Maternal Antenatal Care Research Articles

Undernutrition before two years in Algeria: Repeated cross-sectional analyses (2012-13 to 2018-19)

Background Algeria has made significant progress in addressing childhood undernutrition. Despite improvements, nearly 12% of Algerian children under five years of age suffered from stunting in 2022. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of three indicators of undernutrition (stunting, wasting, and underweight) and their associated variables in children aged 0–23 months in Algeria between 2013 and 2019. Methods Pooled data from Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) (2012-13 and 2018-19) covering 14,498 children were used. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to test the associations. Results Stunting decreased significantly, but wasting and being underweight showed no significant reductions from 2013 to 2019. Stunting, wasting, and underweight decreased by 2.2%, 1.3%, and 0.3%, respectively, with an overall prevalence of 10.1%, 5.4%, and 3.6%, respectively. Factors associated with undernutrition included child age and small size at birth, whereas stunting was linked to the poorest households, male children, higher maternal body mass index (BMI), and low antenatal care (ANC) visits. Wasting was associated with younger age and paternal age, fewer maternal ANC visits, underweight male sex, low maternal education, high maternal BMI, and delayed breastfeeding initiation. Conclusion Public health experts and stakeholders must adopt a comprehensive community-centered approach to achieve long-term improvements in child nutrition in Algeria. This strategy should focus on key factors including high maternal BMI, low maternal education, male children, and infrequent ANC visits. This action can help Algeria progress towards achieving the UN’s goal of eradicating malnutrition.

The nexus between maternal antenatal care attendance, newborn postnatal care and neonatal mortality in India: a matched case-control study

IntroductionOur study examines the relationship between newborn postnatal care and neonatal mortality stratified by maternal antenatal care attendance under a matched case-control framework.MethodsData from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey was used. A total of 172,079 recent births to eligible women (15–49 years) in five years preceding the survey were included in the study. We used the conditional logistic regression model, a commonly used regression model to fit matched case-control data to examine the effects of newborn postnatal care on neonatal mortality. The mother’s age at birth of the newborn, previous birth intervals, birth order of the newborn, and birthsize of the newborn were included as the matching variables.ResultsNewborns receiving postnatal care within two days or more than two days of birth are less likely to die during the neonatal period. Preferences for newborn postnatal care were also observed to increase with more maternal antenatal care visits. Our study also found a lower risk of neonatal mortality among those newborns whose umbilical cord was examined within two days of birth, regardless of the number of maternal antenatal care visits. Similarly, the risk of newborn deaths was lower among babies whose body temperature was measured within two days of birth. The tendency to breastfeed their newborns within an hour after delivery was considerably higher among those births that occurred to mothers who had a higher number of maternal antenatal care visits. The risk of newborn deaths was also observed to be lower among those born in public or private healthcare facilities.ConclusionConsidering the cohesive nature of the relationship between neonatal mortality and maternal and child healthcare utilisation, strategic planning and management of the existing policies and programmes related to accessibility, availability, and affordability of maternal and child healthcare services is needed to achieve goal 3.2 of the Sustainable Development Goals. Promoting cost-effective measures such as continuous monitoring of the baby’s body temperature and umbilical cord care could also effectively help reduce neonatal mortality.

Factors Associated with Vaccination Coverage among 0-59-Month-Old Children: A Multilevel Analysis of the 2020 Somaliland Demographic and Health Survey.

Globally, there has been little growth in vaccination coverage, with countries in the Horn of Africa having the lowest vaccination rates. This study investigated factors associated with vaccination status among children under five years old in Somaliland. The 2020 Somaliland Demographic and Health Survey surveyed women aged 15-49 years from randomly selected households. This multilevel analysis included 2673 primary caregivers of children under five. Only 34% of children were ever vaccinated. Childhood vaccination coverage was positively associated with high-budget regions, high healthcare facility density, and children older than 23 months. Vaccination coverage was greater for urban and rural residents than for nomadic people. Children whose mothers could read part of one sentence or one complete sentence were more likely to be vaccinated than illiterate mothers. Children whose mothers received antenatal care (ANC) once, two to three times, or four times or more were more likely to be vaccinated than those whose mothers received no ANC. Childhood vaccination coverage in Somaliland is low. Promoting maternal ANC visits and increasing women's literacy may enhance vaccination coverage. Funds should be allocated to areas with low resources, particularly for nomadic people, to boost vaccination uptake.

