Mathematical Sciences Research Articles

Professor Alexandru Șubă on his 70th birthday

Alexandru Șubă is University Professor, Doctor Habilitatus in Mathematical and Physical Sciences. He is a Moldovan mathematician and a remarkable leader of the Moldovan School of Differential Equations, who contributed a lot to the qualitative theory of differential equations and to the education of new generations of highly-qualified specialists. On December 2, 2023, Professor Alexandru Șubă celebrated his 70th anniversary.

Professor Alexandru Șubă on his 70th birthday

Alexandru Șubă is University Professor, Doctor Habilitatus in Mathematical and Physical Sciences. He is a Moldovan mathematician and a remarkable leader of the Moldovan School of Differential Equations, who contributed a lot to the qualitative theory of differential equations and to the education of new generations of highly-qualified specialists. On December 2, 2023, Professor Alexandru Șubă celebrated his 70th anniversary.

Domain independent post-processing with graph U-nets: applications to electrical impedance tomographic imaging⋆ ⋆SH and BH were supported by the National Institute Of Biomedical Imaging And Bioengineering of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R21EB028064. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. AH

Objective. To extend the highly successful U-Net Convolutional Neural Network architecture, which is limited to rectangular pixel/voxel domains, to a graph-based equivalent that works flexibly on irregular meshes; and demonstrate the effectiveness on electrical impedance tomography (EIT). Approach. By interpreting the irregular mesh as a graph, we develop a graph U-Net with new cluster pooling and unpooling layers that mimic the classic neighborhood based max-pooling important for imaging applications. Main results. The proposed graph U-Net is shown to be flexible and effective for improving early iterate total variation (TV) reconstructions from EIT measurements, using as little as the first iteration. The performance is evaluated for simulated data, and on experimental data from three measurement devices with different measurement geometries and instrumentations. We successfully show that such networks can be trained with a simple two-dimensional simulated training set, and generalize to very different domains, including measurements from a three-dimensional device and subsequent 3D reconstructions. Significance. As many inverse problems are solved on irregular (e.g. finite element) meshes, the proposed graph U-Net and pooling layers provide the added flexibility to process directly on the computational mesh. Post-processing an early iterate reconstruction greatly reduces the computational cost which can become prohibitive in higher dimensions with dense meshes. As the graph structure is independent of ‘dimension’, the flexibility to extend networks trained on 2D domains to 3D domains offers a possibility to further reduce computational cost in training.

Boubaker Scaling Operational Matrices for Solving Calculus of Variation Problems

In this paper, a general expression formula for the Boubaker scaling (BS) operational matrix of the derivative is constructed. Then it is used to study a new parameterization direct technique for treating calculus of the variation problems approximately. The calculus of variation problems describe several important phenomena in mathematical science. The first step in our suggested method is to express the unknown variables in terms of Boubaker scaling basis functions with unknown coefficients. Secondly, the operational matrix of the derivative together with some important properties of the BS are utilized to achieve a non-linear programming problem in terms of the unknown coefficients. Finally, the unknown parameters are obtained using the quadratic programming technique. Some numerical examples are included to confirm the accuracy and applicability of the suggested direct parameterization method.

Pelatihan Jarimatika Perkalian bagi Siswa SDN 20 Sinapa Piliang Kota Solok

Multiplication is one of the most important basic sciences of mathematics. Multiplication is often used in everyday life, for example, buying and selling, calculating the speed of an object and so on. Therefore, mathematical multiplication has been taught since elementary school (SD). Based on observations at SDN 20 Sinapa Piliang Solok, some students still cannot remember multiplications 1-10 well. Of the 25 5th graders, only 7 can remember multiplications 1-10 well. One way that can be done to overcome partner problems is by providing jarimatika training, which is fast and fun for students. The methods used in this service are lectures and demonstrations. The lecture method presents material about jarimatika, especially multiplication, while in the demonstration method, speakers and students practice directly counting using fingers.

ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN SCIENTIFIC REASIONING SISWA SMP DAN SMA YAYASAN BADAN KARYA KEUSKUPAN SANGGAU

One of the thinking skills is reasoning ability, which includes the process of connecting facts to existing ideas. Each understudy needs great thinking abilities, particularly in the area of SCIENCE so understudies can all the more effectively associate an occasion with the ideas they have learned. The motivation behind this review was to uncover the degree of thinking capacity of the Center and Secondary School Understudies at the Badan Karya Keuskupan Sanggau Establishment. Understudies' thinking skills were estimated utilizing the Lawson Study hall Test Logical Prevailing upon 12 sets of answer-reason things introduced in various decision structure. During the 2021/22 school year, the entire middle and high school population in the Badan Karya Keuskupan Sanggau Foundation's Mathematics and Natural Sciences class served as the research sample. Questions are given online through Google structure. The study revealed that junior and senior high school students in the Badan Karya Keuskupan Sanggau Foundation's Mathematics and Natural Sciences class had reasoning abilities that were still very low on each indicator, falling into the very poor category. The majority of students can only develop concrete reasoning patterns.Key word : Resioning, Lawson's test

