Matrix Analysis Method Research Articles

Genre Analysis based on Principal Component Analysis and Random Forest

When you listen to music, have you ever noticed that some songs are similar to the other while some are quite different? Maybe this is a universal phenomenon, however, our work try to provide fascinating insights into the characteristics and development of music. We create the adjacency matrix of 5603 musical artists to demonstrate the relationship between them, then we draw a subnetwork to show the connection between the influencers and the followers of Classical music in the 1930s. After that, we try to quantify the influences and similarities between these artists, using the adjacency matrix and principal component analysis (PCA) method, and establishing two indicators: ‘influence’ and ‘dissimilarities’. To test the practicability of the previous indicators, we apply them to analyze the genres of music, including the a comparison of influences and similarities between and within genres, the developing process of genres and the relationship of different genres. Especially, we use the random forest method to work out what distinguishes a genre. We find that artists within genre are statitically more similar to artists between genre.

我国西南喀斯特地区2001—2018年植被净初级生产力时空演变

植被净初级生产力（Net primary productivity，NPP）是陆地生态系统碳循环的重要指标，定量评价NPP的变化规律是碳循环机理的主要研究内容之一。以我国西南地区为研究区域，基于土地覆盖和NPP产品分析了2001-2018年西南地区NPP的时空变化特征，利用土地转移矩阵和统计分析方法，定量描述了土地覆盖类型变化导致的NPP变化量，对NPP变化的主要原因进行分析。结果表明：（1）2001-2018年，西南地区NPP均值呈波动上升趋势。（2） NPP变化趋势在空间分布上呈南高北低，NPP呈增长趋势主要集中在四川的中东部、重庆、贵州西部和云南东部；NPP呈减少趋势出现在云南、四川中西部和贵州东部。（3）森林、草地和耕地转灌丛以及灌丛转森林是对NPP变化量影响较大的土地覆盖类型转变，土地类型转变导致的NPP净增量为20.643 TgC。（4）降水与NPP相关性低，气温与NPP有一定相关性，植被叶面积指数与NPP有显著相关关系，表明气候因子对NPP的影响较小，植被生长密度对NPP有显著影响。退耕还林还草等生态工程实施，导致耕地面积减少和森林面积大量增加，是西南地区NPP上升的主导因素，因此生态工程的实施是西南地区NPP增加的重要影响因素。研究可为生态工程实施背景下NPP的变化机理研究提供参考。;Net primary productivity (NPP) of vegetation is an important indicator of the carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems. Quantitative evaluation of the changing law of NPP is one of the main research contents of carbon cycle mechanism. This article analyzes the spatiotemporal changes of NPP in southwest China from 2001 to 2018 based on land cover and NPP products. We use land transfer matrix and statistical analysis methods to quantitatively describe the amount of NPP change caused by land cover changes and analyze the main reasons for the NPP changes. The results showed that:(1) from 2001 to 2018, the average value of the NPP in the southwest China presented a fluctuating upward trend. (2) The spatial distribution of NPP showed a high in the south and a low in the north. NPP showed a growing trend, mainly in the central and eastern parts of Sichuan, Chongqing, western Guizhou, and eastern Yunnan; NPP indicated a decreasing trend in Yunnan, central and western Sichuan and eastern Guizhou. (3) The conversion of forests, grasslands, and the cultivated land to shrubs and shrubs to forests were land cover types that had a greater impact on the amount of NPP changes. The net increase in NPP caused by land type conversions is 20.643 TgC. (4) The correlation between precipitation and NPP is low. There is some correlation between air temperature and NPP and the vegetation leaf area index has a significant correlation with NPP, indicating that climatic factors have a small impact on NPP, and vegetation growth density has a significant impact on NPP. The implementation of ecological projects such as returning farmland to forest and grassland has led to a decrease in cultivated land and a substantial increase in forest area, which is the leading factor in the NPP increase. This study can provide a reference for the change mechanism of NPP under the background of ecological engineering implementation.

