Stock Material Research Articles

Cayenne Pepper Seed Partnership Sustainability Strategy (Case Study of "You Seed" Company Jember East Java)

Jember is one of the Cayenne pepper-producing districts in East Java. It is among the top 10 cayenne pepper producers in East Java and has the potential to contribute raw materials for cayenne pepper seeds. One of the superior seed-producing companies in Jember Regency is PT. Benih Unggul Sejati or You Seed Company. The company partners with cayenne pepper farmers in Jember to get raw seed materials. The higher demand for seeds is a problem, namely the farmers' lack of raw seed materials in stock. Farmers often provide seeds from their cayenne pepper harvest in quantities below the target set by the company. The sampling method uses a total sampling of 28 respondents. The data collection method uses observation, interview, and literature study methods. The research methods used are descriptive and quantitative. The results of the study are the sustainability strategy of the partnership that exists between the company PT. Benih Unggul Sejati and cayenne pepper seed farmers, namely the company strengthening emotional relationships with partner farmers through increasing the frequency of visits to partner farmers' land; the company provides capital loan assistance of up to 50% of the total cost of cayenne pepper farming expenses to partner farmers; utilizing waring technology in the cayenne pepper cultivation process; expanding the sales market for cayenne pepper seeds both nationally and internationally and cooperating with fellow IPBH member companies.

High-Resolution Mapping of Urban Residential Building Stock Using Multisource Geographic Data

The rapid pace of urbanization and the increasing concentration of populations in urban areas have generated a substantial demand for architectural structures, resulting in a significant increase in building stock and continuous material flows that interact with the environment. This study emphasizes the importance of high-spatial-resolution mapping of residential building stock for effective urban-construction resource management, planning, and waste management. Focusing on Xi’an as a case study, the research develops a comprehensive framework for mapping urban residential building stock by integrating diverse data dimensions, including temporal, spatial, network, and multi-attribute aspects. The findings indicate that between 1990 and 2020, approximately 4758 residential communities were established in central Xi’an. The analysis of seven key residential construction materials revealed that the building stock escalated from 1.53 million tons to 731.12 million tons, with a steady spatial expansion of material distribution. The study attributes this growth to factors such as population increase, economic advancement, and policy initiatives, which, in turn, have driven the demand for residential building materials and reinforced the interdependence between urban expansion and residential construction development. Remarkably, from 1990 to 2020, the population surged by 2.1-fold, the economy by 66-fold, and the stock of residential building materials by 477-fold, indicating that the growth rate of material stock consistently outpaced that of both population and economic growth. Over the past three decades, the rapid expansion of residential buildings has led to the encroachment of urban ecological spaces by concrete structures. The methodology proposed in this study for quantifying building material offers valuable insights for policymakers and urban and environmental planners to foster responsible resource consumption and supports component-level circularity in the built environment.

Lean Six Sigma to Reduce Dead Stock at PT Globalindo Intimates

PT Globalindo Intimates is a manufacturing company that produces underwear in the garment sector. In the long run, the accumulation of dead stock in the warehouse becomes an unused company asset, making inventory management ineffective and efficient. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors that cause dead stock materials and provide solutions as an improvement effort in minimizing dead stock in the future to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of PT Globalindo Intimates. The method used is Lean Six Sigma with the DMAIC approach model. The data collection technique is done by observation, interview, and documentation. The results of this study explain that the factors that cause dead stock materials are man, method, environment, and material factors, the causes of which include less careful human resources, lack of understanding related to material handling, less than optimal ordering practices, overstock, damaged / defective goods, poor material storage, and low demand. The improvement efforts that can be made to minimize the occurrence of dead stock in the future so that it is not sustainable include making regulations related to the management and handling of dead stock, managing the inventory management system more effectively, optimizing the application of 5S practices in the warehouse, and conducting training for employees

Особенности моделирования шероховатости поверхности при фрезеровании нержавеющих сталей c применением различных сред