((The Effect of an Educational Program Using a Model (Hierarchical Learning Method) in Learning the Crushing Hit Skills in Volleyball))

With advances in various mathematical sciences, including teaching methods, researchers advancing education have sought to answer research questions about students' disproportionately weak skills in learning technical subjects.
 The purpose of this study was also to determine the impact of an educational program with a multi-level learning approach on learning volleyball strategy. Researchers use experimental methods because they meet their research needs. The research team included second-year students from the Faculty of Physical Education, Exercise and Exercise Science at Hamdaniya University. The number of students is (66). The study sample was limited to her 40 students, Divided into two groups

The effect of pre-class quizzes assisted flipped classroom learning on student learning outcomes in the biochemistry course of fatty acid metabolism

The study aims to determine the effect of the flipped classroom learning model assisted by pre-class quizzes on student learning outcomes of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram, in the subject of biochemistry, on fatty acid metabolism. The type of experimental research used in this study was a Quasi-Experimental Design with a Post-Test Only Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. The population in this study was the sixth-semester students of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mataram University, for the 2022 academic year, totaling 60 people with a sampling technique using saturated sampling. In this research, two classes were used: the control and experimental classes. In the experimental class, namely class A, the flipped classroom learning model was treated with the help of pre-class quizzes, while the control class only used the flipped classroom model without pre-class quizzes. This study measured student learning outcomes from post-test question scores with 30 multiple-choice questions. The data analysis techniques used are normality test, homogeneity test, hypothesis test using paired sample t-test, and effect size test. Based on the results of data analysis using the normality test and homogeneity test that was carried out, the data was usually and homogeneously distributed, so hypothesis testing was carried out using the t-test and effect size test. Based on the hypothesis testing that has been carried out, there is an influence of the flipped classroom learning model assisted by pre-class quizzes on student learning outcomes in the biochemistry course on fatty acid metabolism. This can be seen from the sig value. (2-tailed) of 0.000 in the paired sample t-test, resulting in the interpretation that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. As for the magnitude of the effect of the flipped classroom model assisted by pre-class quizzes using the effect size calculation formula, the result was 1.33, which shows the criteria for a high effect value.

Plato’s Periagōgē: Changing Direction as a Central Aspect of Education

Plato’s concept of periagōgē, as presented in the Analogy of the Cave, serves as a fundamental component of his philosophy of education, illustrating the process of “changing direction” or “redirecting” one’s mind’s eye from ignorance to the Form of the Good. Plato’s understanding of culture or education, paideia, accentuates the shift from passive observation to active participation in the pursuit of ultimate knowledge and ethical excellence. This educational change of direction, from passive to active, unfolds as our entire soul turns toward the Form of the Good. Maintaining the soul’s proper direction and alignment involves cultivating the lower parts of the soul through the emulation of good habits, good behavior, and proper feelings, while concurrently strengthening the higher reasoning powers through mathematical sciences, culminating in dialectics. Such an educational redirecting of the soul aims at the Form of the Good as its teleologic, practical, and paradigmatic axis around which we are revolving as we go about our daily endeavors. Those who were able to grasp the Form of the Good, not only undergo inevitable personal change but also bear the responsibility of guiding others toward such a transformation, as their teachers and mentors, just like Socrates did. Consequently, periagōgē in the right direction, or aspiration toward the right ideals, promotes personal betterment but also extends its effects towards society, where such enlightened individuals help others to stay on the right path.

Counting Spanning Trees in The Ladders

Aims: In order to study the rule of entropy in different graph transformations, this paper introduces and further generalizes the ladder graph from different perspectives, including pinwheel ladders and 3-dimensional ladders. Then the problem of entropy comes down to the calculation of spanning trees in these graphs. Place and Duration of Study: School of Mathematical Sciences, Jiangsu University, between January 2023 and October 2023. Methodology: A method by seeking similar terms was generalized to help study the essential principle in these graphs. By similarity diagonalization and computer aided calculation, the exact expressions for the number of spanning trees in these graphs are obtained.