The Correlation Between Preconception Body Mass Index And Upper Arm Circumference With The Incidence Of Anemia In Third-Trimester Pregnant Women In The Working Area Of Waru Public Health Center

Anemia during pregnancy is a condition in which the body of pregnant woman experiences reduction in hemoglobin levels due to iron deficiency during pregnancy period, potentially causing complications. This research aims to determine the relationship between preconception body mass index (BMI) and upper arm circumference (UAC) with the occurrence of anemia in third-trimester pregnant women in the Waru Public Health Center working area. The method employed is quantitative analytic observational, using cross-sectional study design, and using secondary data taken from maternal antenatal care (ANC) records. Respondents were 94 third trimester pregnant women selected through simple random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and calculation of the odds ratio (OR). The results indicated a prevalence of 53.2% for anemia occurring in third-trimester pregnant women in the Waru Public Health Center. Analysis using chi-square obtained p-value = 0.045 and OR = 2.329 for preconception body mass index (BMI) with the occurrence of anemia in third-trimester pregnancy, p-value = 0.276 and OR = 2.864 for preconception upper arm circumference (UAC) with the occurrence of anemia in third-trimester pregnancy. These results showed that there is a association between preconception body mass index (BMI) and the occurrence of anemia in third-trimester pregnancy, while there is no association between preconception upper arm circumference (UAC) and the occurrence of anemia in third-trimester pregnancy. It is expected that women of reproductive age who are preparing for pregnancy will maintain a normal nutritional status during the preconception period to prevent pregnancy anemia as an early intervention.

Association between unintended pregnancy and maternal antenatal care services use in Ethiopia: analysis of Ethiopian demographic and health survey 2016.

Unintended pregnancy disproportionately affects women in low and middle-income countries including Ethiopia. Previous studies identified the magnitude and negative health outcomes of unintended pregnancy. However, studies that examined the relationship between antenatal care (ANC) utilization and unintended pregnancy are scarce. This study aimed to examine the relationship between unintended pregnancy and ANC utilization in Ethiopia. This is a cross-sectional study conducted using the fourth and most recent Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) data. The study comprised a weighted sample of 7,271 women with last alive birth and responded to questions on unintended pregnancy and ANC use. The association between unintended pregnancy and ANC uptake was determined using multilevel logistic regression models adjusted for possible confounders. Finally p < 5% was considered significant. Unintended pregnancy accounted for nearly a quarter of all pregnancies (26.5%). After adjusting for confounders, a 33% (AOR: 0.67; 95% CI, 0.57-0.79) lower odds of at least one ANC uptake and a 17% (AOR: 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70-0.99) lower odds of early ANC booking were found among women who had unintended pregnancy compared to women with intended pregnancy. However, this study founds no association (AOR: 0.88; 95% CI, 0.74, 1.04) between unintended pregnancy and four or more ANC visits. Our study found that having unintended pregnancy was associated with a 17 and 33% reduction in early initiation and use of ANC services, respectively. Policies and programs designed to intervene against barriers to early initiation and use of ANC should consider unintended pregnancy.

Risk Factors For Stunting In Toddlers

This study aims to analyze several risk factors for stunting in children under five that are rarely studied in Indonesia and the Province of East Nusa Tenggara, namely factors of water, hygiene, environmental sanitation, history of the quantity of maternal ANC visits during pregnancy, and family food security. This research was conducted in the working area of ​​the Noemuti Health Center. This research is an analytic observational study with a case-control study approach and consists of a case sample of 36 toddlers and a control sample of 36 toddlers. Data analysis in this research is a bivariate analysis using the chi-square test. The results of the analysis show that eight variables are risk factors for stunting in toddlers in the work area of ​​the Noemuti Health Center in 2021, namely birth distance, family food security, adequacy of clean water, clean water sources, physical quality of clean water, mother's hand washing habits with soap and running water, history of quantity of maternal antenatal care visits during pregnancy, and frequency of illness. Health promotion efforts and cross-sectoral cooperation are needed to tackle the stunting problem.

