage and data tampering, is critical. The paper offers a comprehensive overview of QR codes and their applications.

Scan For Notes

Abstract: QR code (abbreviated from Quick Response Code ) is the trademark for a type of matrix bar code first designed for the automotive industry. Today the QR code is widely used in all industries. In our paper we present an implementation of an Android device using libraries is and combined algorithms in order to be able to scan any QR code fast accurate and easy. The devices that we targeted for our application are the Google Glasses and an Android operated phone. The implementation for each of the devices was slight different, but the core algorithms and libraries were the same. Keywords: Generate QR Code for Notes, Android device using libraries

Continuously Multiplexed Ultrastrong Raman Probes by Precise Isotopic Polymer Backbone Doping for Multidimensional Information Storage and Encryption.

Raman-based super multiplexing has attracted great interest in imaging, biological analysis, identity security, and information storage. It still remains a great challenge to synthesize a large number of different Raman-active molecules to fulfill the Raman color palette. Here, we report a facile and systematic strategy to construct continuously multiplexed ultrastrong Raman probes. By precisely incorporating different ratios of 13C isotope into the backbone of poly(deca-4,6-diynedioic acid) (PDDA), we can obtain a library of PDDAs with tunable double-bond Raman frequencies and adjustable intensity ratios of two triple-bond (13C≡13C and 12C≡12C) Raman peaks, while retaining the ultrastrong Raman signals and physicochemical properties of the polymer. We also demonstrate the successful application of 13C-doped PDDAs as security inks to generate a novel 3D matrix barcode system for information encryption and high-density data storage. The isotopically doped PDDA series herein pave a new way to advance Raman-based super multiplexing for diverse applications.

Utilization of 2D Barcode Technology to Create Surgical Pathology Reports

Abstract Introduction/Objective After professional transcription service is eliminated, pathologists inevitably undertake the task of diagnostic data entry into pathology repot by adapting a variety of methods such as speech recognition, manual typing, and pre-texted command. Errors and inefficiency in reporting remain common problems, especially for information with unusual syntax such as genotype or nucleotide sequences. To overcome these shortcomings, we introduce here a novel application of a well-established technology as a complementary method, namely 2- dimensional (2D) barcode symbology. Methods/Case Report Commonly used diagnostic wordings of pathology reports including specimen type, surgical procedure, diagnosis, and test results are collated and organized by organ (specimen type) and by their frequency of usage/occurrence. Next, 2D data matrix barcodes are created for these diagnostic wordings using a on-line tool (www.free-barcode-generator.net/datamatrix/). The 2D barcodes along with their text are displayed on the computer screen (or printed out as a booklet). A 2D barcode scanner (Symbol LS2208, Motorola) was used to retrieve the text information from the barcodes and transfer into the pathology report. To assess the efficacy of this barcode method, we evaluated the time of data entry into reports for 117 routine cases using an on-line stopwatch and compared with those by other data entry methods. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) Unlike manual typing or speech recognition, the barcode method did not introduce typographic or phonosemantic errors since the method simply transferred pre-texted and proof-read text content to report. It was also faster than manual typing or speech recognition, and its speed was comparable to that of the pre-text method integrated in LIS but did not require human memorization of innumerable text commands to retrieve desired diagnosis wordings. Conclusion Our preliminary results demonstrated that the diagnostic data entry time was reduced from 28.5% by other methods to 22.1% by the barcode method although due to the small sample size, statistical analysis was not conclusive.

Recognition of Perspective Distorted QR Codes with a Partially Damaged Finder Pattern in Real Scene Images

QR (Quick Response) codes are one of the most famous types of two-dimensional (2D) matrix barcodes, which are the descendants of well-known 1D barcodes. The mobile robots which move in certain operational space can use information and landmarks from environment for navigation and such information may be provided by QR Codes. We have proposed algorithm, which localizes a QR Code in an image in a few sequential steps. We start with image binarization, then we continue with QR Code localization, where we utilize characteristic Finder Patterns, which are located in three corners of a QR Code, and finally we identify perspective distortion. The presented algorithm is able to deal with a damaged Finder Pattern, works well for low-resolution images and is computationally efficient.

