Fields Of Mathematics Research Articles

Modifying Summer Undergraduate Research Programs during COVID-19 Increased Graduate School Intentions but Exacerbated Anxieties.

COVID-19 created unprecedented challenges for college students, highlighting the need to provide educational contexts that foster well-being. Summer undergraduate research experiences (SUREs) constitute a high-impact practice, yet little systematic knowledge exists about how the first surge of COVID-19 influenced undergraduate researchers' well-being. This knowledge is important for preparing for future disruptions. This study applies the student well-being model (SWBM) to examine how SURE status (e.g., modification vs. cancellation) impacted students' mental health and graduate school intentions using primary survey data collected from U.S. undergraduate researchers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields in Summer 2020 (n = 408, from 131 institutions). Just under half had their SURE canceled, and the others engaged in modified SUREs. Students whose SUREs were canceled had reduced anxiety severity (p < 0.05), but greater concerns about graduate school matriculation (p < 0.001), compared with students with modified SUREs. Results suggest that modified SUREs are a reasonable path forward under conditions where in-person contact is untenable. Results point toward potential improvements in higher education practices that may enhance student well-being following disruptive events. Program directors can address potential causes of anxiety in modified SUREs, advocate for student-centered adjustments to graduate admission processes, and use experiences during COVID-19 as a springboard to broaden participation in undergraduate research.

BIOMATH 2023 International Conference and School for Young Scientists: A Personal View

An average person, if asked on the street about the subject of biomathematics, might look a little bewildered: many people, while thinking about biology, in fact think about the respective school subject and just cannot phatom the use of mathematics there. However, even common flowers such as yellow chamomiles or sunflowers show in their middles arrangements described by the Fibonacci numbers, a fact noticed and used since middle ages. That is, studies in mathematical/theoretical biology, or biomathematics, actually need to cover all of biology and, additionally, such fields of mathematics as stochastics, operations research, and computer science, which enables researchers, for example, to shorten experiments' times from decades to mere minutes with the help of appropriate mathematical models implemented on computers. To this end, scientists in many disciplines need to work together in order to create realistic simulations. The series of annual BIOMATH conferences, held regularly since 1995, helps along this way and connects scientists applying "mathematical and computational tools to the study of phenomena in the broad fields of biology, ecology, medicine, biophysics, biochemistry, pharmacokinetics, chemoinformatics, biotechnology, bioengineering, environmental science" from around the world.

An Investigation of Proving-Related Tasks in Geometry: The Case of Grade 8 Korean Textbooks

Proof and reasoning, as one of five process standards, is well recognized as fundamental to student learning of mathematics and important in the field of mathematics as well as school mathematics. Despite calls for proof to play a central role in school mathematics, there have been studies which documented that not much of textbook is devoted to tasks in which students engage proving-related activities. This study was designed to investigate the nature of proving-related tasks in chapters where Euclidian geometry is covered at Grade 8 and examined all of the available textbooks in Korea. Proving-related tasks were examined with respect to how frequently proving-related tasks appear in textbook and what kind of proving-related activity students engage. Results of this study showed that the proportions of proving-related tasks varied greatly across textbooks ranging from 12 percent to 32.9 percent and the most frequent type of proving-related activity was testing the truth of a conjecture. Also, tasks coded for providing a proof were analyzed using the RGCP model and the results revealed that the vast majority of them was at the highest level of the model.

