Good Quality Material Research Articles

Estimation of Post-harvest Losses and their Management Strategies Adopted by the Vegetable Cultivators

The present study estimated the post-harvest management of selected vegetables in Karnataka. The study was based on primary data collected for the year 2021-22 from 15 farmers for each crop, in both open and protected conditions and from two major vegetable producing districts of the state. The data pertaining to wholesaler and retailer were collected from 15 wholesaler and 15 retailers from each districts who were involved in marketing of vegetables. Descriptive statistics was the analytical tools adopted for the analysis of the data which includes percentages and averages. The reduction in post-harvest loss in protected cultivation was due to controlled environment in protected condition. Similarly, the post-harvest loss was higher in wholesaler against retailer because the huge quantity handling of vegetables found at wholesaler. Results depicted that the difference in post-harvest loss under open cultivation and protected cultivation are 14.13 kg/q, 6.27 kg/q, 14.64 kg/q and 14.93 kg/q of tomatoes, capsicum, cucumber and french beans, respectively. In between wholesaler and retailer, the difference in post-harvest losses are 4.43 kg/q, 2.47 kg/q, 7.40 kg/q and 2.57 kg/q for tomato, capsicum, cucumber and french beans respectively. Findings shows that the post-harvest management practices followed by farmers are harvesting at proper stage, use of crates for transportation, establishing better storage facilities and processing of mechanically damaged products. Similarly, the post-harvest management practices followed by market intermediaries are cold storage, better transportation facilities, procurement of good quality material, usage of cushioning material and other better management practices. The establishment of small sized cold storage units and employing better transportation facilities led to reduction in post-harvest losses which in turn led to additional returns to farmers and market intermediaries.

STRATEGI BAURAN PEMASARAN USAHA KECIL KERIPIK SINGKONG DI DESA BANDAR KHALIPAH KECAMATAN PERCUT SEI TUAN KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG

A small cassava chip business is a household business that produces snacks made from special cassava snacks. The single most important factor influencing the performance of small businesses in Singapore is their marketing strategy, which takes into account their products, prices, promotions and distribution locations. This research was conducted in the small business community of Bandar Khalipah Village in Percut Sei Tuan district. The purpose of this study was to understand the mix marketing strategies used by the Singapore government. Descriptive qualitative, data collection techniques with notes, and documentation are the methods used for analysis. Research results 1) the marketing mix strategy used by small businesses in Singapore is a product made with good quality materials, good quantity, has a handle, and is wrapped in plastic. The quoted price is equal to the price. The traditional promotional method still used in Cassava Chips is "lewd mouth to mouth" and "place/distribution channel" is "products marketed slim in the place of production then exist" i.e. "channeled to consumers" through "wholesalers". 2) Product and price are internal determining factors. Externally influenced factors include increased sales during peak hours, while internally influenced factors include sluggish production and promotion locations. External factors that become obstacles include business competitors and seasonal raw materials.

Kamenets-Podolskiy (Tatarysky) in the Middle Tripolye flint networks of Forest-Steppe Ukraine

The paper presents results of technological, typological, raw material and use-wear analyses of stone assemblage from the Kamenets-Podolskiy (Tatarysky) site, dated to 3950-3900 BC (the late Tripolye BII). The assemblage is presented against a broad comparative background of sites from Forest-Steppe Ukraine. Flint processing focused on blades production, intended subsequently for the making of tools, produced of good quality of raw material (mainly of Turonian Age). However, preferences in the use of raw material changed, depending on the region and the site.

