Material Selection Research Articles

Advancements in ascorbic acid quantification: from macroscopic analysis to miniaturized nano-sensing for quality control in food and beverage

Abstract Ascorbic acid (AA) or vitamin C, is vital in food safety, pharmaceutical and biomedical industries. This review discusses recent advancements in biosensors for AA detection. Traditional macro-analysis techniques such as high-performance liquids chromatography (HPLC), and flow injection analysis (FIA) provide accurate measurements but are costly and require specialized handling. Miniaturized nano-sensors are emerging as promising alternatives, offering advantages such as portability, cost effectiveness, and rapid response. This review explores the working principles of these nano-sensors, highlighting colorimetric, fluorometric and electrochemical detection methods. It also outlines the current AA biosensing landscape, detailing strategies to improve selectivity and specificity, including the choice of biorecognition elements and material selection for detection probe synthesis. Emerging nanomaterials and their applicability to support sensing activity are explored. This review serves as a valuable resource, suggesting future research directions to address existing challenges and further advance biosensor technology.

Design Rules for 3D Printing‐Assisted Pressure Sensor Manufacturing: Achieving Broad Pressure Range Linearity

AbstractRecent advancements in 3D printing technology have expanded its application to manufacturing pressure sensors. By harnessing the cost‐effectiveness, streamlined processes, and design flexibility of 3D printing, sensor fabrication can be customized to meet specific performance needs. Thus far, 3D printing in pressure sensor development has been primarily limited to creating molds for transferring patterns onto flexible substrates, restricting both material selection and sensor performance. To fully unlock the potential of 3D printing in advanced pressure sensor fabrication, it is crucial to establish effective design rules focused on enhancing the figure of merit performance. This study introduces a universal design strategy aimed at maintaining high sensitivity across a wide pressure range—a challenging feat, as sensitivity significantly decreases at higher pressures. Our approach centers on engineering the deformability of 3D‐printed structures, achieving a linear increase in contact area between sensor patterns and electrodes without reaching saturation. Sensors designed with high elongation and low stiffness exhibit consistent sensitivity of 162.5 kPa⁻¹ across a broad pressure range (0.05–300 kPa). Mechanistic investigations through finite element analysis confirm that engineered deformability is key to achieving this enhanced linear response, offering robust sensing capabilities for demanding applications such as deep‐sea and space exploration.

Toward Climate Resilient Asphalt Binder Selection in Canada

Climate change and extreme weather events present a fundamental challenge to pavement engineering and planning practice, given that transportation infrastructure has traditionally been planned and designed using historical climate data under the implicit assumption that climate is stationary and future conditions will resemble past ones. Transportation professionals should consider future risks scenarios in road design, material selection and system operations. This will be challenging given the inherent uncertainties in any climate projections. However, changes might be needed since transportation professionals are expected to deliver cost-effective and climate-resilient transportation infrastructure. The material selection plays an important role in the durability of flexible roads; therefore, it is important to consider the whole road design life cycle in terms of climate change and extreme weather events impact on asphalt selection as well as to consider different traffic speeds. This led to the development of the NRC Climate Adaptation and Asphalt Selection Tool (CAAST).

Flexible magnetoelectric systems: Types, principles, materials, preparation and application

Recently, the rapid development of flexible electronic materials and devices has profoundly influenced various aspects of social development. Flexible magnetoelectric systems (FMESs), leveraging magnetoelectric coupling, hold vast potential applications in the fields of flexible sensing, memory storage, biomedicine, energy harvesting, and soft robotics. Consequently, they have emerged as a significant branch within the realm of flexible electronic devices. According to its working principle, FMES are divided into three categories: FMES based on magnetodeformation and piezoelectric effects, FMES based on giant magnetoresistive effect, and FMES based on electromagnetic induction. Although some articles have reviewed the first two types of FMES, there is a lack of systematic introduction of the FMES based on electromagnetic induction in existing studies, especially the development history and research status of the three types of FMES. Therefore, this paper systematically reviews the development history and research status of these three kinds of FMES and reveals the working principle and mode of the flexible magnetoelectric system from the perspective of the force-electricity-magnetism coupling mode. In addition, the material selection criteria, device manufacturing methods, and application fields of the FMES are also introduced. Finally, this review delves into the challenges and opportunities confronting the development of FMES, exploring the future development directions. This review aims to establish a theoretical foundation and provide methodological strategies for future research on FMES. It is anticipated to promptly address the current gap in this research field and facilitate the development of the flexible electronic family.

