Analysis Of Mathematical Model Research Articles

Mathematical Modeling for Non-Linear Behaviorial Analysis of Job Embeddedness on Organization with Improved Statistical Tools

This research endeavors to enhance our understanding of job embeddedness within organizations by employing advanced mathematical modeling and statistical tools to analyze its non-linear behavioral dynamics. Job embeddedness refers to the extent to which an individual feels deeply connected to their job, colleagues, and the organization, which has significant implications for employee retention, performance, and organizational success. Our study applies cutting-edge statistical techniques, such as nonlinear regression models, machine learning algorithms, and network analysis, to decipher the complex interplay of factors that contribute to job embeddedness. By examining various intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including job satisfaction, organizational culture, social networks, and employee engagement, our mathematical models aim to provide a comprehensive perspective on the phenomenon. Through a rigorous analysis of large-scale organizational datasets, we uncover hidden patterns, nonlinear relationships, and critical tipping points that influence job embeddedness. This research not only contributes to a deeper theoretical understanding of job embeddedness but also offers practical insights for organizational leaders and human resource professionals to design targeted strategies for fostering employee commitment and reducing turnover. Ultimately, our mathematical modeling approach improves the accuracy of predicting and managing job embeddedness within organizations, thereby assisting businesses in creating more engaged, satisfied, and embedded workforces.

Design, Analysis, and Optimization of Off-Highway Rear Dump Truck Chassis Frame Rail Profile Using Design Exploration and Finite Element Analysis Technique

<div>During mining material hauling, the chassis frame structure of rear dump trucks is subjected to fatigue loading due to uneven road conditions. This loading often leads to crack propagation in the frame rails, necessitating the determination of stresses in the critical zone during the design stage to ensure structural integrity. In this study, a computer-aided engineering (CAE) methodology is employed to size and select the rectangular profile cross section of the chassis frame rail. A detailed design investigation of the chassis frame is conducted to assess its load resistance, structural flexibility, and weld joint fatigue life under critical stresses arising from combined bending and torsion loads. The optimization process aims to determine the optimal rail size and material thickness, striking a balance between minimizing mass and maximizing structural reliability. By achieving this, the risk of major structural failures during the transportation of large payloads can be significantly reduced. To address the demand for extended structural life and reduced chassis frame weight, the frame rail cross section is optimized using a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) implemented within the ANSYS software package. This optimization process is facilitated by utilizing design exploration studies and finite element analysis (FEA) techniques to understand how stress affects the chassis frame of a vehicle when it is subjected to combined bending and torsion load case. To do this, the research study used a combination of analytical calculations, mathematical modeling, and design exploration studies.</div> <div>The research findings highlight the effectiveness of combining empirical approaches with modern CAE tools, enabling engineers to design and analyze complex structures with optimized sizes and weights suitable for off-highway mining applications.</div> <div>Through the utilization of this integrated approach, significant advancements can be made in enhancing the structural performance and efficiency of chassis frame structures in the demanding off-highway mining industry.</div>

Municipal and Urban Renewal Development Index System: A Data-Driven Digital Analysis Framework

Urban renewal planning and development are vital for enhancing the living quality of city residents. However, such improvement activities are often expensive, time-consuming, and in need of standardization. The convergence of remote sensing technologies, social big data, and artificial intelligence solutions has created unprecedented opportunities for comprehensive digital planning and analysis in urban renewal development and management. However, fast interdisciplinary development imposes some challenges because the data collected and the solutions built are defined piece by piece and require further fusion and integration of knowledge, evaluation standards, systematic analyses, and new methodologies. To address these challenges, we propose a municipal and urban renewal development index (MUDI) system with data modeling and mathematical analysis models. The MUDI system is applied and studied in three circumstances: (1) at regional level, 337 cities are selected in China to demonstrate the MUDI system’s comparable analysis capabilities on a large scale across cities; (2) at city level, 285 residential communities are selected in Xiamen to demonstrate the use of remote sensing data as key MUDIs for a temporal urban land change analysis; and (3) at the level of residential neighborhoods’ urban renewal practices, Xiamen’s Yingping District is selected to demonstrate the MUDI system’s project management capabilities. We find that the MUDI system is highly effective in municipal and urban data model building through the abstraction and summation of grid-based satellite and social big data. Secondly, the MUDI system enables comprehension of the high dimensionality and complexity of multisource datasets for municipal and urban renewal development. Thirdly, the system is applied to enable the use of the newly developed UMAP algorithm, a model based on Riemannian geometry and algebraic topology, and the carrying out of a principal component analysis for the key dimensions and an index correlation analysis. Fourthly, various artificial intelligence-driven algorithms can be developed for urban renewal analyses based on the MUDIs. The MUDI system is a new and effective method for urban renewal planning and management that can be flexibly extended and applied to various cities and urban districts.