What factors influence implementation of whole-school interventions aiming to promote student commitment to school to prevent substance use and violence? Systematic review and synthesis of process evaluations

BackgroundWhole-school interventions go beyond classroom health education to modify the school environment to promote health. A sub-set aim to promote student commitment to school to reduce substance use and violence (outcomes associated with low commitment). It is unclear what factors influence implementation of such interventions.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review including synthesis of evidence from process evaluations examining what factors affect implementation. Meta-ethnographic synthesis was informed by May’s General Theory of Implementation.ResultsSixteen reports, covering 13 studies and 10 interventions were included in our synthesis. In terms of May’s concept of ‘sense-making’, we found that school staff were more likely to understand what was required in implementing an intervention when provided with good-quality materials and support. Staff could sometimes wilfully or unintentionally misinterpret interventions. In terms of May’s concept of ‘cognitive participation’, whereby staff commit to implementation, we found that lack of intervention adaptability could in particular undermine implementation of whole-school elements. Interventions providing local data were reported as helping build staff commitment. School leaders were more likely to commit to an intervention addressing an issue they already intended to tackle. Collaborative planning groups were reported as useful in ensuring staff ‘collective action’ (May’s term for working together) to enact interventions. Collective action was also promoted by the presence of sufficient time, leadership and relationships. Implementation of whole-school interventions took time to build. Considering May’s concept of ‘reflexive monitoring’ (formal or informal review of progress), this was important in assessing and enhancing implementation. ‘Quick wins’ could help maintain collective impetus to implement further intervention activities.ConclusionWe identified novel factors influencing implementation of whole-school elements such as: local adaptability of interventions; providing local data to build commitment; interventions addressing an issue already on school leaders’ agenda; collaborative planning groups; and ‘reflexive monitoring’ as an explicit intervention component.

Newton’s Gravity Interactive Simulation to Improve 10th-Grade Students’ Learning Outcome

This research aims to develop interactive simulations of Newton’s gravity concept that can improve student learning outcomes. This research is research and development. The research model referred to is the ADDIE model. This research has produced educational products in the form of interactive simulations of Newton’s concept of gravity. The educational product developed assists students in visualizing Newton’s concept of gravity. The results of theoretical validation obtained an average score of 91.3% with very good criteria. The score indicates that the research product that has been developed in general has a very good feasibility. The details for the material aspect are 93.8% and the media are 89.2%, with very good feasibility for each aspect. This shows that the interactive simulation of Newton’s gravity concept that has been developed has very good material quality, excellent media quality, and can be used in the learning process very well. The results of the implementation show that the educational product that has been successfully developed is also proven to improve student learning outcomes, especially in the Newtonian concept of gravity. The large increase that occurs after using the simulation is medium. It can be concluded that this research has produced educational products in the form of interactive simulations that are feasible to use and proven to be able to improve student learning outcomes on the Newtonian concept of gravity.

Rain-fed agriculture risks and management strategies adopted by farmers in two agro_x0002_ecological zones in Al-Hasakeh province of Syria.

Based on survey data of 319 rain-fed farmers in Al-Hasakeh, Syria, this study analyses rain-fed farmers’ risk attitudes and farmers’ perceptions of risk and risk management. Furthermore, it analyzes, using multiple regression analysis, the relationship between socio-economic characteristics and farmers’ risk attitudes. The results demonstrate that precipitation shortage was the most important risk source that threaten farmers in both zones. Moreover, risks of diseases and pests and natural disasters were highly perceived by farmers in zone 1. Farmers in zone 2 were more concerned about fire damages and lack of government support. The financial strategy related to the producing at lowest possible cost is perceived as an important strategy to manage risk by farmers in both zones. Spraying for diseases and pests and liquidity are perceived as the most effective risk management strategies by farmers in zone 1, whereas farmers in zone 2 considered liquidity and choose good quality materials as an important strategy. The results also show that some farm and farmers’ characteristics (e.g. age, experience, education, household size, farm size, family labour, extension contact, off-farm work and Co-op Member) significantly impact the risk attitudes of the farmers in both zones.