PENERAPAN DIMENSI FRAKTAL BOX COUNTING DAN K-MEDOIDS UNTUK DETEKSI JENIS HEWAN KINGDOM MAMALIA BERDASARKAN MOTIF TUBUH

Mammals are a group of vertebrate animals that have characteristics such as hair and mammary glands. And the kingdom of mammals is one of the kingdoms with a large number of species. The shape, color, and size of animals belonging to the mammalian kingdom can vary greatly. These differences can be distinguished by the characteristics of animals such as the distinctive shape of their body motifs. For image processing, the method that has been used to identify features in an image is edge detection. In the field of mathematics that is widely used to study the irregular shape of an object is fractal geometry. In this research, grouping of animals based on their body motifs based on fractal dimensions was carried out. 120 animal images were obtained in the mammal kingdom which will be processed through segmentation which obtains the region of animal body motifs. The region obtained will be used to determine the pattern of body motifs with Canny edge detection. Then it will be calculated using the box counting method and produce fractal dimension values ​​for the cluster stage. The results of the experimental K-Medoids Clustering method from six clusters, namely cheetahs, tigers, leopards, hyenas, giraffes, and zebras, have an accuracy of 84.16%.&#x0D; Keywords: Mammal Animal Body Motives, Box Counting, K-Medoids.

Analysis of Research Trends on General Mathematics at Universities : Focusing on Papers Published in Korean Journals Over the Past 10 Years

In this study, in order to provide a developmental discussion on general mathematics in universities and the direction for follow-up research, research trends were examined for papers published in Korean domestic academic journals over the past 10 years. The results of the research are as follows: First, among studies related to mathematics education and general education, research on general mathematics in universities is severely lacking. Considering that nearly all universities offer courses related to general mathematics, professors and researchers responsible for general mathematics should dedicate more attention to research on general college mathematics. Second, concerning the subjects and content areas of mathematics, research on general mathematics shows a bias towards basic general mathematics for science and engineering students. Therefore, there is a need for research on basic general mathematics for students in the humanities and social sciences, as well as research on pure general mathematics applicable to all students. Third, there is a lack of research on evaluation and educational technology in the field of general mathematics. Evaluation plays a crucial role in education, and it is important to conduct research on the evaluation of general mathematics and the utilization of educational technology, especially considering the increasing emphasis on the use of various technological tools in mathematics education. Fourth, in terms of research methods, the majority of studies focus on quantitative research. Therefore, it is necessary to employ diverse research methods that are suitable for the teaching and learning environment of general mathematics. Fifth, concerning the research topic on teaching and learning, while there have been numerous studies targeting science and engineering students, there is a need for a variety of studies on teaching and learning that encompass all students, including those in the humanities and social sciences, as well as the professors themselves.

Оптимизации режимов работы судовой холодильной установки с аккумулятором искусственного холода

The ways of optimizing the operation of a refrigeration unit for fishing and refrigerated vessels with the additional inclusion of artificial cold storage devices are investigated. For this purpose, a new technology of cold storage has been developed on the basis of a refrigerating machine with direct contact between media and ice production. The refrigerant RC318 was taken as freon which does not form crystalline hydrates. Based on this, the optimization of the operation of a single-stage refrigeration machine was carried out using the Lagrange multiplier method for the target function of energy consumption, calculated by reducing the exergy flow in the system. The data obtained show the relevance and prospects of using cold accumulation on ships to reduce energy costs for the operation of refrigeration equipment and increase the autonomy of fishing vessels. Optimization according to the given method leads to two modes of operation of the refrigerating machine, as the most optimally beneficial in terms of operating conditions during the generation of cold. Optimization was carried out for two schemes for including a cold accumulator in the cold supply system. The proposed optimization methods make it possible to reduce the energy consumption of refrigeration units to the level of design loads, and to compensate for peak loads with the help of cold from batteries. Further research in this matter is aimed at reducing the size of the battery, increasing its energy efficiency and developing recommendations for inclusion in the general schemes of ship refrigeration plants based on mathematical optimization models and field experiments. It also plans to further improve the methods of cold accumulation based on ice generation with direct contact of media inside refrigeration units.