Quasi-Static Force Analysis and Tooth Profile Modification Optimization of the Cycloid Speed Reducer

This article proposes a new method for optimizing tooth profile modification amounts of cycloidal reducers. By optimizing transmission error and transmission ratio fluctuation, the objective optimization function is determined, and the influence of optimized modification amount on various transmission performances is studied. In addition, this article also conducted mechanical analysis on the cycloidal reducer and obtained the results of tooth contact force. The mathematical model for the mechanical analysis of the cycloidal reducer was established, and the variation law of force distribution between the internal and external gears of the cycloidal reducer was calculated. The results indicate that the needle tooth force, bearing force, transmission ratio, and transmission error obtained through the mechanical analysis model using optimized modification quantities tend to stabilize and exhibit periodic changes, which corresponds to the actual scenario.

Analytical investigation of induction motor drive under DC-link voltage ripple in voltage source inverter.

Analytical analysis and mathematical model of ripple components of the DC-link voltage of three-phase voltage source inverter and its influence on an induction motor drive both in time and frequency domain are presented in this paper. The analytical expressions for the voltage and current space-vectors as a function of the DC-link voltage pulsation are derived. From the current space vectors the torque behavior is estimated again as a function of DC-link voltage pulsation. The proposed analytical method is based on the mixed p-z approach enabling presentation of the results in closed-form.

Application of collisional analysis to the differential velocity of solar wind ions

Collisional analysis combines the effects of collisional relaxation and large-scale expansion to quantify how solar wind parameters evolve as the plasma expands through the heliosphere. Though previous studies have applied collisional analysis to the temperature ratio between protons (ionized hydrogen) and α-particles (fully ionized helium), this is the first study to explore α-proton differential flow with collisional analysis. First, the mathematical model for the collisional analysis of differential flow was derived. Then, this model was applied to individual in-situ observations from Parker Solar Probe (PSP; r = 0.1–0.27 au) to generate predictions of the α-proton differential flow in the near-Earth solar wind. A comparison of these predicted values with contemporaneous measurements from the Wind spacecraft (r = 1.0 au) shows strong agreement, which may imply that the effects of expansion and Coulomb collisions have a large role in governing the evolution of differential flow through the inner heliosphere.

Modeling heat and mass transfer in grain drying processes under the influence of electromagnetic field

Drying of grain materials by traditional convective methods typically involves significant energy consumption, primarily due to unproductive losses of thermal energy with the exhausted drying agent. Optimizing this process entails reducing the volume of drying agent used and compensating for reduced thermal energy through non-contact heat transfer methods such as microwave (MW) or infrared (IR) irradiation. However, mathematical modeling of these processes requires refinement as they differ from traditional convective heat drying processes. Grain drying is a complex thermophysical process, with heat and moisture transfer occurring within the capillary-porous material in a mutually dependent manner. To better understand these processes, it is necessary to establish mathematical models that account for the influence of the electromagnetic field. This article aims to theoretically investigate the drying process of plant raw materials under the influence of MW and IR electromagnetic fields based on analytical mathematical models. The conducted research indicates the potential of using electromagnetic fields to intensify the drying of plant raw materials, particularly through MW and IR irradiation, which allows for targeted heating of the moist zones of the material. The obtained analytical dependencies enable the calculation of temperature and moisture content fields in materials and determine the degree of influence of electromagnetic field parameters on heating and drying processes. These dependencies also help to more accurately identify heat and mass transfer model coefficients based on experiments. Such an analytical-empirical approach can be utilized to calculate rational processing regimes for grain raw materials under the influence of electromagnetic fields.