Mechanical characteristics of Avlamè lateritic gravel improved with granite crushed for its use in road construction in Benin

Lateritic gravels are the most abundant road materials used in pavement foundations. With the scarcity of good quality materials, the recourse to lateritic gravels having weak technical characteristics, like the lateritic quarry of Avlamè Benin, is felt with the high price of stabilizers like cement, other methods must be explored in cooperation in order to reduce the cost of stabilization and, consequently, the cost of road construction and the risks related to the environmental pollution In this respect, it is imperative to determine the technical characteristics of the lateritic gravel of Avlamè improved with granitic crushed stone 0/31.5 for its use in the base course of flexible pavements. Thus, an experimental study on Avlamè lateritic gravel with different percentages of granitic crushed stone was carried out following the normative recommendations in road construction. This characterization allowed to highlight the technical properties of the lateritic gravel improved with granite crushed at different percentages. The results obtained show that the pass rate at 80 μm sieve goes from 27.77% to 10.51%, the plasticity index from 17.67% to 11.33%, the dry density at OMC from 2.17 t/m3 to 2.23 t/m3 and the CBR index at 95% at OMC from 58.00% to 108.67%. These results show that mix 2 (85%GL+15%CG), mix 3 (80%GL+20%CG), mix 4 (75%GL+25%CG), mix 5 (70%GL+30%CG) and mix 6 (65%GL+35%CG) can be used as a base course for flexible pavements in accordance with the normative requirements of the CEBTP revised in 2019 and the Catalogue of AGEROUTE-Senegal.

Analisa Koefisien Harga Satuan Tenaga Kerja Dilapangan Dengan Analisa SNI Struktur Bangunan Gedung

In the implementation of a project problems related to labor, wages and materials are important things that need to be taken into account. The smallest job if not supported by a well-qualified workforce and good quality materials, will not provide maximum and satisfactory results in a project. Even due to improper use of human resources can result in large losses on a project. This research was conducted to look for comparisons between the unit price coefficient of field labor in the reinforced concrete column with the coefficient values in the Indonesian National Standard Analysis (SNI). To look for a comparison of the unit price coefficient of work wages this research uses the Time and Motion Study method. The results of the study using the Time and Motion Study method showed that in the building column reviewed the unit price coefficient of work for 10kg of processing was 0.0505 workers 0.0900 ironmen and 0.0171 for foreman. The unit price coefficient of 1 M2 formisting is 0.0351 workers, 0.0682 carpenters, and 0.0158 foreman. The unit price coefficient for M3 concrete casting work is 0.1404 stonemason and 0.0714 foreman.

Estimating the Contribution of Lithic Pseudo Artifacts to the Archaeological Record: Actualistic Taphonomic Research at Casa de Piedra de Roselló 1 (Chubut, Argentina)

ABSTRACT The presence of pseudo artifacts in the archaeological record is not rare, especially in contexts where lithic raw material of good flaking quality is naturally available. If taphonomic processes and lithic raw material are in place, assessing the contribution of pseudo artifacts is a necessary step in a taphonomically oriented archaeological research design. This was the case at Casa de Piedra de Rosello 1 rockshelter (Chubut, Argentina), where chert from the bedrock is the dominant toolstone throughout the archaeological sequence. Research conducted at the site included in situ rockfall experiments, clast sampling, and techno-morphological analysis of both experimental and collected flaked specimens. It is concluded that although conditions for rockfall pseudo artifact production exist at CP1, its contribution to the overall lithic assemblage was negligible. Nevertheless, the impact of pseudomorphs on archaeological interpretations would be more important in stratigraphic units exhibiting low discard rate or no artifacts at all.