Developing Guideline for Risk Management of Tunnel Construction in Ethiopia

This paper is concerned with the current tunnel practices in Ethiopia, the main challenges and risks which were associated with tunneling, risk assessment and controlling measures. In this paper the qualitative risk analysis is performed based on the surveyed data from the tunnel experts and other professionals participated on the tunneling work. The qualitative risk analysis has been conducted as an input for the risk matrix analysis method. The qualitative analysis incorporates risk identification, risk classification, risk ranking, risk responding and risk monitoring mechanism. So, based on the qualitative analysis made and the result, those risks which occurred in the tunneling phase are ranked and controlling mechanism is developed. Accordingly, a guideline of risk management for tunneling work has been developed by referring different standards and based on the current tunnel practices in Ethiopia. The study helps to easily understand the most risks which are associated with tunneling and the risk controlling mechanism. This gives guidance to those who will be participated in the tunnel project for tunneling risk management throughout the entire project implementation.

Stability Analysis of Discrete Time-Delay Singularly Perturbed Uncertainty Control Systems

The stability of discrete control systems with time delay, singular perturbation and uncertainty was studied. With a designed new Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, based on the cross term defined technique, the linear matrix analysis method and the related lemmas, and furthermore, according to the Lyapunov stability theory, the asymptotic stability of the system in the entire interval from zero to the singularly perturbed upper bound was derived in the time-delay-dependent case. Then the sufficient stability criterion was given, which was deepened and generalized to deduce the linearized inferences, and solved with the MATLAB toolbox. The example illustrates the superiority and feasibility of the obtained method.

Normalization Influence on ANN-Based Models Performance: A New Proposal for Features’ Contribution Analysis

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are weighted directed graphs of interconnected neurons widely employed to model complex problems. However, the selection of the optimal ANN architecture and its training parameters is not enough to obtain reliable models. The data preprocessing stage is fundamental to improve the model’s performance. Specifically, Feature Normalisation (FN) is commonly utilised to remove the features’ magnitude aiming at equalising the features’ contribution to the model training. Nevertheless, this work demonstrates that the FN method selection affects the model performance. Also, it is well-known that ANNs are commonly considered a “black box” due to their lack of interpretability. In this sense, several works aim to analyse the features’ contribution to the network for estimating the output. However, these methods, specifically those based on network’s weights, like Garson’s or Yoon’s methods, do not consider preprocessing factors, such as dispersion factors , previously employed to transform the input data. This work proposes a new features’ relevance analysis method that includes the dispersion factors into the weight matrix analysis methods to infer each feature’s actual contribution to the network output more precisely. Besides, in this work, the Proportional Dispersion Weights (PWD) are proposed as explanatory factors of similarity between models’ performance results. The conclusions from this work improve the understanding of the features’ contribution to the model that enhances the feature selection strategy, which is fundamental for reliably modelling a given problem.

ФІНАНСОВІ АСПЕКТИ РЕКОНСТРУКЦІЇ, БУДІВНИЦТВА І ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЇ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ВОДОПОСТАЧАННЯ ТА ВОДОВІДВЕДЕННЯ УКРАЇНИ