Fabricable Unobtrusive 3D‐QR‐Codes with Directional Light

AbstractQR code is a 2D matrix barcode widely used for product tracking, identification, document management and general marketing. Recently, there have been various attempts to utilize QR codes in 3D manufacturing by carving QR codes on the surface of the printed 3D shape. Nevertheless, significant shape editing and modulation may be required to allow readability of the embedded 3D‐QR‐codes with good decoding accuracy. In this paper, we introduce a novel QR code 3D fabrication framework aimed at unobtrusive embedding of 3D‐QR‐codes in the shape hence introducing minimal shape modulation. Essentially, our method computes bi‐directional carvings in the 3D shape surface to obtain the black‐and‐white QR pattern. By using a directional light source, the black‐and‐white QR pattern emerges as lighted and shadow casted blocks on the shape respectively. To account for minimal modulation and elusiveness, we optimize the QR code carving w.r.t. shape geometry, visual disparity and light source position. Our technique employs a simulation of lighting phenomena through carved modules on the shape to ensure adequate contrast of the printed 3D‐QR‐code.

DATA COMPRESSION IN BLACK-GRAY-WHITE BARCODING

Context. In this paper the authors propose a method for data compression to be used for presenting information in the form of 2D matrix barcode. The proposed method is based on both a structural-logical approach and using three colors in a barcode instead of two colors as it is in standard black-and-white barcodes. This approach allows to increase data density keeping the same area as bicolor barcodes take. In the paper authors present the data compression method and demonstrate the barcoding technology.Objective. The goal of the work is to develop a method of data barcoding that would allow to encode more information in the form of 2D matrix barcode.Method. The method of tricolor matrix barcoding with compression is proposed. The main idea of the method is to compress input textual information on the stage of alphanumeric sequence transformation into a set of barcode patterns, which will form a resulting barcode symbol. It is possible due to intermediate transformation of input characters from initial notation, which is determined by cardinality of an input alphabet, to a notation defined by cardinality of barcode patterns alphabet. Choice of the input alphabet influences overall compression, and it is an important step of the method to choose the initial alphabets for the textual information to be encoded. Use of three colors over standard two colors is also an important component for creating a barcode symbol with increased informational density. As ternary notation is used, the second transformation from the intermediate notation to the ternary one provides more compression. The proposed method allows to represent more textual data in a single barcode symbol than bicolor barcoding approaches do.Results. The method of tricolor matrix barcoding with compression has been developed and described. Authors provided an example of the method implementation on test data that had been barcoded using the method.Conclusions. The experiments conducted for this research have confirmed that the proposed method provides more informational density as compared with black-and-white matrix barcodes. The prospects for further research might include studying noise immunity issue in order to guarantee error-free scanning and increased reliability of the barcode, and extending the barcoding software to be used in any alphabet.

TOTP Based Authentication Using QR Code For Gateway Entry System

In today’s scenario, there are various ways the attackers can gain access to secure information and use it for their own benefit. In this paper, we aim to improve the gateway entry system by providing more security. This system involves the use of TOTP (Time-Based One-Time Password) with QR (Quick Response) code. A QR code is a 2D matrix barcode where a large amount of information can be stored in a compact manner. TOTP is a temporary password that is active for a short duration of time. For every 30 seconds, an OTP is generated. A QR code is generated which contains the TOTP. The QR code is scanned and the server checks the TOTP generated on the server-side. If this TOTP matches with the TOTP in the QR code then the user is allowed to enter. This method increases the security of the system and prevents unauthorized access.

Use of QR codes for enhancing access to library resources and services: a case study of IIT Gandhinagar library

The Quick Reference (QR) Code is the trademark for two-dimensional barcode (or matrix barcode). This code system has become a popular technology in the present era because of its fast readability and greater storage capacity compared to the standard barcode. The QR code is a multidimensional barcode with various colour, size, and shapes. The main goal of this code is to direct communities to particular products or resources through links. Quick Response Code is, usually developed, for product promotion like the barcodes. This paper attempts to present a quick overview of the technology and how libraries adopted it early, to promote their resources and services. IIT Gandhinagar library has been one of the early users of this technology for promoting its services amongst its user community. It has adopted and demonstrated the benefits of this technology by applying it to over a dozen areas of library services. Because of its ease of use and speed, it has been observed that during the last two-three years, acceptance and use of this technology among the current generation of students has gone up for retrieving and downloading information. In fact, more number of students have been asking for applying QR in other areas of library services. Authors present here a successful case study of how QR code technology has been implemented at IIT Gandhinagar Library on Android-based mobile phones and how it has now become a part of the routine application for enhancing access to library resources and services.

