This research was purposed tofind the differences on mathematic reasoning ability between students using Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach and those taught by direct learning derived from their self-efficacy. This research was an experimental research with factorial experimental design. The samples of this research were 66 students on 8th grade students at SMPIT Az-Zuhra Islamic School Pekanbaru on the material number pattern. Sampling technique was cluster random sampling. Data were collected with reasoning ability test, questionnaire self-efficacy.The research findings were: there was a difference on mathematic reasoning ability between students taught by using RME approach and those with Direct learning, there was a difference on mathematic reasoning ability among students having high, medium, and low self-efficacy, and there was no interaction between learning approach and self-efficacy toward student mathematic reasoning ability.