Modeling characteristics for surface finish when milling stainless steels using various media (grade steel 12X18H10T) using IOL-20A (industrial oil lubricant), CM-99 (cooling mixture), rapeseed and castor oils and on dry treatment, using the algorithms of the group method of data handling are viewed. The use of various lubricating and cooling technological mixtures (LCTM) is thought of as the theory of metal cutting factor reducing surface undulation. However, the degree of influence of various LCTM, including vegetable oils, when milling steel 12X18H10T has not been determined. The study case of various effects interaction on the milling process has shown that these studies were conducted on the basis of single-phase experiments that do not allow specifying mutual influence of the studied factors on the value of the parameters of the cutting process for various types of treatment. The research methodology provides for modeling surface finish under milling of 12X18H10T steel according to experimental data using various process liquids in the accepted range of cutting modes. At the same time, modern modeling methods allow us to determine these mutual effects. To obtain models, it is urgent, first of all, to be aware of break-in process criterion and dulling tool criterion as well. As a result of processing experimental data for each of processing media, surface finish models in the form of dependencies Ra = f (v, sz, t) were constructed, adequately describing the milling process with various media. It is indicated that the influence of regime parameters on the formation of micro-dimensions take the form of their close interrelation. Their interplay has various effects, depending on the LCTM used for the specified work stock and tool material.

ANALISA DESIGN UI/UX POINT OF SALES BERBASIS WEB PADA RAJA SAMUDRA POPOK MENGGUNAKAN METODE DESIGN THINKING

Point Of Sale is a system for transactions, which includes the use of a cash register. Within the scope of POS, a cash register does not stand alone but includes supporting software and other devices. The Point of Sales application will help business owners to achieve goals and improve service to consumers. The time needed to serve consumers during sales transactions becomes faster and the information provided becomes more accurate. At Raja Samudra Popok, transactions and recording are still done manually with ledgers, including stock of raw materials which is still recorded using Microsoft Excel, which means the data is not always accurate. This research uses a user-oriented Design Thinking method. This method has 5 process stages, namely Emphatize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, and Testing. After carrying out these 5 stages well, the author then carried out usability testing using the System Usability Scale (SUS) method which resulted in an average score of 85. Based on the results of the SUS score interpretation, this value was included in grade A where the score obtained was already in above the average SUS score in general, which is 68.

A multi-scale gap-bridging CWE approach to windblown sand action on critical infrastructures: Modelling framework and case study on a high-speed railway line

Windblown sand action on critical infrastructures, such as high-speed railway lines, can completely inhibit their operation detrimentally affecting their safety and capacity. Several key components of the infrastructure are affected, among them the rolling stock material and infrastructure equipment. Computational Wind Engineering (CWE) is becoming more and more adopted during the different design stages to assess the impact of windblown sand. However, CWE-based analysis and design remain challenging because of the different scales involved in windblown sand transport starting from the full alignment scale (macro-scale), to the railway body (meso-scale), to the rolling stock (micro-scale). An innovative multi-scale modelling approach is proposed to bridge the gap between macro and micro scales involved in windblown sand processes, allowing to assess windblown sand action on key components. An exploratory case study addressing rolling stock operation in sandy environment along an high-speed railway line is analysed and discussed. This demonstrates the soundness of the approach in identifying most endangered railway segments, railway body sedimentation-prone areas and rolling stock components, and in quantifying windblown sand action at different scales. The proposed approach is well suited also to support the conceptual design of Sand Mitigation Measures.

Life cycle assessment of urban road networks: Quantifying carbon footprints and forecasting future material stocks

This study introduces a comprehensive framework designed to assess the carbon footprint of urban road networks, covering all stages from production to maintenance. Complementing this framework, a dedicated prediction model is also developed. Utilizing a machine learning methodology, specifically the Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) algorithm, this model aims to accurately predict the material stock of urban road networks, thereby enhancing the overall understanding of their environmental impact. A case study focusing on Nanjing's infrastructure revealed that material production constitutes 78 % of the total emissions. Additionally, it was observed that the growth in the carbon footprint of Nanjing's urban road network has slowed down in recent years. The machine learning-based model, analyzing data from 2014 to 2020, accurately predicted the total material stock for 2021 and the stocks of different road construction materials, with a relative error under 2 %. This approach aids in the design of carbon-neutral urban transport systems and represents a stride in combating climate change.

Development of building stock model for an emerging city in India: Learnings for enabling circular economy in the built environment

AbstractThis study explores the prospects of urban mining for a steadily developing city “Thane,” located in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region of India, through building material stock accounting (BMSA). A novel bottom‐up approach for stock accounting was developed for the cities with limited data availability, through the integration of geodata spatial analysis, archetype identification through statistical modeling, and regional building design assessment for material intensity calculation. This study is the first of its kind in the Indian context and focuses on the stock estimation of the most common building materials: concrete, reinforcement steel, and masonry bricks within the boundaries of a typical Indian urban area. The results showed that the total built‐up stock in Thane city in 2018 amounts to 84.7 million metric ton (MT) by weight; concrete 57.7%, bricks 40.4%, steel 1.9%. Such reservoirs of raw material can be harnessed to fulfill the future material requirements of the construction industry through proposed circular economy interventions such as material bank creation, local recycling facilities, and development of a secondary material market. The material stock estimated in this study was 46.1 MT/capita for permanent building dwellers and with potential infrastructural developments underway, urban mining application can be ensured by redefining design and demolition strategies and multi‐level collaboration for generating alternative material sources for the construction sector. This work of BMSA intends to provide meaningful insights into exploring the potentials of urban mining and help chart the future roadmaps of sustainable construction in India.