UDC 332.02:336.6; JEL Classification: G 31 Purpose. The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical and methodical foundations of financing the reconstruction, construction, operation of water supply and drainage enterprises from the standpoint of research of promising areas for reforming the water supply and drainage services sector in Ukraine. Methodology of research. The following methods were used in the research. The analytical method was used to determine the operational indicators of wastewater treatment in Ukraine. The observation and generalization were relevance for systematize information on sources of financing projects for the reconstruction of wastewater treatment objects in Ukraine. The method of strategic matrix analysis was applied for assessing the modern state of water supply and drainage enterprises activity in the industry context. The system-structural approach was used to highlight the directions of reforming of water supply and drainage enterprises in management system of this industry. Findings. The research considers actual financial aspects of reconstruction, construction and operation of water supply and drainage enterprises in Ukraine. In particular, the sources of financing of wastewater treatment reconstruction projects in Ukraine were analyzed in the context of investment at the state, corporate and other investment levels. A strategic analysis of water supply and drainage enterprises activities in the industry context was carried out using SWOT Matrix as a tool for further building a reform strategy. An enlarged list of directions for reforming the water supply and drainage services sector by technical, technological, natural, socio-economic, political and legal components is proposed. Originality. The theoretical and methodical approach to financing objects of reconstruction, construction and operation of water supply and drainage of Ukraine within the activities of water supply and drainage enterprises was further developed by identifying the reforming directions of designated sphere by technical, technological, natural, socio-economic and political-legal components, the details of which are based on the results of strategic analysis. Practical value. The results of the research can be used as guidelines for the development of regional and local programs for the reconstruction, construction and operation of water supply and drainage enterprises.

Detection of land cover changes in Baluchistan (shared between Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan) using the MODIS Land Cover Product

Land use and land cover (LULC) changes have been one of the most important and persistent factors recently causing changes in the Earth’s land. The present study aimed to detect land use and land cover (LULC) changes in Baluchistan, in Southwestern Asia, which is shared by the three countries of Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan, using satellite remote-sensing products. To this end, the global land cover classification provided for a period of 13 years from 2001 to 2013 by the MODIS Land Cover Type product (MCD12Q1) was used. The changes and dynamics of different land cover classes were investigated using net change analysis and cross-tabulating matrix analysis methods. The net change analysis showed that the most area of Baluchistan is covered by the barren or sparsely vegetated land cover (about 82%) and the shrubland (about 16%) classes. The dynamics analysis of different land cover classes also indicated that there were almost mutually inverse relationships between the different land cover classes in Baluchistan. Such mutual relationships were most common between the following pair classes: shrublands—bare and non-vegetated lands; grasslands—bare and non-vegetated land classes; croplands—bare and non-vegetated lands classes; and shrublands—grasslands. The most unstable land cover classes in this territory were forests, Savannas, and grassland classes. Also, the analysis of land cover changes in the period 2001–2013 provided no clear and accurate evidence of desertification and land degradation at this spatial scale in Baluchistan.

Multi-Camera-Based Universal Measurement Method for 6-DOF of Rigid Bodies in World Coordinate System.

The measurement of six-degrees-of-freedom (6-DOF) of rigid bodies plays an important role in many industries, but it often requires the use of professional instruments and software, or has limitations on the shape of measured objects. In this paper, a 6-DOF measurement method based on multi-camera is proposed, which is accomplished using at least two ordinary cameras and is made available for most morphological rigid bodies. First, multi-camera calibration based on Zhang Zhengyou’s calibration method is introduced. In addition to the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of cameras, the pose relationship between the camera coordinate system and the world coordinate system can also be obtained. Secondly, the 6-DOF calculation model of proposed method is gradually analyzed by the matrix analysis method. With the help of control points arranged on the rigid body, the 6-DOF of the rigid body can be calculated by the least square method. Finally, the Phantom 3D high-speed photogrammetry system (P3HPS) with an accuracy of 0.1 mm/m was used to evaluate this method. The experiment results show that the average error of the rotational degrees of freedom (DOF) measurement is less than 1.1 deg, and the average error of the movement DOF measurement is less than 0.007 m. In conclusion, the accuracy of the proposed method meets the requirements.

Industry 4.0: Is Indonesia Ready?