High-Throughput Digitisation of Natural History Specimens

The Natural History Museum, London (NHM) has embarked on an ambitious Digital Collections Programme to digitise its collections. One aim of the programme has been to improve the workflows and infrastructure needed to support high-throughput digitisation and create comprehensive digital inventories of large scientific collections. Pilot projects have been carried out for a variety of collection types, from which high-throughput imaging workflows have been developed and refined. These workflows have focused on pinned insect specimens (Blagoderov et al. 2012, Paterson et al. 2016, Blagoderov et al. 2017, Price et al. 2018), microscope slides (whole slide and specimen imaging; Allan et al. 2018, Allan et al. 2019) and herbarium sheets. The rate and time taken to digitise specimens is influenced by a number of factors that include, among others, the level of preparation and post-processing required, imaging approach, the type of specimens as well as the complexity and condition of the collection. As part of this presentation we will include information on the rate, cost and time to digitise various NHM collections, illustrating how our processes have improved digitisation efficiency and allowed us to maintain quality. The programme has run a variety of digitisation projects, gathering data about rates of digitisation (preparation, imaging, transcription etc.) and developing improvements. Collection types such as microscope slides and herbarium sheets lend themselves to higher imaging rates, while other collections such as pinned insects, which require greater amounts of specimen handling to remove labels, tend to have lower imaging rates (Fig. 1). In order to increase efficiency, we have developed approaches that minimise specimen handling. For example, workflows for pinned insects such as the Angled Label Image Capture and Extraction (ALICE) do not require the removal of specimen labels from the pin as the system can capture angled images of the labels, thus increasing the imaging rate three-fold (Fig. 1). Another approach taken is to semi-automate mass digitisation using a combination of temporary and permanent Data Matrix barcode labels (Allan et al. 2019). By using multiple barcodes at the imaging stage to encode information associated with each specimen (i.e. unique identifier, location in the collection, taxonomic name, type status etc.; Fig. 2), we can run a series of automated processes, including file renaming, image processing and bulk import into the Museum’s collection management system. Through adaptation of our workflows with this new approach we have increased the efficiency of digitisation processes, illustrating how simple activities, like automated file renaming, reduces image post-processing time, minimises human error and can be applied across multiple collection types.

3D printed perforated QR codes

QR codes are machine-readable optical 2D matrix barcodes which can be easily displayed physically on printed media or digitally on a screen. In recent years, artists and researchers have paid much attention to beautify and enhance QR codes with visual features beyond their plain standard format. We propose a novel method for carving a QR code on a surface in a perforated manner and fabricating it with single material via ordinary 3D printing techniques. However, it is nontrivial to directly fabricate such artistic QR codes because there are a large amount of disconnected components and small details that are difficult to be fully realized. To this end, the embedded information must be consistent and the 3D printed QR code should be readable with standard decoders, like mobile phones. With the original code, we introduce a QR evaluator to estimate its readability and then optimize the code in terms of the printability and robustness. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques with a wide range of examples printed with homogeneous materials via consumer-level 3D printers.

Matrix Barcode Based Secure Authentication without Trusting Third Party

The user creates a JavaScript-enabled bookmark file once and opens this file to generate a QR code every time to use secure servers. The mobile device generates a secret to encrypt his/her credentials and saves it so that the browser can be accessed, thus enabling him/her to log onto secure servers.

Binary tree-inspired digital dendrimer

Digital polymers with precisely ordered units acting as the coded 0- or 1-bit, are introduced as a promising option for molecular data storage. However, the pursuit of better performance in terms of high storage capacity and useful functions never stops. Herein, we propose a concept of an information-coded 2D digital dendrimer. The divergent growth via thiol-maleimide Michael coupling allows precise arrangements of the 0- and 1-bits in the uniform dendrimers. A protocol for calculating the storage capacity of non-linear binary digital dendrimer is established based on data matrix barcode, generated by the tandem mass spectrometry decoding and encryption. Furthermore, the generated data matrix barcode can be read by a common hand-held device to cater the applications such as item identification, traceability and anticouterfeiting purpose. This work demonstrates the high data storage capacity of a uniform dendrimer and uncovers good opportunities for the digital polymers.