Pengendalian Persediaan Bahan Baku Petis Udang dengan Menggunakan Metode Economic Order Quantity (Eoq) di Ud. Agung Jaya

Raw material inventory is very important for companies. UD. Agung Jaya is a company that operates in the food sector, namely Petis Udang. Problems at UD. Agung Jaya has raw material stock problems, namely a shortage or excess of raw materials. The aim of this research is to help optimize UD costs of UD. Agung Jaya. This research uses raw material purchase data for shrimp heads, sugar, and flour which is processed by forecasting calculations for 12 periods or 1 year into the future using the single exponential smoothing (SES) time series forecasting method. The aim is to determine the need for raw materials so that there are no shortages or excesses of raw materials during the ongoing production process, and the efficiency of raw material needs in this research. The results of the research show that the raw material for shrimp heads has a mape error value of 24, sugar has a mape error value of 24, and flour has a mape error value of 26.1. Furthermore, the raw material decomposition method for shrimp heads has a mape error value of 15, sugar has a mape error value of 15, and flour has a mape error value of 16.42. The second result of forecasting shows that the decomposition method obtains a smaller mape value or the lowest error value. This research also uses the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method in the 2022-2023 period with raw material yields of 515.28 kg of shrimp heads, 488.54 kg of sugar and 188.09 kg of flour.

Built‐environment stocks in the context of a master‐planned city: A case study of Chandigarh, India

AbstractConstruction materials accumulate in the built environment forming material stocks (MS) of buildings and infrastructure, providing various services to society that result in a nexus of human development and environmental impact. Meanwhile, unprecedented urbanization in the Global South is set to put significant demand on the resources required to ensure adequate standards of living in new and existing urban areas. This is particularly important within India; however, no study has yet explored MS within cities in India or within master‐planned urban areas designed to accommodate urbanization and a high standard of living. The present study begins to fill these gaps and aims to investigate patterns of built‐environment MS accumulation in Chandigarh, an exceptionally quickly developed city master planned to ensure universally high standards of living through a unique urban form. We adopt a bottom‐up approach to quantify the residential building and road MS at the city and sub‐city scale. The results reveal that the master plan, while enabling high standards of living, has resulted in a relative accumulation of road‐to‐building stock that is significantly larger than in other cities. This is shown to be environmentally detrimental as future urban development is limited and promotes the demolition of existing stocks, whose composition severely limits their potential as secondary resources. The study therefore provides empirical evidence to support the integration of material stock assessments into urban planning and development to ensure resource‐efficient provisioning of key services.

Impact of lightweight materials substitution on material stock and carbon emission of private vehicles in China

Impact of lightweight materials substitution on material stock and carbon emission of private vehicles in China

Menu Sales Prediction at Kiyo Café Using Machine Learning

This research evaluates the performance of the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Naïve Bayes algorithms in predicting raw material stock for Café Kiyo. The study encompasses six key stages, including preparation, literature review, data collection, data mining processing, results and discussion, and conclusion with recommendations. The data mining process adheres to the Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) framework, involving data selection, preprocessing, transformation, data mining, and interpretation and evaluation. The evaluation metrics reveal that KNN boasts a marginally higher accuracy of 98.71% compared to Naïve Bayes with 98.21%. KNN also demonstrates superior precision (81.25%) in identifying true positives, outperforming Naïve Bayes (72.59%). However, Naïve Bayes excels in recall, achieving 95.15% compared to KNN's 50.00%. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) analysis further confirms Naïve Bayes' superiority, with an AUC value of 0.995, indicating better performance in distinguishing between positive and negative classes.