Quantitative Analysis of Predictors of Acoustic Materials for Noise Reduction as Sustainable Strategies for Materials in the Automotive Industry

This study proposes a qualitative analysis for identifying the best predictors for ensuring passive noise control, aiming to achieve superior acoustic comfort in transportation systems. The study is based on real experimental data, collected through acoustic measurements performed by the authors on materials from six different classes and employs a multidisciplinary approach, including Mann–Whitney U tests, Kruskal–Wallis analysis with Dunn’s post hoc multiple comparisons and multilinear regression. This research presents an analysis and evaluation of how the physical properties of various materials influence acoustic comfort, acoustic absorption class and absorption class performance and proposes quantitative models for material selection to address sustainable strategies in the automotive industry. The results highlight significant differences between material categories in terms of acoustic absorption properties and demonstrate the importance of rigorous material selection in vehicle design to enhance acoustic comfort. Additionally, the research contributes to the development of predictive models that estimate acoustic performance based on the physical properties of materials, providing a basis for optimizing material selection in the design phase.

Mechanical properties and vibration characteristics of multiaxial carbon/glass hybrid fiber composites

AbstractIn this paper, the mechanical properties and vibration characteristics of Carbon‐Glass Hybrid Fiber Composites (CGHFC) are experimentally investigated with varying axial directions and blending ratios. The experimental results demonstrate a significant increase in the tensile strength of the CGHFC with an increasing content of carbon fibers. The biaxially CGHFC exhibits a maximum static tensile strength of 413.27 MPa in the 0° direction and 466.33 MPa in the 90° direction, surpassing both the quadratic and uniaxial directions. Notably, compared to biaxially oriented glass fiber material, the tensile strength of CGHFC is enhanced by 44.36%, thereby significantly improving its overall performance, making them particularly suitable for blade structures subjected to simultaneous tensile and vibratory loads. By optimizing the fiber orientation and blend ratio, the CGHFC provides good vibration control and fatigue resistance while ensuring high strength, thus maximizing the overall performance and service life of the blades. The results of this paper provide important data and theoretical support for the selection and design of wind turbine blade materials and help to promote the development of composite materials in wind turbine blade structure and design.Highlights CGHFCs show enhanced tensile strength with more carbon fibers. Biaxial CGHFCs have max tensile strength at 0° and 90° directions. CGHFCs' strength improves by 44.36% over glass fiber materials. Optimized CGHFCs offer superior vibration control and fatigue resistance. Research supports wind turbine blade material innovation.

Ten Years of Fashion Design Research Scientometric Analysis of Research: Research Overview, Frontiers and Evolutionary Paths