Designing Dietary Education Materials for People With Chronic Kidney Disease: Recommendations for Improving the Quality of Resources

The aim of this study is to quantify the readability, actionability, understandability, and overall quality of dietary education resources designed for patients and published in the Journal of Renal Nutrition. All patient education materials published in the "Patient Education" section of the journal from 2011 to 2021 were included. The readability, health literacy demand, and quality were evaluated using the Hemingway editor, Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clear Communication Index (CDC CCI) respectively. Good quality materials were those with a reading grade level of ≤8; a Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool score of >70% (indicating materials were understandable and actionable), and a CDC CCI score >90%. A total of 42 resources were evaluated. Most materials (92%) were written at an appropriate level of readability (median grade 5, interquartile range [IQR: 5-7). The median understandability score was 71% (IQR: 60-81); however, only half (52%) of the materials met the 70% benchmark. Materials published performed poorly for actionability with the median actionability score of 37% (IQR: 20-83), and only 29% met the benchmark score. Overall quality was scored as low, with a median CDC CCI score of 65%, and only 10% of materials met the benchmark score. Areas for improvement were identified including providing a clear purpose, and summary of important points, explaining numbers and how to perform calculations, and including at least one action to take. Future efforts to improve actionability need to use the active voice, directly address readers, explain how to act, and describe the steps required. Patient education materials that are attentive to health literacy principles beyond readability may enhance patient engagement, confidence, and empowerment, and improve adherence to the kidney diet.

Abstract 2808: cfDNA multi-omics profiling and tissue of origin predictions in cancers of unknown primary

Abstract Cancers of Unknown Primary (CUP) comprise a heterogeneous group of metastatic cancers where the primary site is undetectable. It accounts for 2% of all new UK cancer diagnoses and is the 6th leading cause of cancer death. Favourable subsets of CUP exist, based on clinico-pathological features, and although these patients have improved clinical outcomes, they make up only 20% of patients with CUP. The evolution of molecular profiling and tissue-of-origin (TOO) classifiers has the potential to transform diagnosis and management of patients with CUP. Reliable molecular profiling requires good quality and quantity tumour tissue material, often scarce in patients with CUP. Liquid biopsies offer an alternative, minimally invasive approach. We developed a novel cell-free DNA (cfDNA)-based multi-omics assay combining methylation profiling with mutation and copy number alterations (CNA) detection, to enable TOO prediction and biomarker discovery to aid treatment stratification. Methods: Two novel library preparation methods were applied to 41 CUP cfDNA samples, 80 non-cancer controls and 80 cfDNA samples from known tumour types (breast, lung, colorectal cancer): 1) Targeted (641 gene panel) next generation sequencing (NGS); 2) A multiplex genome-wide methylation capture assay (T7-MBDSeq). Both sequencing outputs can estimate CNA. Cancer Genome Interpreter (CGI) was used to evaluate the potential actionability of molecular alterations detected. A novel TOO classifier, generated utilising in silico dilution mixture sets derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) methylation data, demonstrated an AUROC of 0.96 across 15 different cancer groups. This was applied to cfDNA methylation data from known tumour types to test performance accuracy and subsequently applied to CUP cfDNA samples. Results: Multi-omics profiling from cfDNA was completed for 34/41 patients with CUP. cfDNA mutation profiling and estimated CNA analysis so far revealed >350 alterations across 225 genes. 17/34 (50%) of patients harboured potentially actionable alterations by CGI and, where performed, 68% of tumour mutations were concordant in the cfDNA. cfDNA methylation profiling revealed tumour-specific methylation changes in breast, lung and colorectal cancers. Our preliminary TOO classifier performance in these tumour types had an overall sensitivity and specificity of 85% and 98%, respectively. In patients with CUP, a predicted TOO was made in 26/41 (63%) patients and for 6 patients, where a subsequent primary tumour diagnosis was made, the TOO prediction was correct. Conclusions: cfDNA multi-omics profiling revealed potential therapeutic benefit in 77% of this retrospective CUP cohort and illustrates the potential to re-classify patients to primary tumour types where alternative therapies may improve clinical outcomes. Further multi-omics cfDNA profiling of the CUP cohort and validation in known primary cancer types are ongoing. Citation Format: Alicia-Marie Conway, Alexandra Clipson, Francesca Chemi, Simon Pearce, Katarzyna Kamieniecka, Saba Ferdous, Sophie Richardson, Elaine Kilgour, Matthew G. Krebs, Alastair Kerr, Dominic Rothwell, Natalie Cook, Caroline Dive. cfDNA multi-omics profiling and tissue of origin predictions in cancers of unknown primary [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2808.