P21 - Mobile Midwives Transforming Midwifery Care

Despite abundant research demonstrating the benefits of ‘continuity of care, Australian women are still receiving fragmented care in a system that does little to reduce their anxiety. What can we do to make a difference to women’s satisfaction with their birth experience? How can we increase the number of women having joyful birth experience? It has been a hot topic for midwifery researchers for many years and yet progress has not been sustained. Continuity of Care models such as Midwifery Group Practice (MGP), Caseloads, and even Maternal Antenatal and Postnatal Care (MAPS provide a great deal of promise. Sometimes the ability for the teams to provide continuity is limited because of rostering, leave workloads and staff availability. There are some Community Midwifery Programs being run through the public system which provide continuity of care and choice of birthplace (home or hospital). These are ideal and can truly provide women with the same midwives throughout the pregnancy and at birth. It would be optimal if these systems could be replicated around the country. Services need to optimize their efforts and gain efficiencies. It is beneficial for hospitals to examine options. Satisfied midwives result in less downtime. My book Mobile Midwives Transforming Birth Options describes a way four midwives developed a business providing antenatal care, birthplace of choice and postnatal care with continuity of care from the same primary midwife with a known backup midwife. Midwives in each of your areas should look for opportunities to make change, keeping women central to your thoughts and design innovative programs that will help.

Faktor–Faktor yang Melatarbelakangi Kunjungan ANC pada Ibu Hamil

Antenatal care (antenatal care) is very important to be known by pregnant women because it can help reduce maternal and infant mortality. The preliminary study on BPS dilaksaakan Ny. “F”, Gayaman Village Subdistrict Mojoanyar Mojokerto 8 pregnant women (80%) did not perform as scheduled prenatal visit ANC and 2 pregnant women (20%) ANC visit schedule regularity ANC. The purpose of the study to determine the factors underlying the ANC in pregnant women. Type a descriptive study. Variable factors behind research ANC. Population of 35 respondents. Sampling technique that uses sampling and a total sample of 35 respondents. The experiment was conducted in BPS NY “F” on 28 January to 04 February 2021, using a questionnaire. Data collection techniques using the editing, coding, scoring, data entry, cleaning and presentation of data. Based on the results, the majority of respondents multigravida total of 19 respondents (54.3%), less than half of the respondents have socioeconomic Rp. 1.071 million by 14 respondents (40%), less than half of the respondents are knowledgeable enough about the positive attitude about the ANC were 21 respondents (60%). Different causes of maternal antenatal care because of parity, socio-economic, maternal knowledge and attitudes about the ANC. Pregnant women with better knowledge, more frequent antenatal visits than pregnant women with less knowledge. The conclusions in this study parity, socioeconomic, knowledge and sikap mother affects mothers in ANC visit. Therefore health workers to provide counseling to pregnant women about the importance of antenatal care through public lectures and interviews with clients, by communicating health messages are organized by the department of health through health centers.

Different Types of Abnormalities of Newborn with Congenital Anomalies

Introduction: Congenital anomalies are structural, behavioral, functional, or metabolic defects that occur before the birth of a baby, and their nature and type are highly dependent on the causative agent. It refers to changes in embryonic or fetal development caused by genetic, environmental, or unknown factors that result in physical and/or mental impairment. This study aims to evaluate the various types of abnormalities in newborns with congenital anomalies. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Pediatric Medicine and Pediatric Surgery departments of Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Eighty (80) newborns were included in the study using a purposive sampling method. The study was conducted during the time from April 2012 to September 2012. The aim of the study was to evaluate the various types of abnormalities in newborns with congenital anomalies. A pre-designed questionnaire was completed for every neonate including H/O regular maternal antenatal care with the taking of TT and MMR vaccine, any maternal disease or fever with rash, taking any offending drug, use of abortifacient, exposure to radiation or industrial hazards, feeding habit including smoking or use of alcohol and clinical and anthropological examination. Results: Eighty neonates were presented with congenital anomalies. Male infants were 52(65.0%) and female infants were 28(35.0%). Among congenital heart diseases TGA found in 4(5.0%), TOF 2(2.5%), VSD 4(5.0%), PDA 5(6.3) cases. According to the patient’s abnormalities, hydrocephalus was found in 14(17.5%), encephalocele in 4(5.0%) &amp; meningocele, myelomeningocele was found in 13(16.3%) cases. Club foot in 8(10.0%) syndactyly, polydactyly was in 6(7.5%) and cleft lip and palate were in 16(20.0%) cases. Anorectal malformations were observed in 11(13.8%) cases. Ambiguous genitalia were 11(13.8%) cases. Previous maternal history of abnormal delivery shows Encephalocele, meningocele, myelomeningocele, club foot was 9(11.4%), IUGR 3(3.8%), preterm birth 7(8.8%), stillbirth 3(3.8%) and infants death was 3(3.8%). Conclusion: Most frequent birth defect was cleft lip and/or palate followed by congenital heart diseases, hydrocephalus, myelomeningocele, ambiguous genitalia, and anorectal malformations. The study of birth defects in underdeveloped countries should continue.