Background and Aim: Fashion design is a highly creative, interdisciplinary field that covers many aspects such as clothing, accessories, and textiles. Through creative design, material selection, process technology, etc., provide people with unique, beautiful, and practical fashion products and services. There has been a significant surge in research activity in the field of fashion design over the past decade, and by reviewing the data it was found that there is an academic gap in the bibliometrics of Fashion Design. The purpose of this study is 1) To study the research overview of Fashion Design. 2) To analyze the research frontiers of Fashion Design. 3) To analyze the evolution Path of Research Frontiers of Fashion Design. Materials and Methods: The key steps in retrieval: (1) Select database; (2) Enter "Topic"; (3) Select Document Type; (4) Select Document Language; (5) Enter Document Release Time Scope. Enter Topic="Fashion Design". Document types are article, proceeding paper, and English review from 2014-01-01 to 2022-12-31 for recent research. Book Citation Index-Science and Book Citation Index-Social Science & Humanities were excluded, leaving 1,049 documents. Common scientometric software includes CiteSpace, HistCite, Loet Tools, SciMAT, and VOSviewer. This study uses VOSviewer (version 1.6.19) for visualizing and analyzing scientific literature, helping researchers identify patterns, trends, and relationships in data. Results: The result of this research is that there are many prolific authors, Countries, and Publishers in this research field. There are three research fronts: "Impact", "Consumption" and "Industry". The evolution path of the research fronts starts from "Clothing Design" in 2014-2018. and "Arts", to "Innovation" in 2018-2019, to "Creativity" in 2019-2020, then to "Technology" and "Sustainability" in 2020-2021. Conclusion: The quality of articles in the "Fashion Design" research field is generally higher, with more research and very active. Research Frontiers: There are three research fronts: "Impact", "Consumption" and "Industry" The fashion design field’s focus on influence, consumption, and industry reflects its increasing emphasis on business and social impact. Evolution Path of Research Frontiers: The evolutionary path of the research frontier ranges from “Costume Design” and “art” in 2014-2018, to “Innovation” in 2018-2019, to “Creativity” in 2019-2020, and then to “technology” in 2020-2021 and “Sustainable development”. After 2021, it will be "Impact ", "Consumption" and "Industry". The evolution path of the research frontier reflects the shift in the development direction of the field of fashion design from single design and art to more design and art: diversification and comprehensiveness. From focusing on innovative ideas to technology and sustainable development to market, consumer, and industry development, it reveals the changes and evolution in the field of fashion design in the pursuit of excellence, sustainable development, and social impact.

Comparison of low-velocity impact damage in laminated composites for two thermoplastic material systems

Aircraft manufacturers are investigating thermoplastic material systems to produce parts more quickly and efficiently. Detailed damage data is needed to evaluate existing damage analysis methods, developed for thermoset materials, to predict damage in thermoplastic materials. Damage maps were created for two thermoplastic material systems subjected to low-velocity impact over a range of impact energies. In this paper, the damage maps were used to investigate and compare the damage response of the different material systems. Impact specimens were manufactured from TC1225 LMPAEK T700G from Toray Industries and APC AS4D/PEKK-FC from Solvay. The effect of the degree of crystallinity on the damage response was also investigated using a third set of specimens manufactured using the Toray material and a quenching process. Using a combination of data obtained from X-ray computed tomography and ultrasonic testing, damage maps were created for every interface and ply for selected specimens showing matrix cracks, delamination outlines, and fractured fibers. The LMPAEK specimens were found to have fewer and smaller delaminations than the PEKK specimens for impacts at the same energy. However, the LMPAEK specimens contained a larger number of fiber breaks. A similar trend was observed when comparing low-crystallinity LMPAEK specimens with the baseline LMPAEK specimens. The LMPAEK specimens often contained lines of fiber fractures in near-surface plies emanating from the contact region that were not present in the PEKK specimens. The different damage responses may indicate that the material selection will be a function of the application and loading.

Potential of the Use of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) in Thermal Energy Storage Applications

ABSTRACTEnergy storage is a group of technologies that decrease the gap between energy supply and energy demand. Thermal energy storage (TES) reduces this gap at not only different temperatures but also at different places or power. Design criteria include the integration of the storage system into the whole application system, maximum load, and high‐energy density. Since energy density is given by the material used, the selection of the storage material is key to the success of any energy storage system. In this paper, the potential of sodium chloride (NaCl) to be used in TES, both using sensible TES and latent TES, is evaluated for low‐temperature applications and for high‐temperature ones. This material is found to have high potential for successful applications, both in buildings and in industry.

Safety and aesthetic evaluation of autologous dermal fat grafts for lateral Skull base defect reconstruction