Developed countries are racing to propose new concept of technology revolution that will bring more benefit to human life. In industrial level, the concept of industry 4.0 has been introduced and applied by most developed countries. Meanwhile, the developing countries are preparing themselves to adopt this new concept and increase their competitiveness in the global market. Indonesia is not excluded from this euphoria. However a lack of regional economic study becomes barrier, especially the readiness of Indonesia to adopt industry 4.0 remains a big question. This study aims to provide a descriptive analysis of Indonesia readiness for industry 4.0 based on its economic and information communication and technology (ICT) development at provincial level. Data visualization and regional economic portfolio matrix analysis method were employed to analyze secondary data from various valid and reliable sources. Jakarta, East Java, West Java, Central Java, Riau, Banten, South Sulawesi and East Kalimantan becomes the most promising provinces with gross regional domestic product and ICT development index above average. Meanwhile, North Sumatra has gross regional domestic product above the average but ICT development index below the average. Reversely, provinces like West Sumatra, South Kalimantan, North Sulawesi, West Papua, Bali, Riau Islands, Yogyakarta and North Kalimantan have ICT development index above the average but gross regional domestic product below the average. The other provinces out of those that are already mentioned still need to spend more effort to increase its economic performance and ICT development within their region.

Extracting the Meaning Order of Alley [Case Study: Historical Context of Sari City Center

The present study is an attempt to find out conceptual and fondumental aspects of alley meaning in the context of Sari historical city center. In this research the considered environment is the allies of historical center context of Sari city. This research tries to discover the hidden meaning system behind the current behaviors and activities in the alleys of this area. This research is based on Exploratory factor analysis research method which is one of the branches of correlation research method and is calculated by using covariance matrix method of analysis. The results of this study showed that there is a collection of meaning components which are working as a network in the final model. The study identified 17 components that were categorized into four main systems: individual social position, individual internal feelings, cultural relationships, and tradition. This paper concludes that the proposed model carefully shows the meanings regulation of the historical fabric of alleys.

Observing the Characteristics of Multi-Activity Trip Chain and Its Influencing Mechanism

Understanding mechanism of daily activity trip chain especially multi-activity trip chain is significant for travel demand management and urban redevelopment. This paper explores the multi-activity trip chain behavior from both individual attributes and spatial attributes. Multiactivity trip chain is identified from people’s full-day travel diaries, then categorized into multi-activity intermittent trip chain and continuous trip chain to distinguish the characteristics and influencing factors of different chains. Using resident travel survey data of Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou, China, multinomial logistic regression model, transition probability matrix and activity analysis methods are employed to make analyses. Findings include: 1) making multi-activity trip chain can achieve multiple purposes with less average travel time for each purpose, but public transit is less used. 2) The choices of single or multi-activity trip chain and multi-activity intermittent or continuous trip chain are mainly affected by different individual attributes such as occupation, education, household income, etc. Moreover, household registration, driver’s license, gender, and household car ownership are related to the choice of activity sequence. 3) For typical trip chain with purposes of work, shopping/dining, and home, activity sequence is also obviously influenced by spatial distance between origin and destination, especially for the chain of work-shopping/dining-home.

Stability Analysis of Constant Current-Controlled Primary-Side Regulation Flyback Converter

In low power applications, primary-side regulation (PSR) flyback converter with discontinuous conduction modulation (DCM) mode is widely used to realize constant output current for its simple structure and low cost. In peak current control method, the output current can be predicted from the primary peak current, demagnetization time, and switching period. Based on the current prediction, a pulsewidth modulation (PWM) mode and a pulse frequency modulation (PFM) mode are used. However, as the output current cannot be sampled directly in PSR flyback converter, traditional small-signal modeling method based on the control and output variables cannot be used. Moreover, there is no stability analysis for these constant current (CC)-controlled PSR flyback converters. In this article, a discrete matrix analysis method is proposed to analyze the stability of CC-controlled PSR flyback converter. An iterative matrix of the control and output variable perturbations is obtained, and the stability can be acquired from the eigenvalues. Oscillation occurs in the above PWM mode, and a stable control is realized in PFM mode. An improved PWM mode is thus proposed and analyzed for stable control. The analysis is verified in a PSR flyback converter with 1.92 A.