Predictors of Mortality in Neonatal Tetanus: A Retrospective Study From a Medical College in Rural North India

Background Studies on factors affecting mortality in neonatal tetanus (NNT) are mostly from other developing countries. Although NNT has been eliminated from India, cases are still occasionally reported from rural areas. Moreover, there is paucity of such studies from India. Hence, this study was aimed to identify risk factors affecting NNT mortality so that case fatality can be minimized especially in resource-limited settings. Methods The records of the 32 neonates diagnosed as NNT over a period of 8 years (2013-2020) were reviewed, and a statistical comparison of various variables between survivors and nonsurvivors was made. Results The overall case fatality rate in our study was 75%. Determinants of mortality in these cases were low birthweight, short incubation period, short period of onset, delay in seeking medical attention, presence of comorbidity, dose of tetanus immunoglobulin &lt; 250 IU, and an unknown entry site of infection. Gender and place of delivery were not associated with increased mortality. Conclusion Improved maternal antenatal care (birthweight and gestation), recognition of the disease at onset of symptoms, and early hospital contact are important, in addition to optimum supportive care, to reduce NNT mortality.

Determinants of low birth weight among newborns delivered at Tirunesh Beijing General Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a case-control study

BackgroundLow birth weight is weight less than 2500 g or 5.5 lb. at birth. Globally, more than 20 million infants (15-20%) are born with a low birth weight each year. Birth weight is the primary indicator of the health status of neonates and is the primary factor that determines the infant’s physical, survival, and mental growth. Thus, the study aimed to investigate the determinants of low birth weight among newborn babies delivered at Tirunesh Beijing General Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsWe performed a facility-based unmatched case-control study among 453 (151 cases and 302 controls) deliveries conducted at Tirunesh Beijing General Hospital. Birth records and maternal antenatal care (ANC) files were reviewed from March 1 to April 30, 2019. Consecutive sampling was employed to select study participants. Data were entered into Epi-data version 4.2.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 25 statistical software. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were computed to identify independent determinants of low birth weight. A p-value of ≤0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.ResultFour hundred fifty-three birth records of babies (151 cases and 302 controls) were reviewed. Women who reside in rural area [AOR (CI) = 3.12 (1.63-5.98)], being merchant [(AOR (CI) = 2.90 (1.03-8.22)], danger sign during pregnancy [(AOR (CI) = 4.14 (1.68-10.2)], and maternal weight during pregnancy [(AOR (CI) = 4.94 (3.26-7.52)] were found to be a significant determinants of low birth weight.ConclusionResidence, occupation, danger signs, and maternal weight during pregnancy were significant determinants of low birth weight. Socioeconomic development, early detection and management of complications, and encouraging nutrition and weight during pregnancy are crucial for minimizing the risk of delivering low birth weight babies.

Frequency and Factors Associated with Cesarean Section in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Southern Punjab, Pakistan

Background: There is a large variation in the frequency of cesarean section in different countries and in different regions of the same country. To reduce the country-wide disparity in this mode of delivery, WHO has set in an optimal range of 10–15%. In Pakistan, the rate of cesarean sections has increased over time. Rising rate of cesarean section may be associated with maternal age, antenatal care, parity, fetal lie and presentation, comorbidities, previous cesarean section, maternal choice, and clinical management policies. Objective: To determine the frequency and factors related to the cesarean section in females in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern Punjab of Pakistan. Methodology: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted from 1st March 2020 to 31st December 2020. Two hundred and five females fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled applying the statistical formula. A predesigned questionnaire was applied to collect data at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Bahawalpur. The data were analyzed by using SPSS version 24. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 25.3±4.4 years; 45.4% of females belonged to the upper-middle class and 95.6% were housewives. The mean number of antenatal visits was 3.4±1. Overall, 72.7% of females had cesarean section deliveries. The risk factors associated with cesarean section were: previous cesarean section 34.6%, fetal distress 13.7%, cephalo-pelvic disproportion 12.7%, oligo-hydramnios 10.7%, low lying placenta 8.3%, abnormal lie presentation 6.8%, and failure to progress in labor 5.9%. Conclusion: The frequency of cesarean section was high. Major factors associated with cesarean section were previous cesarean section, education level, fetal distress, cephalo-pelvic disproportion, and oligo-hydramnios.