Изучение минерального состава руд месторождения Дюсембай в аспекте их извлечения

The integrated use of natural resources creates a necessary condition for the development of the industry of the mineral resource base of Kazakhstan. In the mineral resource complex, lead-zinc deposits are of paramount importance. The article discusses the features of mineralization, and also presents the geological structure of the Dyusembay deposit. The formation of the modern appearance of the tectonic structures of the region is due to very complex and lengthy geological processes. During the research, stock materials and modern geological materials on the Dyusembay deposit were considered.The conditions of formation and placement, metallogeny of the lead-zinc deposit Dyusembay were studied. The study area is located within the development of the Ulutau-Arganata meganticlinorium, which is subdivided into the Karsakpai synclinorium, the Maytyubinsk anticlinorium, and the Baikanur synclinorium. The Dyusembay deposit is located within the eastern wing of the Maytyubinsk anticlinorium.

The current status of the Lena-Olenek population of wild reindeer (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i> L., 1758, Cervidae, Artiodactyla)

The rational use of wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L., 1758) based on reliable data on the number, distribution, age-sex composition, and herd size of the population is a challenging problem for hunting management. The purpose of this study was to characterize the current state of the Lena-Olenek tundra wild reindeer (LOWR) population. The counting of LOWR was based on the aerial census conducted from July 10 to 12, 2018; coordinate data from the GLONASS/Argos satellite tracker collars; stock materials from previous aerial surveys in the tundra of Yakutia. From the data obtained, the livestock of the LOWR was estimated to be 83,260. We specified that deer are housed in three distinct groups: broodstock, mixed, and male. The main livestock in the LOWR were females (44.2 %), calves (22.4 %), and juvenile animals 1–2 years old (17.5 %). Over 32 years, there was a decrease in 62.2% in the number of adult males and an increase in the number of fingerlings and juvenile animals. Since the middle of the last century, there has been a gradual increase in the number of LOWR from 21,000 to 95,000 deer in 2009 and a slight decrease to 83,200 deer in the last decade due to the exclusion of Taimyr reindeer migrants. The results of this study can be used to rationalize the use of wild reindeer resources and the allocation of quotas for production. Further census work will make it possible to monitor the state of the population over time.

Speleo objects of the Idrisovo village surroundings (Southern Urals)

The village of Idrisovo is located in the Salavat region in the north-east of the Republic of Bashkortostan, now it is part of the UNESCO Yangan-Tau Geopark. The territory is composed of meridionally extending Devonian and Carboniferous carbonate rocks that come to the surface in the cliffs of the Yuryuzan River and its tributaries. Caves, grottoes, arches have formed in carbonate rocks, which have long attracted the attention of people. In connection with the increase in the tourist flow in the territory (rafting on the Yuryuzan River and visiting the archaeological site of the Idrisovo Cave and other natural objects), there was a need for a speleological survey of the territory in order to inform the population about the presence and significance of speleological objects. The article describes all the speleological objects identified as a result of the study of stock materials and field surveys in the vicinity of the village of Idrisovo, within the Salavat region of the Republic of Bashkortostan, from the Bolshoy Limonovsky Ridge to the Stupenchatyy Ridge along the left bank of the Yuryuzan River. The recreational capacities of speleological objects are determined by their morphology. The use of their entrance parts is possible as display objects as part of comprehensive routes, without visiting the internal parts of the speleological objects.

Mapping material stocks in buildings and infrastructures across the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration at high-resolution using multi-source geographical data

Spatial patterns of material stocks in buildings and infrastructures are crucial for understanding resource use, spatial planning and environmental management. So far, spatially explicit stock-driven approaches face substantial data limitations, requiring costly and time-intensive efforts to map stocks at urban micro-scales. Herein, we developed a volume-based framework for material stocks mapping in buildings and infrastructures at a 10 m resolution, applied across the entire Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration (BTH-UA) in China, a key growth pole for regional economic development. We integrated multi-source remote sensing data, GIS products, crowdsourced data, and material intensity databases, covering ten bulk materials. The findings reveal that the total mass of buildings and infrastructures in BTH-UA amounts to 195,000 Mt, equivalent to 182 t/cap, 2.43 Mt/km2. Material stocks are spatially clustered and correlate with the population size and economic activity of the secondary industry. This research contributes to the quantitative description and detailed mapping of material stocks in built environment.

Training and Counseling on Stock Opname Bookkeeping at Saung Injuk Restaurant, Bandung Regency

Community Service Activities that provide counseling on the importance of bookkeeping and training on bookkeeping and hospitalization recording for all incoming and outgoing goods activities to maintain the continuity of stock and raw material availability as well as cost efficiency efforts. The outcome that can be realized from this Community Service activity is that actors are able to carry out bookkeeping and recording of their business regularly by using hospitalization recording and calculating cost efficiency. Recording of stock-taking. As a result, "Saung Injuk Restaurant" has been done by the owner but only for ordering raw materials based on the remaining stock. 2) There has not been recorded a match between the initial number of products and after being sold which is then confirmed with the remaining stock. 3) There is a risk that the goods sold with the initial stock do not match the remaining stock.