Pengetahuan Siklus Hidup Nyamuk Aedes aegypti untuk Cegah DBD Bagi Warga RT 44 Kelurahan Guntung Manggis Banjarbaru

Abstract Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is still a health problem for the people of Banjarbaru. This disease can be prevented by avoiding the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The mosquito population of Ae. aegypti has a high potential to carry out biting activities. Therefore, mosquito control is the main focus in controlling DHF. The one house one larva monitor program by carrying out 3M activities (bury, cover and drain) water containers is relatively effective. However, knowledge about the life cycle is not the same among residents, so the implementation of this program is still constrained. With this background, the Lambung Mangkurat University Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences service team held counseling for Dasa Wisma Jasmine 5 about the life cycle of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The implementation of this service provides insight into the life cycle of the Aedes aegypti mosquito followed by the practice of trapping mosquito eggs. The hope of this program is to increase knowledge, change attitudes and take action in residential areas so that they do not become breeding grounds for the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Keywords: DHF disease; Aedes aegypti; knowledge; attitude; action

The Worldview Interpretations of Philosophy and the Problem of Its Scientific Status

The article discusses the issue of the essence and scientific status of philosophy. The case is made that philosophy is essentially related to worldview, because it revolves around the most general questions about the world, a human being, and its place in the world – worldview questions, or Big Philosophical Questions. This does not mean that philosophy is a worldview, or a collection of worldviews, or a science about worldviews. It is rather the realm of the search for answers to worldview questions and of the elaboration and rational critical evaluation of the arguments for and against different possible answers, as well as of the critical analysis and development of the categories and conceptual schemes used to think about such questions. Philosophy can also be considered as a science in the wide sense of a systematic knowledge-seeking intellectual activity aimed at truth, an important part of the community of knowledge disciplines that includes not only natural empirical and mathematical sciences but social sciences and humanities as well. At least, such a scientific character is to be expected from academic philosophy. The pluralism of opinions characteristic for philosophy does not undermine its scientific status, because on the one hand, other sciences also provide no guarantees that their accepted theories are true, and there is (to a greater or lesser degree) pluralism of opinions with respect to a number of fundamental issues, and on the other hand, philosophy produces important knowledge of several kinds: about ignorance, about fundamental categories, conceptual schemes and principles of thinking, and about the available alternatives with respect to philosophical issues and relevant arguments.

The Unbecoming of Being

Like the Copernican revolution which initiated the Modern project, there has been a thermodynamic revolution in the empirical sciences in the last two centuries. The aim of this paper is to show how we might draw from this revolution to make new and startling metaphysical and ethical claims concerning the nature and value of reality. To this end, this paper employs Aristotle’s account of the relation of the various philosophies and sciences to one another to show how we might assert a new theory of being, moral value, and practical action from the primacy of entropic decay asserted in the contemporary mathematical sciences. This paper proceeds to show how, from what the contemporary sciences have concluded concerning the primacy of entropic decay within reality, unbecoming might be forwarded as a new account of the essence of existence: i.e., the first cause and motivating principle of reality’s formal, material, efficient, and final nature. The paper concludes by arguing that a new and surprising account of universal ethical value and normative duty can be deduced from such a metaphysics of decay.

EVALUASI DAN PENINGKATAN BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SMP DAERAH TERTINGGAL, TERDEPAN, DAN TERLUAR (3T): METODE SEDERHANA LOGIKA TAKTIS

This research presents an implementation result of mathematical knowledge for Junior High School level (SMP) through teaching assistant program particularly in remote area schools (3T area) of Maluku prefecture consisted of 1340 small islands which are rich of natural resources with a complicated growing system in education, economy and transportation due to the lack of technology. In this opportunity, Pattimura university sent the best group of scientists especially in the fields of mathematical logic, natural sciences, and English to treat Elementary and Junior High School students. The process of student’s education was carried out by detecting the students logic ability in calculating the mathematics complex summation tested through a step by step question and answer teaching’s transformation. The results show that in the beginning of study, all the 22 sample students of SMP Negeri 01, Namrole got 0% correct answer in a very simple summation question of (½+1/3 = ?). In the second tested question after the treatment of the solution teaching of the former one detected with ~32% correct solution from the whole students. Next, by implementing the same teaching solution as the first and the second summation questions, we found ~72.72% total correct answer for the whole 22 students. The 4th question was not conducted by students in the classroom because of the 1 hour school study had been over, and it would be homework for students. According to this work, the quality understanding of students is significantly dependent on the excellent knowledge of mathematics teacher