Knowledge and utilization of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV services among pregnant women in Tanzania

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection among children is mainly vectored through mother-to-child transmission. Prevention of mother-to-child-transmission strategy is highly effective; however, its accessibility and utilization is affected by the lack of knowledge among other factors.&#x0D; Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among antenatal care attendees in two districts in Tanzania to determine their knowledge and utilization of the prevention of MTCT services.&#x0D; Results: We interviewed 160 antenatal care attendees aged 18-45 years with a mean (SD) age of 30.4 (6.3) years; 74 (46.2 %) were HIV-infected. HIV-infected women demonstrated significantly correct knowledge of HIV (p=0.001) and AIDS (p=0.014) than uninfected individuals. HIV-infected women also significantly demonstrated correct knowledge of mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy than HIV-uninfected women (p=0.016) and during delivery (p=0.005). A significant proportion of HIV-positive women compared to HIV-negative women were aware that correct use of antiretroviral during pregnancy can reduce the risk of mother-to-child-transmission of HIV (p&lt;0.039), but only 6 (3.75%) of all women were aware that correct use of antiretroviral during delivery can significantly reduce the risk of mother-to-child-transmission. HIV-infected women had significant comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS (p=0.001) and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (p=0.006) than HIV-negative women. Comprehensive knowledge prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV was low among the study participants. Male partners’ involvement in maternal antenatal care was significantly higher among HIV-infected women than males from the HIV-infected women group (p&lt;0.006).&#x0D; Conclusion: The study demonstrated inadequate knowledge of PMTCT among women who made ANC visits. HIV uninfected women had poorer knowledge compared to the HIV-infected ones. Routine HIV counseling and testing services were highly accepted among these women.

Mortality and Immediate Hospital Outcome of New-born with Congenital Anomalies

Introduction: Congenital anomalies include all structural and functional alterations in embryonic or fetal development resulting from genetic, environmental or unknown causes, which result in physical and/or mental impairment. There may be single or multiple alterations with major or minor clinical significance. Each year, eight million children are born worldwide with congenital malformations, of which 3.3 million die before the age of five and 3.2 million of the survivors may be mentally and/or physically disabled. The Aim of the study was to evaluate the mortality and immediate hospital outcome of newborn with congenital anomalies. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Pediatric Medicine and Pediatric Surgery department of Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from April 2012 to September 2012. Eighty (80) newborns were included in the study using purposive sampling method. A pre designed questionnaire was completed for every neonate including H/O regular maternal antenatal care with taking of TT and MMR vaccine, any maternal disease or fever with rash, taking any offending drug, use of abortifacient, exposure to radiation or industrial hazards, feeding habit including smoking or use of alcohol and clinical and anthropological examination. After collecting, the data were processed and analyzed using computer aided statistical software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 16.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). Ethical clearance was taken from the Ethical Review Committee (ERC) of BICH, Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Results: Three fourth (75.0%) study patients (Infants) age belonged to 1-5 days and their mean age was 4.04±3.43 days with range from 1 to 16 days. Male infants were 65.0% (52) and female infants were 35. 0% (28). Almost one third (31.3%) mothers’ age belonged to 26-30 years and their mean age was 25.11±5.21 years and almost two third (65.0%) mothers’ ........