Influence of different geometric arrangements of discontinuous reinforcement on tensile strength and fracture behavior of carbon/epoxy laminates

This study presents the influence of different geometric arrangements of butt joint formed by plain weave fabric prepreg layers on mechanical and fracture behavior of carbon/epoxy laminates tested under tensile loading. The experimental test results showed a reduction of up to 17% on the tensile failure load, due to the presence of the discontinuity in the reinforcement, when compared to the continuous fiber reinforced composites. However, statistical analyses demonstrated that the different staggering methods of the butt joints did not affect considerably the tensile mechanical behavior of the laminates. The stress concentration in the embedded joint regions was observed by finite element analysis results, which predicted the tensile failure load and also the failure region, according to Hashin criterion. SEM analyses revealed that all specimen configurations exhibited fracture in the butt joint regions, with the occurrence of cohesive failure of the matrix originated in the co-curing process, associated with a strong interfacial adhesion with the fibers. This behavior evidences a high interfacial strength of the co-cured plies joints, which is attributed to the good quality of the prepreg material associated with the efficiency of the laminate manufacturing process. The numerical studies showed a good fit with the available experimental results regarding tensile failure load. Therefore, the implemented finite element model proved to be adequate to accurately predict the tensile strength of plain weave fabric laminates containing layer joints.

The Neolithic Flint Quarry of Pozarrate (Treviño, Northern Spain)

Abstract In this work, we present the preliminary data we have obtained in the Neolithic flint quarry of Pozarrate, currently under archaeological works. We want to put forward an update about the sedimentary fillings of one of the crescent-shaped dump quarries (6000–5600 BP). It is located at the Sierra de Araico-Cucho (Treviño, northern Spain). In this region, Tertiary carbonated terrains which host important silicifications called Treviño flint (Tarriño, A. (2006). El sílex en la cuenca vasco-cantábrica y Pirineo Navarro. Caracterización y su aprovechamiento en la Prehistoria. Monografía 21, Museo Nacional y Centro de Investigación de Altamira. Madrid: Ministerio de Cultura) are outcropped. The procurement of these silicifications by prehistoric populations was motivated by the good quality of this raw material for knapping. Currently, it constitutes one of the few Neolithic known flint mines of the Iberian Peninsula, understood as places of exploitation of flint with landscape modifications. Some instruments related to prehistoric quarry works have been recovered, such as picks, maces, and hammers made of flint, dolerite, and deer antler. Studies on Pozarrate material remains have been conducted in an interdisciplinary way, in order to have a better understanding of the prehistoric mining processes. Several methodologies are being used in the study of the lithic industries, including flint characterization, procurement, typological, typometrical, technological, and functional approaches. We have obtained the initial data about extraction, selection, management, and use processes of the flint and dolerite assemblages. Deer antler remains have recently undergone a restoration process and preliminary data have been offered. Moreover, an experimental approach has been applied to clarify specific archaeological issues and technical solutions for quarrying using dolerite maces.

Developing Reading Material for Elementary Students in Tourism Area by Inserting Local Culture

This research and development (R&D) aimed at 1) developing reading material for the fifth grade students of elementary schools in tourism area, and (2) investigating the quality of the material developed. To gather the data, this study used scoring rubric, questionnaires, observation sheets, interview guide, and test. This study used the development model proposed by Sugiyono (2011) and was developed based on the characteristics of good reading material proposed by Tomlinson (1998). The results showed that (1) reading material was developed by involving some of local contents and (2) reading material had high validity and practicality and was proven to be effective. It then can be concluded that to make good quality of a reading material, the development of it should involve local content and should be based on the criteria of good material.