Pre-Service Teachers’ Inquisitiveness in Mathematics Learning

Inquisitiveness is a critical thinking disposition that is important in the inquiry process because it relates to the tendency to ask questions. However, studies on inquisitiveness in the domain of mathematics learning are still limited. Several previous studies have only explained inquisitiveness based on general attitudes without involving the context of the field of mathematics. This study aims to describe the inquisitiveness of mathematics prospective teacher students which is showed in asking questions. This research is a qualitative research with prospective teacher students at Universitas Pesantren Tinggi Darul Ulum as the participants. The research data was collected through tests, observations, and interviews. The results of the study show that the tendency of prospective mathematics teacher students to ask effective questions when responding to information in mathematical problems is still low. Prospective teachers cannot always ask questions even if they do not understand the rationale behind a statement. Another finding from this study is that even though prospective teachers can ask questions in discussion, their questions cannot meet the inquisitiveness criteria because they are less successful in developing in-depth understanding.

Pre-service teachers’ inquisitiveness in mathematics learning

Inquisitiveness is a critical thinking disposition that is important in the inquiry process because it relates to the tendency to ask questions. However, studies on inquisitiveness in the domain of mathematics learning are still limited. Several previous studies have only explained inquisitiveness based on general attitudes without involving the context of the field of mathematics. This study aims to describe the inquisitiveness of mathematics prospective teacher students which is showed in asking questions. This research is a qualitative research with prospective teacher students at Universitas Pesantren Tinggi Darul Ulum as the participants. The research data was collected through tests, observations, and interviews. The results of the study show that the tendency of prospective mathematics teacher students to ask effective questions when responding to information in mathematical problems is still low. Prospective teachers cannot always ask questions even if they do not understand the rationale behind a statement. Another finding from this study is that even though prospective teachers can ask questions in discussion, their questions cannot meet the inquisitiveness criteria because they are less successful in developing in-depth understanding.

Forecasting the S&amp;P 500 Index Using Mathematical-Based Sentiment Analysis and Deep Learning Models: A FinBERT Transformer Model and LSTM

Stock price prediction has been a subject of significant interest in the financial mathematics field. Recently, interest in natural language processing models has increased, and among them, transformer models, such as BERT and FinBERT, are attracting attention. This study uses a mathematical framework to investigate the effects of human sentiment on stock movements, especially in text data. In particular, FinBERT, a domain-specific language model based on BERT tailored for financial language, was employed for the sentiment analysis on the financial texts to extract sentiment information. In this study, we use “summary” text data extracted from The New York Times, representing concise summaries of news articles. Accordingly, we apply FinBERT to the summary text data to calculate sentiment scores. In addition, we employ the LSTM (Long short-term memory) methodology, one of the machine learning models, for stock price prediction using sentiment scores. Furthermore, the LSTM model was trained by stock price data and the estimated sentiment scores. We compared the predictive power of LSTM models with and without sentiment analysis based on error measures such as MSE, RMSE, and MAE. The empirical results demonstrated that including sentiment scores through the LSTM model led to improved prediction accuracy for all three measures. These findings indicate the significance of incorporating news sentiment into stock price predictions, shedding light on the potential impact of psychological factors on financial markets. By using the FinBERT transformer model, this study aimed to investigate the interplay between sentiment and stock price predictions, contributing to a deeper understanding of mathematical-based sentiment analysis in finance and its role in enhancing forecasting in financial mathematics. Furthermore, we show that using summary data instead of entire news articles is a useful strategy for mathematical-based sentiment analysis.

The importance of recruitment and retention in Heliophysics: it’s not just a pipeline problem

A major obstacle in cultivating a robust Heliophysics (and broader scientific) community is the lack of diversity throughout science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. For many years, this has been understood as a “leaky pipeline” analogy, in which predominately minority students initially interested in STEM gradually fall (or are pushed) out of the field on their way to a scientific research position. However, this ignores critical structural and policy issues which drive even later career Ph.D.s out of a career in Heliophysics. We identify here several systemic problems that inhibit many from participating fully in the Heliophysics community, including soft money pressure, lack of accessibility and equity, power imbalances, lack of accountability, friction in collaboration, and difficulties in forming mentorship bonds. We present several recommendations to empower research-supporting organizations to help create a culture of inclusion, openness, and innovative science.