A Watermarking Technique to Secure Printed Matrix Barcode—Application for Anti-Counterfeit Packaging

Counterfeiting of consumer goods is a critical problem which causes various negative impacts for consumers, enterprises and the whole economic ecosystem. Anti-counterfeit labels and packaging is one of the main solutions to help enterprises protect their brand against this concern. In this paper, we introduced a novel watermarking technique, which embeds a particular random micro-texture into a matrix barcode and transforms this one into a security layer for making packaging anti-counterfeited. The secured matrix barcode is hard to be reproduced by counterfeiters. In fact, any degradations caused by the counterfeiting process will change the statistical behaviors of the embedded micro-texture. Statistical detectors based on the hypothesis testing framework are also introduced to classify authentic and counterfeited printed barcodes. Experimental results confirm the usability and the effectiveness of the proposed anti-counterfeiting solution.

The Matrix Barcode Application in One-way Data Transmission of a Closed System

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Fabrication of Two-Dimensional Arrays of Fluorescent Centers in Single-Crystalline Diamond Using Particle Beam Writing

Micrometer-scale patterning was performed using the particle beam writing technique with a focused heavy-ion microbeam, allowing the creation of a unique two-dimensional distribution of fluorescent centers in single-crystalline diamond. The focused nitrogen microbeam was scanned over the target of single-crystalline diamond prepared by chemical vapor deposition to create nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers at defined positions. Imaging using a custom-built confocal fluorescence microscopy system revealed that the desired NV distribution was generated in the target crystal with a spatial resolution similar to the beam resolution. A two-dimensional matrix barcode test pattern was successfully generated in a diamond substrate to demonstrate the encryption of information inside a solid-state target.

Comparing the impact of different cameras and image resolution to recognize the data matrix codes

Abstract Data matrix codes are two-dimensional (2D) matrix bar codes, which are the descendants of the well known 1D bar codes. However, compared to 1D bar codes, they allow to store much more information in the same area. Comparing data matrix codes with QR codes, for example, we find them much more effective in marking small objects or in the case that you have only a very small area for placing a code in. Their capacity and ability of decoding also a code that is partly damaged make them an appropriate solution for industrial applications. In the following paper we compare the impact of various cameras on the detection and decoding of data matrix codes in real scene images. The location of the code is based on the fact that typical bordering of a data matrix code forms a region of connected points which create “L”, the so-called finder pattern, and the parallel dotting, the so-called timing pattern. In the first step, we try to locate the finder pattern using adaptive thresholding and connecting neighbouring points to continuous regions. Then we search for the regions where 3 outer boundary points form a isosceles right triangle that could represent the finder pattern. In the second step, we have to verify the timing pattern. We look for an even number of crossings between the background and foreground. Experimental results show that the algorithm we have proposed provides better results than competitive solutions.

Nanosecond laser direct-part marking of data matrix symbols on titanium alloy substrates

In the application of laser marking, the biggest challenge is that machine-readable barcodes with superior quality were not marked consistently. To solve this problem, laser direct-part marking Data Matrix barcode experiments were carried out on titanium alloy substrates, using a Q-switched light-pumped Nd:YAG laser. The microstructure of the symbols was analyzed using an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The internal micro-stresses of the marked areas were analyzed using X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The influence of the pulse frequency on the symbol contrast is analyzed. Results showed the interaction between the laser and the titanium alloy can be found. This can further explain the physical mechanism of laser direct part marking Data Matrix symbols on titanium alloy substrates.

Embedding QR codes onto B-spline surfaces for 3D printing

Recent advance of Additive Manufacturing technologies allows us to manufacture various parts used in real-world products. Consequently, product tracking of such 3D printed parts is an important issue. Quick Response (QR) code which is a two-dimensional matrix barcode invented by Denso, a Japanese automotive industry, in 1994, can be used for this purpose. It can store more data than the 1D barcode in a smaller space, and using a smartphone as a scanner, one can directly visit a website where all the information of the parts is stored. However, QR codes require secondary procedures to add them to products and are also vulnerable to wear and tear. Moreover, QR codes cannot be added to freeform surfaces, but only to developable surfaces. In this paper we propose a novel technique to embed QR codes onto CAD models consisting of freeform surfaces represented by B-spline surfaces, which produces 3D QR codes. 3D QR codes work similar to 2D QR codes and can be read by existing QR scanners, but are designed by grooving the surface to obtain light and dark regions caused by ambient occlusion. Unlike conventional QR codes, 3D QR codes do not fall off from the part and can even be painted if necessary. Furthermore, we do not need to prepare dark-colored and light-colored materials for 3D printing as the dark color is provided by the grooving. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique with various examples.