Thermology-mechanical integrated SiC panel with triply periodic minimal surface architectures for thermal protection

In this study, a thermomechanically integrated SiC panel is fabricated using vat photopolymerization technology. A theoretical predictive model is developed for the thermodynamic integration of triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS). Firstly, a mathematical analysis model is established to integrate thermodynamics into TPMS architecture. Among the structures studied, the Schoen gyroid exhibits the best insulation performance, surpassing the Schwarz diamond, Neovius surface, and Schwarz W due to its superior radiation effect within the sandwich configuration's core structure. Regarding compression mechanical performance, the Schoen gyroid structure proved to be the optimal choice with yield points of 16.18 MPa and 9.8 MPa. The successful additive manufacturing of SiC ceramics with TPMS architectures is achieved by considering the integration of thermology and mechanics.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОЦЕССА СЕДИМЕНТАЦИИ ВЗВЕСИ В РОТОРЕ ЦЕНТРИФУГИ ПЕРИОДИЧЕСКОГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ

The present paper quantitatively investigates special aspects of the sediment skeleton formation from sucrose crystals and their fragments there of precipitation on the rotor shell of a filtering centrifuge of periodic action (PCPA) as a result of processing of first fillmass into the action field of centrifugal forces. In order to correctly predict the process, it is obvious that it is important not only to understand it correctly, but also requires computational analytical apparatus, taking into account the aspects of massecuite centrifugation process. The study proposes a quantitative analysis technique, based on the physical mechanical and geometric parameters of sucrose crystals precipitation from first fillmass on sieve (perforated) surface of the rotor of a periodic filter centrifuge. Based on the proposed physical and mathematical model of particle motion kinetics numerical analysis is performed of the object of study on calculation of centrifuge performance and the nature of stratification of the solid phase in the formed precipitate as a result of centrifugal processing from crystalline white sugar crystals on the surface of the rotor.

A Quantitative Relationship Analysis of Language Patterns and Cultural Identity in Southeast Asian Chinese Literature

Abstract As an important part of overseas Chinese literature, Southeast Asian Chinese literature has entered the research field of mainland scholars since the 1980s with the deepening of economic, trade, and cultural exchanges between mainland China and Southeast Asian countries. In this paper, we use the linguistic characteristics of Southeast Asian Chinese literature as the research landing point, establish the mathematical model of regression analysis, and transform the coordinate system to simplify the derivation formula. The slope is used to determine the macro change direction of the regression curve, and the slope formula is further derived to get the expression for judging the micro change trend of the curve, which completes the construction of the mathematical model of language pattern and cultural identity law. Based on the knowledge graph visualization and analysis tool CiteSpase, the data of language patterns and cultural identity samples were processed and analyzed in terms of the number of publications, author groups, research institutions, and publishing journals. 2016 was the year with the highest number of publications, and the number of publications in this year was 55. “Malay-Chinese literature” ranked first among the high-frequency keywords, with a word frequency and centrality of 173 and 0.82, respectively. The correlation coefficient between Southeast Asian Chinese’s attitude towards Chinese language and Chinese cultural identity (Spearman’s rho=865, p<0.01) shows a positive relationship.

3D MODEL LOGIČKE INTEGRACIJE METAFIZIKE I UPRAVLJANJA RIZICIMA OD KATASTROFA

Science is built upon the continuous re-evaluation of evidence and empirical research driven by the desire for success and the fear of failure, while religion is based on the unconditional acceptance of original dogmatic traditions and fundamental principles of belief in God and eternal reward, coupled with the fear of divine punishment. Metaphysics, as the foundation of philosophical scientific thought, examines the nature of reality and existence, asking questions about what exists, why, in which time, space, and causality. Disaster risk management is an exact scientific discipline established on metaphysical examinations of causes and phenomena, along with mathematical models of prediction and consequence analysis. This paper explores the intriguing correlation between the logical relationships of metaphysical principles and disaster risk management. By delving into the philosophical realm of metaphysics, we analyze concepts such as uncertainty, causality, and the nature of reality. Drawing correlative connections, we examine the development of a logical matrix of cause and effect to better understand metaphysical principles that can timely alert decision-makers and improve their risk management strategies. Researching the interconnections of fundamental principles in the domains of risk, impact, and response capacity to crises offers a fresh perspective on addressing uncertainty and making informed decisions in complex situations. Conclusions will be defined using analytical-deductive and synthetic methods, comparing the relationship between metaphysics and applied science within the framework of the multimillennial challenges faced by humanity, from the time of Noah's flood to contemporary crises and approaches to resolving them. The paper will scientifically determine risks, impacts, and capacities for more effective responses to climatic and socio-political crises, challenging the professionalscientific community to proactively offer answers to the question: Can the acceptance and understanding of the 3D logical model of integrated application of metaphysics and risk management contribute to reducing the vulnerability of humankind?