HYGINIE, SANITATION AND NUTRITION OF SNACKS IN THE CANTEEN

The purpose of this study was to determine the sanitation hygiene of the school canteen, the contribution of wet snack food to meeting the daily nutritional needs of students and to find out whether there were differences in sanitation and nutritional hygiene between wet snacks sold in the school canteen between Adiwiyata school canteens and non-Adiwiyata schools. This type of research is a descriptive observational research. The sample in this study is packaged and unpackaged snacks which are often sold in the school canteen. The variables in the study were the condition of the snacks in SD Adiwiyata and SD non-Adiwiyata in Bantul Regency. The standard instrument from the Indonesian Ministry of Health regarding hygiene, sanitation and nutritional content of food uses a computer application "nutry survey" and the E. coli test at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences UNY. The result of the research is that the value of hygiene and sanitation of SD Adiwiyata canteen is 81.43% with good criteria, while non-Adiwiyata elementary school is 68.81% with moderate criteria. The average energy adequacy per day is 1461.6 kcal, while the recommended energy adequacy is 1594.5 kcal, thus only 92% fulfilled. There are differences in the hygiene and sanitation of wet snack food canteens between Adiwiyata and non-Adiwiyata elementary schools. Judging from the presence of E.coli and mold contamination, snacks in non-Adiwiyata school canteens showed that the number of E.coli and molds was higher than Adiwiyata Elementary School both in the morning and in the afternoon. Keywords : hygiene, sanitation, food nutrition, canteen

From a mathematical science of living systems to biology and economics: Comment to “What is life? Active particles tools towards behavioral dynamics in social-biology and economics” by B. Bellomo, M. Esfahanian, V. Secchini, and P. Terna

From a mathematical science of living systems to biology and economics: Comment to “What is life? Active particles tools towards behavioral dynamics in social-biology and economics” by B. Bellomo, M. Esfahanian, V. Secchini, and P. Terna

Generalized k‐variate proportional hazard function for censored survival data

This note develops a generalized ‐variate hazard function for censored data in survival analysis. It introduces a generalized recursive formula, extending the bivariate and trivariate cases introduced by Clayton and Cuzick (1985, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (General), 148(2):82–108) and Kittani (1995, Journal of Mathematical Sciences, 67–74), respectively. The newly developed function is explicitly specified by association parameters and marginal hazard functions.

К 95-ЛЕТИЮ СО ДНЯ РОЖДЕНИЯ СЕРГЕЯ ВЛАДИМИРОВИЧА ПЕРЕСЛЕГИНА (01.10.1928–31.07.2023)

The article is dedicated to the 95th anniversary of the birth of Sergei Vladimirovich Pereslegin – radiophysicist – oceanologist, Candidate of Technical Sciences (1977), Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (2000), Chief Researcher of the Laboratory of Nonlinear Wave Processes of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of RAS. Dr. Pereslegin is the creator of a new direction at the Institute of Oceanology at the intersection of theoretical and experimental radiophysics and oceanology – the development of radar methods for ocean research. Sergei Pereslegin left us on July 31, 2023, leaving behind many ideas, projects and inventions.

АКАДЕМИК ВЛАДИМИР ЕВГЕНЬЕВИЧ ЗАХАРОВ (1939–2023) И ИНСТИТУТ ОКЕАНОЛОГИИ

In the early morning of August 20, 2023, at the age of 85, the outstanding Soviet and Russian scientist, poet and public figure, Academician, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical sciences Vladimir Evgenievich Zakharov passed away. On August 1, he celebrated his 84th birthday. For many years, Academician Zakharov headed the Laboratory of Nonlinear Wave Processes at the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of RAS and actively participated in the development of the Institute as a center of advanced fundamental research. Based on the memories of colleagues, the author examines the role of Vladimir Evgenievich in the life of the Institute and the place of the Institute in the life of Vladimir Evgenievich himself. A brief summary of the main stages of his eventful life as a world-famous scientist, talented poet and concerned citizen is given at the end of the article. A large selection of materials about the life of Vladimir Evgenievich can be found on the memorial page (http://kao.itp.ac.ru/Zakharov/).

Scientific eminence and scientific hierarchy: bibliometric prediction of fellowship in the Australian Academy of Science

Research metrics are known to predict many markers of scientific eminence, but fellowship in learned academies has not been examined in this context. The present research used Scopus-based citation indices, including a composite index developed by Ioannidis et al., (PLoS Biol 14:e1002501, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002501) that improves cross-field comparison, to predict fellowship in the Australian Academy of Sciences (AAS). Based on ideas of a hierarchy of the sciences, the study also examined whether researchers from natural science fields were advantaged in achieving AAS fellowship relative to researchers from fields toward the social science end of the hierarchy. In a comprehensive sample of top global researchers, the composite index and its components all strongly differentiated Australian researchers who were elected as AAS fellows from those who were not. As predicted, when composite index scores were statistically controlled, researchers in physical and mathematical sciences were more likely to achieve fellow status than biological scientists, who were much more likely to achieve it than psychological, cognitive, and social scientists. Researchers in basic science fields also had an election advantage over those in more applied and technological fields. These findings suggest that recognition by learned academies may be predicted by citation indices, but may also be influenced by the perceived hardness, prestige, and purity of research fields.