Developing Reading Material for Elementary Students in Tourism Area by Inserting Local Culture

This research and development (R&D) aimed at 1) developing reading material for the fifth grade students of elementary schools in tourism area, and (2) investigating the quality of the material developed. To gather the data, this study used scoring rubric, questionnaires, observation sheets, interview guide, and test. This study used the development model proposed by Sugiyono (2011) and was developed based on the characteristics of good reading material proposed by Tomlinson (1998). The results showed that (1) reading material was developed by involving some of local contents and (2) reading material had high validity and practicality and was proven to be effective. It then can be concluded that to make good quality of a reading material, the development of it should involve local content and should be based on the criteria of good material.

Properties of Welded Copper Tubes Fabricated Via Friction crush Welding

The welding process is one of the fabrication processes in which tubes can be performed for structural purposes and transport liquids or gases. This study is focused on the manufacturing, characterization, and evaluation of mechanical properties of welded tubes made from oxygen-free copper (C1020) sheets using friction crush welding. The welded tubes were produced using different tool rotation speeds (1500, 1600, and 1700 rpm) and feed rates (130, 140, and 150 mm/min). The flanged edge height of 2.5 mm and 0.5 mm gap between the ends of the copper sheet was used. All examinations on welded tubes were achieved using different instruments such as optical microscopy, SEM, hardness, and tensile testers. The microstructure study showed good weld quality and good material flow between the two ends of the copper sheet in the weld zone. Moreover, the weld zone was not defective. The lowest hardness was identified in the crush zone due to the coarseness of the copper grains. The highest tensile strength of 105 MPa was obtained at the tool rotation speed of 1500 rpm and 130 mm/min feed rate. The results also showed that ductile fracture is the main source of failure.

From Seed to Seedling: Influence of Seed Geographic Provenance and Germination Treatments on Reproductive Material Represented by Seedlings of Robinia pseudoacacia

The influence of the geographical origin of eight Romanian provenances of Robinia pseudoacacia on the characteristics of seeds, germination, and growth of seedlings in young stages of life was analyzed. Four experiments were undertaken to test seed germination (thermal treatment at distinct temperatures, mechanical scarification, acetone 90%, and biostimulator). The germination percentage showed that scarification treatment provided the best results among all treatments (41.7%). Seeds soaked in water at 100 °C provided the second-highest germination rate. Furthermore, the same two treatments also assured the highest values for the seedlings’ length. There were registered significant differences among the provenances for the analyzed characteristics, the seed germination capacity, and the growth rate of the seedlings in the first years of life. The study highlighted the resources that could ensure good quality of the reproductive forest material, which can be used in new afforestation and breeding programs. Pearson correlations and multivariate analysis provided interesting and useful information about R. pseudoacacia provenances and 13 characteristics of the seeds and seedlings, highlighting the relationship among them. The results could be of interest for the efficient use of forest genetic resources and the obtention of quality reproductive material in black locust.

Geotechnical and Mechanical Characterization of Lateritic Soil Improved with Crushed Granite