Vibro-Inertance Matrix Supported OCF Characteristics Analysis of PMSM Under Multiple Operating Conditions for EV

Vibration analysis of converter-fed motor for electric powertrain is a much-needed technology for electric vehicle industry, which plays an important role in the noise, vibration, harshness (NVH) optimization design, fatigue monitor, fault diagnosis, and life prediction. The characteristics of the internal operating condition force (OCF) for the propulsion motor of electric vehicles under multiple operating conditions (MOC) were investigated by using the proposed vibro-inertance matrix theory (VIMT) in this paper. The complete analytical expansion of vibro-inertance matrix ofthe statorcomponentwas firstly derived, and a mathematical analytical testing model of OCF was established. The OCF of the 21kW prototype was measured under MOC, and the spectra of the mechanical and electromagnetic OCF of the prototype were fully secured via Brüel & Kjær 4520 3D acceleration sensors and Brüel & Kjær multi-purpose input modules. The vibration and fatigue sources under MOC were revealed through the source path contribution (SPC) analysis method. Finally, the proposed VIMT measurement and analysis method of OCF were verified by both finite element simulation and experimental verification.

Mathematical models for analysis of temperature regimes in vehicle braking systems

Linear and non-linear mathematical models for the determination of the temperature field, and subsequently for the analysis of temperature regimes in the braking systems of vehicles, which are geometrically depicted as isotropic spatial heat-active media that are subject to internal local thermal heating, have been developed. With the use of classical methods, it is not possible to obtain analytical solutions of linear and nonlinear boundary value problems of mathematical physics in a closed form. This is especially the case when the right-hand sides of differential equations with partial derivatives and boundary conditions are discontinuous functions. The given approach is based on the application of the apparatus of generalized functions to describe the local concentration of thermal influence. This made it possible to apply the integral transformation and, on this basis, to obtain analytical solutions of both linear and nonlinear boundary value problems. In the case of a nonlinear boundary value problem, the Kirchhoff transformation was applied, using which the original nonlinear heat conduction equation and nonlinear boundary conditions were linearized, and as a result, a linearized second-order differential equation with partial derivatives and boundary conditions with a discontinuous right-hand side were obtained. To solve the linear boundary value problem, as well as the obtained linearized boundary value problem with respect to the Kirchhoff transformation, the Henkel integral transformation method was used, as a result of which analytical solutions of these problems were obtained. For a heat-sensitive environment, as an example, a linear dependence of the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the structural material of the structure on temperature, which is often used in many practical problems, was chosen. As a result, an analytical relationship was obtained for determining the temperature distribution in this medium. On the basis of the developed mathematical models, a computational algorithm was created and on this basis, software tools were created, using which the heat exchange processes in the middle of the brake structures for the selected materials of the brake pads were analyzed in terms of their effectiveness, as well as the determination of the optimal temperature values for the effective operation of the braking system of vehicles. The developed linear and nonlinear mathematical models for determining the temperature field in spatial heat-active media with internal heating make it possible to analyze their thermal stability. As a result, it becomes possible to increase it and protect it from overheating, which can cause the destruction of not only individual nodes and individual elements, but also the entire structure.

Mathematical model for analysis of influencing factors on software complexes support

Mathematical model for analysis of influencing factors on software complexes support