Strategizing for The Competitiveness of Branches and Enterprises of Industry in The Spatial Development of The Region

The issues related to developing the industrial complex of a particular region or country in terms of the need to increase competitiveness in the modern conditions of economic instability have been discussed in the article. The synthesis of methods of strategic matrix and factor analysis with data sampling and consideration for the Kaiser normalization criterion is the methodological basis of the work. In particular, the methods include procedures for determining weighting factors based on the comprehensive ranking of expert estimates using the simplex method with bringing the initial data to the linear programming problem. The authors have made the conclusions that allow, using a specific example, to determine the strategic positions of enterprises and industries in the region, outlining possible paths to increase competitiveness.

Low-SNR Microseismic Detection Using DirectP-Wave Arrival Polarization

ABSTRACTDetection and analysis of small magnitude events is valuable for better characterization and understanding of reservoirs in addition to developing strategies for mitigating induced seismicity. Three-component (3C) receivers, which are now widely used, are commonly deployed in boreholes to provide continuous seismic data amenable to novel and powerful analysis. Using multicomponent continuous records of ground motion, we utilize two principal features of the direct P-wave arrival: (1) linearity and (2) polarization in the direction along the ray path to the source region to detect small magnitude events undetectable by conventional methods. We evaluate the linearity of polarization and direction of arrival in the time and frequency domains by introducing the spectral matrix analysis method and combine them into a scalar characteristic function that is thresholded for event detection purposes. We boost the signal-to-noise ratio by stacking characteristic functions obtained at different 3C receivers along an empirical moveout of a master event known to have occurred in an area of interest. This allows us to detect smaller events and spatially tie them to a relatively small area around the large event. We apply our method to field data recorded at the Groningen gas field in the Netherlands. Our method detects all catalog events as well as several previously undetected events.

A Structural Analysis Method for Cable-Beam Composite Structure

A structural analysis method is proposed in this paper for cable-beam composite structure with a large number of cable elements; it can improve computational efficiency and accuracy. Firstly, we use a structural division method to divide the whole cable-beam structure into inner cablenet system and edge cablenet-beam system. Because inner cablenet is a pure cablenet structure with given shape and topology, balance matrix analysis method is used to help obtain the best pretension distribution of it with the evenness as objective. For edge cablenet-beam system, with obtaining equilibrium forces of inner cablenet’s pretensions as goal, an iterative pretension losses compensation calculation combined with nonlinear finite element method and balance matrix analysis method is used for edge cablenet to adjust its pretension distribution and make the whole cablenet system keep its preset ideal shape under influence of beams’ deformations. Because edge cablenet-beam system has a lot less cable elements than overall structure, its nonlinear finite element calculations are much easier and faster than those for the whole cable-beam composite structure. In order to verify the above method’s validity, it is used for a spaceborne cablenet deployable antenna example, and the computed results indicate that the method is feasible.

Model Analysis and System Parameters Investigation for Transient Wave in a Pump–Pipe–Valve System

The frequency responses of the transient wave propagating in a pump–pipe–valve system are studied with the system transfer matrix analysis (STMA) method. Being different to that in the reservoir–pipe–valve system, the transient wave is used as a long-distance communication technology in the pump–pipe–valve system, and very few works have been done on the model analysis and strategies to control the behavior of the oscillation signal of the pipe pressure. The theoretic solutions are studied with three internal friction models: frictionless, steady friction, and unsteady friction. The dimensionless parameter of the valve signal intensity (VSI) is proposed, and it is found to be a key factor affecting the quality of the wave propagation in the pipe. A larger pressure oscillation at the upstream side results when the VSI is smaller than one, whereas a more uniform amplitude for the resonances and anti-resonances is obtained when VSI approaches one. Some feasible suggestions are provided to obtain high quality wave signals.