Does the Physiological Age of Stock Plant Material Affect the Uptake of Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) in Leafy Cuttings of Prunus subhirtella ‘Autumnalis’?

The aim of this study was to investigate the uptake of exogenously added indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) as an adventitious root (AR) inducer. The concentration of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in leafy cuttings of Prunus subhirtella ‘Autumnalis’ from stock material of different physiological ages was analyzed at three evaluation time points (1, 4, 24 h). We examined three stock plants: a physiologically mature stock plant (approximately 60 years old); physiologically rejuvenated plants (16 years old) that were previously propagated by cuttings from semi-mature stock material; and in vitro juvenile stock material. For IBA to effectively induce AR formation, it must first be converted into the active hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The total concentration of IAA in the first 24 h after cutting was evaluated according to the physiological age of the stock material and the IAA concentration in the cuttings according to the evaluation time points was assessed. We also examined rooting success and the quality of the adventitious root system depending on the physiological age of the stock material. High performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used to identify and quantify the phytohormones. The difference in rooting and quality of the developed AR was observed between semi-mature stock and mature stock material. Cuttings from semi-mature plants rooted in 95.00 ± 5.00% of cases, while cuttings from mature stock plants only rooted in 68.33 ± 4.09%. Successfully rooted cuttings from mature stock material were accompanied by callus formation, which was significantly lower in cuttings from semi-mature stock material. Our results show that the interaction between physiological age and time after severance had no effect on IBA concentration in the cuttings (p = 0.907). Duration of time elapsed since severing (evaluation time points) had a significant effect on the uptake of IBA (p = 0.002 **) and IAA (p = 0.0009 ***) in the cuttings. Physiological age had a significant effect on IAA concentration in the early stages of AR formation in the cuttings (p = 0.038 *). Our results suggest that the dynamics of other endogenous phytohormones and the physiological state of the stock plant are also important for AR formation, as the proportion of successfully rooted cuttings from semi-mature stock material was significantly higher than the proportion of successfully rooted cuttings from mature stock material, irrespective of IBA uptake in stock material of different ages.

Material services in an emerging economy: Tracking resource utilization in Vietnam's shelter, thermal comfort, and road transportation

Emerging economies continue to exhibit notable growth rates in material consumption. This research employs the Stock-Flow-Service (SFS) nexus to evaluate the use of resources in providing shelter, thermal comfort, and transport services in Vietnam from 2004 to 2019. The investigation encompasses material stocks and flows involved in expanding and maintaining residential buildings, roads, key household products, and vehicles. We quantify energy flows and emissions associated with shelter, thermal comfort, and road transportation. Further, we analyze various indicators illustrating the relations between stocks, flows, and services. Results reveal a significant stock increase, with most material inflows used for expansion rather than maintenance. Notably, there was an increase in material intensity from 1050 to 1400 kg/m2 for shelter and from 4.0 to 7.5 kg/pop-cooling-degree-days for thermal comfort services. Conversely, the stock intensity for transportation services decreased from 86 to 43 kg/freight-km equivalent. Energy and emission intensities grew 23- and 32-fold, respectively. These escalating intensities add pressure to the existing sustainability challenges, underlining the urgent need for reevaluation and intervention. Moreover, the findings underscore the interdependencies of different material stocks in delivering multiple services, shedding light on potential environmental trade-offs between energy and materials. This research provides valuable insights into Vietnam's sustainability policies and contributes to national resource assessments, emphasizing the importance of balancing socioeconomic development with environmental responsibility for a sustainable future.

Design and fabrication of circular sheet metal shearing machine

The growing use of sheet metal in various industries such as automotive, packaging, medical appliances, cylinder production, Apparatus construction, Tank construction, Aircraft bodies, Missile production, Satellite dishes, road building and road signs, and household appliances, is attributed to its ease of manufacturing, handling, and use. To meet customer demands, sheet metal product manufacturing industries are working towards producing circular feature products of good quality at a large scale and low cost. To this end, this research emphasis the design, analysis, and fabrication of an electric circular sheet metal shearing machine, this would replace the punching and blanking operations and reduce scrap value from the stock material. The research includes concept design, detail design and analysis, assembly, 3D modelling, and fabrication of the Machine.