Heat treatment of ground surface using an electric arc plasma generator

The article presents a generalization of the results of experimental and theoretical studies on the intensive thermal effect on the surface of foundations from cohesive soils (as opposed to deep heat treatment) using an electric arc generator of low-temperature plasma (plasmatron). A plasmatron with massive consumable electrodes made of borosilicated graphite and a wide "blurred" plasma torch was used for heat treatment. Physical and mathematical modeling of the thermal effect on the surface of clay soil by a moving high-temperature source has been performed. For the first time, a special installation was manufactured and experimental studies were carried out on the heat treatment of ground surfaces on the site with an electric arc plasma torch. It is established that the effective heat flux density reaches 2.5-.3.5 kW/cm2. The main part of the thermal energy for the used plasmatron enters the material due to radiant heat transfer. An analytical mathematical model of the temperature field of a three-dimensional semi-bounded body in the technological process under consideration is given by an essentially nonlinear boundary value problem for a nonlinear heat equation with nonlinear boundary conditions of the second kind. When solving thermophysical problems, the ground semi-bounded space was considered as a quasi-homogeneous medium having a constant initial temperature and initial thermophysical parameters that change in the process of temperature increase. The effective values of the thermophysical characteristics were determined on the basis of experimental data. Calculations and experiments have shown that the temperature boundary leading to significant changes in the structural properties of soils drops to a depth of 4-6 cm from the surface, despite the boiling of the ground melt with a temperature of 2500 ...2800 K on the ground surface. Therefore, a new technological principle of heat treatment is proposed, which consists in building up the ground melt in layers of 4-5 cm up from the initial surface. The impossibility of obtaining a positive effect even with the use of a powerful high-temperature source of exposure in the case of traditional surface heat treatment technology has been confirmed. The new plasma technology of surface heat treatment of ground surfaces to the stage of silicate melt allows to obtain a common layer of the required thickness. At the same time, the efficiency of surface heat treatment is significantly increased. The new technology of layer-by-layer surface deposition reduces cracking in the layer when the melt cools, but does not eliminate this negative process.

Thermomechanical modeling of dissimilar-material interfaces in composite structures

Due to the heterogeneities in material properties of strongly-bonded multi-material composite structures, there exist singularities of the stress fields at the material interface as well as the interface corners on the bounding surfaces. The finite-element method is probably the only plausible option to analyze the stress around such interfaces between dissimilar materials subjected to combined thermo-mechanical loading. In this article, we propose a novel mathematical model for the computational analysis of coupled thermo-elastic fields with perfectly bonded interfaces of dissimilar isotropic/orthotropic composite-material structures. A scalar function of the spatial variables, namely, the displacement function, is used to integrate the temperature field and the associated displacement-function field to obtain two nonhomogeneous partial-differential equations of equilibrium that govern two thermo-mechanical sub-problems defined in terms of the appropriate conditions of orthogonal temperature gradients. For a specific temperature field, obtained as a steady-state solution of the given thermal problem, the two thermo-mechanical sub-problems are solved independently to obtain the full-field solution of the thermo-elastic problem using the method of superposition. As an alternative to the conventional computational approach, we employed a single variable semi-analytical method of solution to determine the thermo-mechanical response of the multi-material composite structures. The continuity of the temperature and the heat flux in the thermal field problem and the continuity of the displacement and the traction vectors are utilized in the elastic field problem to determine the appropriate algebraic equations suitable for nodal application at the interfaces as well as interface corners on the boundaries of the respective problems. The quantitative comparison of the present displacement-function solutions to several mixed-boundary-value problems with those obtained by the conventional finite-element method verifies the high accuracy and effectiveness of the present method. This computational model has potential applications in identifying near-interface high-stress locations as well as possible critical regions of the physical boundary of composite structures subjected to mixed modes of thermal and mechanical loadings.

Numerical roll motion control by using fins based on the linear quadratic regulator and dynamic mode decomposition

Reducing the roll motion and acceleration of a ship is a critical concern for the safety and comfort requirement in a seaway. In this paper, the uncontrolled roll motion time series is obtained under the harsh beam sea simulation for a naval vessel using a single degree of freedom nonlinear equation of motion. Then the linear quadratic controller (LQR) controller is applied by utilizing one pair of fins (port and starboard) that were positioned amidship. The amplitude and rate saturations of the fins are taken into consideration in the simulations. The LQR controller is designed based on an analytical mathematical model, with the selection of appropriate controller parameters. Then, an estimation is made based on the dynamic mode decomposition method for the ship model by taking measurements from online states as if those are derived from the experimental measurements. Finally, the ‘estimated mathematical model’ is used for the LQR controller design. The results demonstrate the successfulness of the estimation process, with only minimal degradation in performance observed.