Graphs Defined on Rings: A Review

The study on graphs emerging from different algebraic structures such as groups, rings, fields, vector spaces, etc. is a prominent area of research in mathematics, as algebra and graph theory are two mathematical fields that focus on creating and analysing structures. There are numerous studies linking algebraic structures and graphs, which began with the introduction of Cayley graphs of groups. Several algebraic graphs have been defined on rings, a fast-growing area in the literature. In this article, we systematically review the literature on some variants of Cayley graphs that are defined on rings and highlight the properties and characteristics of such graphs, to showcase the research in this area.

Learning About Assistive Technology from High School.

This communication will present an educative and research project that has linked the creation of 3D Assistive Technology (AT) for people with disabilities with the training of students of secondary education. STEMBach educational program aims to provide quality scientific education to secondary school students in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) through research projects. Specifically, the text focuses on one project proposed by the TALIONIS research group, which uses 3D printers to design and create assistive technology (AT) for people with disabilities. The project involves students from eight different high schools and ten individuals with disabilities from four non-governmental organizations. The students design and print the AT using software such as Tinkercad and Cura Software. After testing the AT, outcome measurement instruments are used to validate their effectiveness. The project is based on a Learning-by-doing methodology with a structure of service-learning, and the involvement of the students is voluntary. The objectives of the project are to involve the students in research and innovation, to generate resources and AT for people with disabilities, and to determine the effects of AT on the lives of its users. Finally, the project leads to identifying new needs of people with disabilities that could be addressed through further research work.

Positive Operator Frame for Hilbert C*-modules

Positive Operator Frame for Hilbert C*-modules

Unveiling the Potential of Sheffer Polynomials: Exploring Approximation Features with Jakimovski–Leviatan Operators

In this article, we explore the construction of Jakimovski–Leviatan operators for Durrmeyer-type approximation using Sheffer polynomials. Constructing positive linear operators for Sheffer polynomials enables us to analyze their approximation properties, including weighted approximations and convergence rates. The application of approximation theory has earned significant attention from scholars globally, particularly in the fields of engineering and mathematics. The investigation of these approximation properties and their characteristics holds considerable importance in these disciplines.

First Year Engineering Students’ Difficulties with Math Courses- What Is the Starting Point for Academic Teachers?

The discussion about first-year engineering students’ difficulties in mathematics is continuous in the fields of engineering, mathematics and higher education. The present study aimed to examine the initial barriers academic math teachers need to have in mind if they want to improve students’ performance in engineering math courses through appropriate teaching practices in order to face their initial interindividual differences. During the first phase of the study, we examined first year engineering students’ initial beliefs about the nature of mathematics, their self-efficacy beliefs about mathematics and their basic mathematical knowledge. The math school grade was used for their previous mathematical performance. Results indicated the predominant role of the previous mathematical knowledge and the important role of the formalistic disposition toward mathematics. The lack of experience of using mathematics for problem-solving situations within an engineering framework prevented students from recognizing and appreciating the value of mathematical courses during the engineering studies. The second phase of the study examined, through an interview with a group of students, their perceptions of the teaching practices which were introduced after their teacher attended a training program. The discussion concentrates on how academics can use teaching processes for equity and not equality in order to motivate their students.

Untangling the relationship between BMI and academic achievement in the elementary years.

Although the negative relationship between BMI and academic achievement (AA) is well documented, no prior studies have investigated the potential bi-directional relationship between BMI and AA in childhood. We investigated the longitudinal relationships between child BMI and AA across different school subjects (reading, math and science) and sexes. To do so, we employed the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study kindergarten cohort (2011), which is a nationally representative sample of American children who entered kindergarten in 2010-2011. We utilised the kindergarten-fifth grade longitudinal sample (n 17480) and applied cross-lagged panel models with fixed effects to address unobserved heterogeneity. Our results showed significant but small reciprocal relationships between BMI and math/science achievement for girls (n 8540) (year-to-year effect sizes ranged from -0·01 to -0·04), but not for reading. In contrast, we did not find any evidence of reciprocal relationships between BMI and AA for boys (n 8940). Our results reveal that early weight status and academic performance may be jointly responsible for a vicious cycle of poor AA and unhealthy weight. Breaking the cycle from AA may complement existing obesity prevention strategies, particularly for girls in the science, technology, engineering and mathematics field.