Association between maternal antenatal care visits and newborn low birth weight in Bangladesh: a national representative survey

Background: Low Birth Weight (LBW) is a global health concern for childhood mortality and morbidity. The objectives of this study were to assess the association between the number of Antenatal Care Visits (ANC) and LBW among Bangladeshi newborns, and to identify the demographic and socio-economic predictors of LBW. Methods: Our present cross-sectional study is based on the secondary data of the Bangladesh Demography and Health Survey (BDHS) 2014. Complete data of 4,235 (weighted) mother-child pairs were included in the analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of LBW among newborns were found to be 19.3% (95% CI: 17.8-20.9). Among the mothers who received antenatal care services 1-3 times during pregnancy, 35% had less possibility of having LBW babies [COR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.50-0.85]. The association remained significant after adjusting the analysis with the sex of the newborn, administrative regions (division), maternal educational status, mother’s weight status and fathers’ occupation [AOR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.55-0.99]. Additionally, the sex of the newborn, division, maternal education, maternal weight status, and fathers’ occupational status were found to be significantly associated with LBW. Conclusion: Increasing the coverage of antenatal services and enabling mothers to receive quality antenatal services may substantially contribute to reducing the prevalence of LBW in Bangladesh.

Uptake challenges of intermittent preventive malaria therapy among pregnant women and their health care providers in the Upper West Region of Ghana: A mixed-methods study

BackgroundMalaria in pregnancy remains a major public health problem in endemic countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Existing interventions such as intermittent preventive therapy in pregnancy (IPTp) using sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) are effective against placental malaria. However, low uptake of this intervention is a challenge in SSA. This study assessed factors affecting IPTp-SP uptake among pregnant women as well as their health care providers, including health system-related factors. MethodsFrom November 2018 until May 2019 a mixed-methods study was conducted in one urban and one rural district of the Upper West Region of Ghana. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to recruit 740 3rd trimester pregnant women and 74 health service providers from 37 antenatal care (ANC) facilities. Quantitative data was collected through a standard questionnaire from pregnant women and ANC service providers. Three focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted in each district with pregnant women who had defaulted on their IPTp doses to collect information about the challenges in accessing IPTp-SP. The primary outcome was the uptake of IPTp-SP during antenatal care visits. In addition, the health care provider and health system-related factors on the administration of SP were assessed, as well as details of folic acid (FA) supplementation. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Poisson regression. ResultsResponses from 697 pregnant women were analysed. Of these, 184 (26.4%) had taken the third dose of SP (SP3) in line with international guidelines. IPTp-SP uptake was low and significantly associated with the number of maternal ANC contacts and their gestational age at 1st ANC contact. Most pregnant women were regularly co-administered SP together with 5 mg of FA, in contrast to the international recommendations of 0.4 mg FA. The main challenges to IPTp-SP uptake were missed ANC contacts, knowledge deficiencies among pregnant women of the importance of IPTp, and frequent drug stock outs, which was confirmed both from the ANC providers as well as from the pregnant women. Further challenges reported were provider negligence/absenteeism, adverse drug reactions, and mobile residency of pregnant women. ConclusionsThe uptake of IPTp-SP in the study area is still very low, which is partly explained by frequent drug stock outs at health facilities, staff absenteeism, knowledge deficiencies among pregnant women, and missed ANC contacts. The high dosing of co-administered FA is against international recommendations. These observations need to be addressed by the national public health authorities.

Incidence and Risk Factors Associated with Blood Culture Proven Neonatal Sepsis

INTRODUCTION&#x0D; Neonatal sepsis (sepsis neonatorum) is a clinical syndrome resulting from the pathophysiologic effects of local or systemic infection. This is a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world affecting newborns up to one month of age with clinical symptoms and positive blood cultures. This study aimed at examining the risk factors of neonatal sepsis at pediatric tertiary care hospital.&#x0D; &#x0D; MATERIAL AND METHODS&#x0D; This was a hospital based cross-sectional case control study conducted among 350 neonates admitted within April to September 2015 at the Kanti Children’s Hospital, Kathmandu Nepal. Cases were neonates who had sepsis and controls were neonates who did not have sepsis with their index mothers. CRP screening tests and blood culture was performed. Data were entered using the SPSS (Version 22). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the risk of neonatal sepsis.&#x0D; &#x0D; RESULTS&#x0D; A total of 59 (17%) neonates who had sepsis (cases) with their index mothers’ and 291 (83%) neonates who had no sepsis (controls) with their index mothers were enrolled. Maternal factors that predicted the occurrence of sepsis among neonates were parity (p&lt;0.027), mode of delivery (p&lt;0.001) and PROM (p&lt;0.001). Neonatal risk factors which predicted the occurrence of sepsis were duration of stay in the facility (p&lt;0.001) and neonatal age on admission (p&lt;0.001).&#x0D; &#x0D; CONCLUSION&#x0D; The study found both maternal and neonatal factors to have a strong association with the risk of developing neonatal sepsis. Encouraging maternal antenatal care utilization would help identify the risk factors during prenatal and postnatal care and appropriate interventions implemented to reduce the likelihood of the neonate developing sepsis.&#x0D;

Predictors of stillbirth among women who had given birth in Southern Ethiopia, 2020: A case-control study.