DIGITALISATION AS A FACTOR OF SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE

The modern Ukrainian economy is in a dire situation. It cannot function normally when active hostilities are taking place in the country. Therefore, the problem of determining the factors of the socioeconomic development of the state and its economic security now comes to the fore. Among them, the digitalisation of the country plays an important role. Considering the relevance of the recovery of the Ukrainian economy, which suffered a decline due to the war, it is considered appropriate to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the digitisation state of the country by modern methods. The paper is devoted to the problem of interdependence estimation of the digitisation and socioeconomic development indices of the country. The article aims to improve the complex of mathematical models for assessment and analysis of the digitisation state of the country, which will be supplemented with a model of interdependence indicators of digitisation and socioeconomic development of the state. Implementing the model will allow for determining digitalisation development directions, estimating the socioeconomic development level of the state, as well as ensuring its economic security. In the process of research, the following tasks were set to be solved: to select and form a base of indicators necessary for modelling; to develop a model; to investigate the canonical correlation between socioeconomic and digital development indicators by the canonical analysis methods; to investigate the dispersion of canonical variables observations and to find out the most significant areas of digitalisation improvement. As a result of the study, the highest correlation was evaluated between the network readiness index and the socioeconomic progress index (coefficient 0.98). The socioeconomic progress index is also related to the e-government development index (0.92) and the information and communication technology development index (0.90). Thus, the analysis performed in the paper of the correlation between the sets of digitalisation and the socioeconomic development indexes allows us to conclude the presence of a high level of their significant influence and the importance of forming a system of measures to ensure the proper level of the digital development of the country in these directions. Keywords: modelling, methods, canonical analysis, digitalisation, socioeconomic development, economic security of the state.

Modeling the Water Temperature Profile of Lakes: A Physics Informed Neural Network (PINN) Approach

Water temperature plays an important role in our environment and is applicable to nearly all limnology research, as the temperature of a body of water affects biological activity and growth of organisms such as algae and bacteria. Certain organisms have a preferred temperature range within which they can survive, while others become dormant or die when the water reaches extreme temperatures. The temperature of water also governs the maximum dissolved oxygen concentration of water. Dissolved oxygen in water is important for aquatic life because of its vital role in cellular respiration. Predicting water temperature is also an important factor in determining whether a body of water is acceptable for human use. Warm bodies of water may contain pathogens that can be dangerous to humans.
 
 Our research presents a computational method of determining lake water temperature through a novel technique known as physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). PINNs can be used to model and forecast the temperature of water over a specific time period by training a neural network using the data points derived from the discrete form of a partial differential equation and taking into account the boundary conditions. Several factors such as wind, precipitation, and solar energy effects on water temperature were investigated. By using a computer simulation in place of an analytical mathematical model, a tremendous increase in run time speed can be achieved. The results can be used to determine the patterns in water temperature throughout a year, demonstrating the advantages of a PINN over an analytical model.

Improved Inverted Pendulum Control through PID and EPID Controllers

This presentation is on studies of application of combined constant rate reaching law and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control law (EPID) for the control of inverted pendulum system. The inverted pendulum system is similar to a typical attitude control of booster rocket undergoing the takeoff process. Recent studies indicated records of higher rates of accidents in aircrafts. The records show that about half results due to malfunctions of aircraft systems and close to one-third from propulsion system malfunctions. Others are higher complexities of modern aircraft systems and in trying to reduce cost of maintenance. Therefore, the need enhanced automation, fault detection, faults isolation, faults tolerance, faults diagnosis and faults correction. Linear control techniques may not yield the desired performances in aircraft systems due to high levels of system nonlinearities. Applications of the intelligent control counterparts may not guarantee the generation of mathematical model for in-depth analysis. The major demerit of nonlinear control methods is higher requirement of computational burden making practical implementation difficult. The model of the inverted pendulum system is a linearized analytical model. The system performance of the system was observed with the EPID and PID controllers. Furthermore the effect of sudden changes such as wind, gust or other related variations on the system was also studied using step disturbance. It was a simulation studies using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Results showed that with the EPID a near zero deviation was achieved. Whereas with PID controller was able to only maintain a deviation of about 40. Results also indicated a near zero disturbance rejection ability with the EPID, while the PID was able to only suppress the disturbance to some extent. It implies a more robust control with the EPID was achieved for aircraft/inverted pendulum control. Hence, it implies enhanced performance and with further improvement it can be used for application in this class of systems as well as similar systems. The work would help to for basic researches in aircraft/inverted pendulum control for beginners as well as experienced researchers in the field.