Career decision-making readiness among students’ in the system of higher education: career course intervention

Career decision-making is a complicated process in which students must understand themselves. In this paper, the influence of the implemented “Career development” course on the Toraighyrov University undergraduate students’ readiness for career decision-making was analyzed. The Career Decision-making Difficulties Questionnaire (CDMDQ) and it was used to test the hypothesis that by implementing “Career Development” course the level of students’ career decision-making readiness would increase. The participants were 104 students at Toraighyrov University, divided equally into the control and experimental groups (52 students each). The experimental group, unlike the control group, took the “Career Development” course for 15 weeks. Students were randomly chosen from humanities (psychology, education, journalism, and social work) and Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (electrical engineering, computer science, and metallurgical engineering) fields. The average age of participants was 21 years. The results show that there is significant difference in pre-course and post-course testing in each of the career decision-making difficulties cluster: (1) Lack of Readiness; (2) Lack of Information and (3) Inconsistent information in experimental in comparison to control group.

Empowering Girls in STEM: The Transformative Impact of Early Exposure to Education in Male-Dominated Fields

This research paper examines the transformative impact of early exposure to education in male-dominated fields of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) on empowering girls. Through an extensive literature review and empirical analysis, the study investigates the significance of introducing women to STEM education and activities from an early age. The research highlights the positive correlation between early exposure to STEM and their confidence, self-efficacy, and determination to excel in traditionally male-dominated fields. By delving into the experiences and perceptions of girls who have undergone early STEM exposure, this paper sheds light on the barriers they overcome and the opportunities that arise from such interventions. The findings emphasize the crucial role of early empowerment in narrowing the gender gap in STEM and fostering a more inclusive and equitable workforce for the future. Additionally, the study proposes actionable recommendations for educators, policymakers, and stakeholders to further support and sustain the momentum of empowering girls in STEM through early education initiatives. Index Terms- Early Exposure Empowerment Gender Equality STEM Education

Coefficients of Multilinear Forms on Sequence Spaces

The investigation of regularity/summability properties of the coefficients of bilinear forms in sequence spaces was initiated by Littlewood in 1930. Nowadays, this topic has important connections with other fields of Pure and Applied Mathematics. In this paper we explore a regularity technique to obtain optimal parameters for several results in this framework, extending/generalizing theorems of Osikiewicz and Tonge (Linear Algebra Appl 331:1–9, 2001), Albuquerque et al. (J Funct Anal 266:3726–3740, 2016), Aron et al. (Linear Algebra Appl 531:399–422, 2017), Albuquerque and Rezende (Commun Contemp Math 20:1750087, 2018), Paulino (Rend Circ Mat Palermo 69:369–380, 2020), among others.

Analysis of Psychological Factors Influencing Mathematical Achievement and Machine Learning Classification

This study analyzed the psychological factors that influence mathematical achievement in order to classify students’ mathematical achievement. Here, we employed linear regression to investigate the variables that contribute to mathematical achievement, and we found that self-efficacy, math-efficacy, learning approach motivation, and reliance on academies affect mathematical achievement. These variables are derived from the Test of Learning Psychology (TLP), a psychological test developed by Able Edutech Inc. specifically to measure students’ learning psychology in the mathematics field. We then conducted machine learning classification with the identified variables. As a result, the random forest model demonstrated the best performance, achieving accuracy values of 73% (Test 1) and 81% (Test 2), with F1-scores of 79% (Test 1) and 82% (Test 2). Finally, students’ skills were classified according to the TLP items. The results demonstrated that students’ academic abilities could be identified using a psychological test in the field of mathematics. Thus, the TLP results can serve as a valuable resource to develop personalized learning programs and enhance students’ mathematical skills.