Turing Instability and Amplitude Equation of Reaction-Diffusion System with Multivariable

In this paper, we investigate pattern dynamics with multivariable by using the method of matrix analysis and obtain a condition under which the system loses stability and Turing bifurcation occurs. In addition, we also derive the amplitude equation with multivariable. This is an effective tool to investigate multivariate pattern dynamics. The example and simulation used in this paper validate our theoretical results. The method presented is a novel approach to the investigation of specific real systems based on the model developed in this paper.

A knowledge reduction approach for linguistic concept formal context

Formal concept analysis (FCA) has been widely studied as an important tool for data processing and knowledge discovery. The present work focuses on FCA under uncertainty while the attributes are described with linguistic terms or attribute description are incomplete. Accordingly, a linguistic concept formal context is introduced first. With an attempt of knowledge reduction, the multi-granularity similarity relationship between linguistic concepts is defined on the basis of granular computing which further divides the linguistic concept set into three parts under λ-granularity (i.e., core linguistic concept, unnecessary linguistic concept, and relative necessary linguistic concept). A multi-granularity linguistic reduction algorithm of incomplete linguistic concept formal context is then introduced. To handle the incompleteness, a new algorithm to complete the incomplete linguistic concept formal context based on the closeness degree between fuzzy objects is proposed. Finally, based on the Boolean matrix and Boolean factor analysis method, the linguistic concept knowledge reduction algorithm to extract the core linguistic concept and reduce the scale of linguistic concept lattice is proposed to handle the complexity, which is achieved by computing the similarity of linguistic concept knowledge in order to handle different types of linguistic information and concept knowledge. The effectiveness and practicability of the proposed model are illustrated by examples.

Decision making on the direction of investment in the development of separate parameters of agricultural equipment

The object of research is the process of self-financing, as a leading direction in the system of investment support for the development of business entities. One of the most problematic places in resolving this issue is prioritizing these investments.During the study, the statistical method is used to analyze and summarize statistical information and the methods of cluster analysis and k-means to classify the main groups of indicators of technical and operational and economic and marketing parameters for the use of agricultural machinery. As well as methods of matrix analysis and multidimensional spaces – for the positioning of enterprises and the rationale for the choice of investment areas.The paper proposes theoretical and methodological principles and conclusions, which together solve an important practical problem – the need to search for areas of investment in the development of individual parameters of agricultural machinery. The analysis of the state and characteristics of the activities of agricultural engineering enterprises of Ukraine is made. The necessity of breakthrough development of the machine-building sector of the agro-industrial complex is emphasized. It is noted that most of the Ukrainian enterprises producing agricultural machinery have outdated equipment, so they need re-equipment and significant financial injections. When classifying the priority areas of investment, it is found that agricultural machinery, which is now produced by Ukrainian engineering enterprises, needs to be completely changed. Therefore, a list of stages for the selection of areas for improving tractor equipment is proposed. The proposed approach to determining the priority of investing provides for the classification of quality indicators according to the priority of their improvement according to a certain algorithm. The investment areas are evaluated and it is established that the final decision on investing in the development of certain parameters of agricultural machinery can be made by improving only those indicators of a certain group that were obtained using clustering.Due to the simplicity of the proposed approach, it can be applied not only for agricultural engineering, but also for other enterprises of the economic complex of Ukraine. Compared with similar well-known approaches, its use will allow more accurate research and obtain the necessary data for targeted investment in the face of limited funds.

不确定时滞摄动滤波误差动态系统的稳定性分析

With the Lyapunov stability theory, the linear matrix inequality method, the time delay piecewise analysis method, the matrix analysis method and the free weight matrix method, the stability of singularly perturbed filter error dynamic systems with time-varying delays and uncertain structures was studied on the basis of the previous filter design theory. Through construction of a new Lyapunov function, with a new cross-term definition method and according to the system characteristics, a new criterion for stability of filter error dynamic systems in 2 cases of time delay dependence and time delay independence was derived. Finally, the selected numerical example illustrates the effectiveness and feasibility of the obtained results.