BackgroundAlthough the rate of stillbirth has decreased globally, it remains unacceptably high in low- and middle-income countries. Only ten countries including Ethiopia attribute more than 65% of global burden of still birth. Ethiopia has the 7th highest still birth rate in the world. Identifying the predictors of stillbirth is critical for developing successful interventions and monitoring public health programs. Although certain studies have assessed the predictors of stillbirth, they failed in identify the proximate predictors of stillbirth. In addition, the inconsistent findings in identify the predictors of stillbirth, and the methodological limitations in previously published works are some of the gaps. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the predictors of stillbirth among mothers who gave birth in six referral hospitals in Southern, Ethiopia.MethodsA hospital-based unmatched case-control study was conducted in six referral hospitals in Southern, Ethiopia from October 2019 to June 2020. Consecutive sampling techniques and simple random techniques were used to recruit cases and controls respectively. A structured standard tool was used to identify the predictors of stillbirth. Data were entered into Epi Info 7 and exported to SPSS 23 for analysis. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the independent predictors of stillbirth. The goodness of fit was tested using the Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness-of-fit. In this study P-value < 0.05 was considered to declare a result as a statistically significant association.ResultsIn this study 138 stillbirth cases and 269 controls were included. Women with multiple pregnancy [AOR = 2.98, 95%CI: 1.39–6.36], having preterm birth [AOR = 2.83, 95%CI: 1.58–508], having cesarean mode of delivery [AOR = 3.19, 95%CI: 1.87–5.44], having no ANC visit [AOR = 4.17, 95%CI: 2.38–7.33], and being hypertensive during pregnancy [AOR = 3.43, 95%CI: 1.93–6.06] were significantly associated with stillbirth.ConclusionsThe predictors of stillbirth identified are manageable and can be amenable to interventions. Therefore, strengthening maternal antenatal care utilization should be encouraged by providing appropriate information to the mothers. There is a need to identify, screen, and critically follow high-risk mothers: those who have different complications during pregnancy, and those undergoing cesarean section due to different indications.

The Description of Knowledge about Antenatal Care in Village X Bandung Regency in 2019

The lack of maternal Antenatal care visit is one of the determinants that cause maternal mortality rates in Indonesia. Antenatal care is care for pregnant women during pregnancy, starting from conception to the birth of the fetus. The purpose of this study was to study the Antenatal Care Knowledge Overview in Village X Bandung Regency in 2019. The design of this study was quantitative descriptive with 74 postpartum mothers respondents. Data were collected using a knowledge questionnaire. The results obtained from the knowledge of Antenatal Care in Village X Bandung Regency in 2019 were high knowledge of Antenatal Care (73%) and low knowledge of 27%. The conclusion of the study showed respondents who had high knowledge of ANC was more than 73% compared to those who had low knowledge of 27%. Health workers need to improve health education for mothers with high gestational age and home visits.

Gambaran Karakteristik Ibu Hamil dalam Pemeriksaan Antenatal Care di Puskesmas Pasir Panjang Kota Kupang

Maternal mortality according to World Health Organization is death during pregnancy or within a period of 42 days after the end of pregnancy, due to all causes related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its handling, but not due to accident or injury. The causes of maternal death can be divided into two groups, namely direct obstetric death and indirect obstetric death. One of the efforts to reduce the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is by providing standard Antenatal Care (ANC) services. This research aims to describe the characteristics of mothers in Antenatal Care examinations at the pubic health center of Pasir Panjang, Kupang City. This type of research used a descriptive design with a population of all K4 pregnant women register data at the pubic health center of Pasir Panjang in January-December 2019 as many as 403 pregnant women. Sampling using a total sampling technique of 403 pregnant women. The results showed that the characteristics of mothers according to age were in the 20-35 year old group (83.4%), parity in the nulliparous group (45.9%), residence in Pasir Panjang village (33.5%), history of maternal ANC visits according to the consecutive trimester of age Trimester I (98,1%), Trimester II (88,1%), and Trimester III (90.3%).