Since many years, road infrastructures in West Africa are most often subject to premature degradations despite the large number of studies. This problem is often due to the poor control of the behaviour of materials used for the pavement, but also to the scarcity of good quality materials. Nowadays, with economic development, there is a necessity for road infrastructures of good quality. In this framework, the main objective was to study the vertical geotechnical variability of the gravelly lateritic soil from the Saaba site in Burkina Faso and to improve their performances by adding crushed granite. The results show that the physical properties of the soils are almost identical depending on the depth. However, a small difference in the mechanical properties was observed. Due to their poor characteristics, these materials cannot be used for the sub-base layer according to the pavement design guide for tropical countries, CEBTP [1]. In order to improve their geotechnical and mechanical characteristics, crushed granite of class 0/31.5 mm was added at different percentages: 20, 25, 30, and 35%. It appears that the plasticity index, the methylene blue value, as well as the optimal water content of the material decreased. The soaked CBR recorded a maximum relative increase of 164% (from 14 to 37%) with the addition of 20 to 30% of crushed granite. With the addition of 20 to 30% of crushed granite, Young's modulus and unconfined compressive strength also showed a clear increase of 309% (from 80 to 327 MPa) and 140% (from 0.72 to 1.73 MPa). By comparing the results with the CEBTP specifications, the addition of 30% of granites at 95% compactness allows the materials to have a CBR that exceeds the value of 30% and can be used in the sub-base layer of road pavement. The addition of 30% granite allows the materials to record an unconfined compressive strength higher than 0.5-1.5 MPa, which corresponds to lateritic soil suitable for sub-base layer according to Messou [2]. After the addition of 30% granite, the materials record a Young's modulus greater than 300 MPa and can be used as a base layer. The assessment of the improvement of mechanical performance simultaneously based on the CBR, the Young's modulus, and the compressive strength showed the contradictory evolution of the results from these different parameters. A discussion was made on the relationship between these parameters. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-05-01 Full Text: PDF

Covid 19 Pandemic: The Inspiration to Start Online Business

The pandemic of covid-19 which was announced as a disaster by President Joko Widodo on March 2, 2020 has been shaking the economic scope of Indonesia. More department stores and even big shopping centers forcibly closed due to the policy of social distancing and local lockdown. As the consequence, more people lost their jobs which worsening the economic sector. Besides this sadly fact, more people started to utilize social media to promote products. The changing of people’s behaviors who previously used to shop offline to online sites became the main reason for businesses owners to take this opportunity to keep their businesses survive. This new life style also inspired many people to start online trades to earn their livings. The objective of this descriptive paper was to present how one of English students of Faculty of Education, Muhammadiyah University of Jakarta, who joined entrepreneur class was being inspired by the situation of covid-19 to start online business. This study used both observation and unstructured interview as the tools in collecting the data. The results of the study presented three answers of the research questions, namely: first, the student was inspired by the rapid spreading of online business and most business owners who promoted various products online. Second, in the preparation, he determined a label as his virtual store name, designing logo, creating ‘thank you’ card and buying good quality materials with low prices for the packaging. Third, after the first three months becoming reseller of women’s stuffs such as body treatment, bags, shoes, cosmetics and various accessories, up to end of September, more than hundred goods had been sold and he could earn around one million of net-profit every month. Even more, currently, he has been saving money as the capital, stocking quite big number of stuffs and planning to have one physical store to run the business offline after the pandemic is over.

Covid 19 Pandemic: The Inspiration to Start Online Business

The pandemic of covid-19 which was announced as a disaster by President Joko Widodo on March 2, 2020 has been shaking the economic scope of Indonesia. More department stores and even big shopping centers forcibly closed due to the policy of social distancing and local lockdown. As the consequence, more people lost their jobs which worsening the economic sector. Besides this sadly fact, more people started to utilize social media to promote products. The changing of people’s behaviors who previously used to shop offline to online sites became the main reason for businesses owners to take this opportunity to keep their businesses survive. This new life style also inspired many people to start online trades to earn their livings. The objective of this descriptive paper was to present how one of English students of Faculty of Education, Muhammadiyah University of Jakarta, who joined entrepreneur class was being inspired by the situation of covid-19 to start online business. This study used both observation and unstructured interview as the tools in collecting the data. The results of the study presented three answers of the research questions, namely: first, the student was inspired by the rapid spreading of online business and most business owners who promoted various products online. Second, in the preparation, he determined a label as his virtual store name, designing logo, creating ‘thank you’ card and buying good quality materials with low prices for the packaging. Third, after the first three months becoming reseller of women’s stuffs such as body treatment, bags, shoes, cosmetics and various accessories, up to end of September, more than hundred goods had been sold and he could earn around one million of net-profit every month. Even more, currently, he has been saving money as the capital, stocking quite big number of stuffs and planning to have one physical store to run the business offline after the pandemic is over.