ObjectiveThe selection of appropriate materials and techniques for reconstructing skull base defects is crucial for restoring function, minimizing complications, and enhancing aesthetics. Dermal fat grafts (DFGs) have been established in many surgeries for contour correction. However, there is little literature describing the application of free dermal fat grafts for reconstruction of lateral skull base surgery defects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of using free dermal fat grafts in the reconstruction of lateral skull base defects.MethodsIn this study, 32 patients who underwent primary autologous free dermal fat graft reconstruction for lateral skull base defects were enrolled. Postoperative complications both in the donor and recipient area were evaluated. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques were applied to visualize the fat graft shape and volume variations for the assessment of postoperative restoring function. A telephone questionnaire was used for the assessment of postoperative facial aesthetics and patient satisfaction.ResultsA total of 32 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study, showing satisfying results in safety and aesthetics. Participants’ ages averaged at 42.03 years, with the youngest being 18 and the oldest at 75 years old. No patient had postoperative complications of abdominal wounds in the donor area, only two patients had postoperative infections and one patient had a postoperative effusion in the recipient area. The volume of the grafts ranged from a minimum of 24.4 cm³ to a maximum of 131 cm³, with the highest recorded resorption volume being 33.63 cm³. The average resorption rate of the dermal fat graft was 24.36%, ranging from a minimum of 11% to a maximum of 43%. 3D reconstruction based on MRI imaging data indicated that DFGs have a lower resorption rate than traditional free fat grafts. The telephone questionnaire revealed high patient satisfaction with facial aesthetics, with the majority rating their outcomes positively.ConclusionsDermal fat grafts have fewer complication and can provide better resistance to infection and radiation aspect. Based on 3D reconstruction techniques via MRI imaging data, we found that dermal fat grafts have lower resorption rate than traditional free fat grafts, which can be a suitable material for reconstruction of lateral skull base defects.

A Report on E-C Translation of English Humorous Novels

This translation practice report selects a short humorous novel: This May Hurt a Little as the translation material and case selection scope. This translation practice report is divided into five chapters. The first chapter introduces the background and significance of the translation task. Chapter Two introduces the source text and the author. The third chapter introduces the translation process in detail. Before translation, the translator carefully studied the original text and determined the translation tools and translation theories, namely Newmark’s semantic translation and communicative translation. The fourth chapter, under the guidance of semantic translation and communicative translation, carries out specific case analysis from three levels : vocabulary, syntax and discourse. The last chapter summarizes the experience and gains of the translation practice.

Atomistic Insights into the Ionic Response and Mechanism of Antifouling Zwitterionic Polymer Brushes

AbstractZwitterionic polymer brushes are not a practical choice since their ionic response mechanisms are unclear, despite their great potential for surface antifouling modification. Therefore, atomic force microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations investigated the ionic response of the surface electrical properties, hydration properties, and protein adhesion of three types of zwitterionic brushes. The surface of PMPC (poly(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)) and PSBMA (poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate)) zwitterionic polymer brushes in salt solution exhibits a significant accumulation of cations, which results in a positive shift in the surface potential. In contrast, the surface of PSBMA polymer brushes demonstrates no notable change in potential. Furthermore, divalent Ca2+ enhances protein adhesion to polymer brushes by Ca2+ bridges. Conversely, monovalent Na+ diminishes the number of salt bridges between PSBMA and PCBMA (poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate)) zwitterionic polymer brushes and proteins via a competitive adsorption mechanism, thereby reducing protein adhesion. A summary of polymer brush material selection and design concepts in a salt solution environment is provided based on the salt response law of protein adhesion resistance of various zwitterionic materials. This work closes a research gap on the response mechanism of zwitterionic polymer brushes' antifouling performance in a salt solution environment, significantly advancing the practical use of these brushes.

Collaborative Feedback in Enhancing Master Level English Specializing Students’ Instructional Skills

This study was conducted after identifying problems in the micro-teaching activities of M.Ed. fourth-semester English specializing students studying at Central Department of Education, Tribhuvan University in 2078 and 2079. The majority of the students had weaknesses in lesson planning, presentation, material selection, teaching strategies, text development and evaluation. As the internal supervisor, I proposed using collaborative feedback to address these issues. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of collaborative feedback in improving students' instructional skills and engagement. Using a Participatory Action Research (PAR) design and involving 22 students in nine rounds of micro/peer teaching, data were collected through peer/teacher evaluations, classroom observations of each student, and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). The data were analyzed thematically. The findings indicate that collaborative feedback helped students identify their areas of strengths and weaknesses in presentation skills, classroom interaction, and material construction and use leading to better lesson planning, teaching strategies and overall teaching skills. Collaborative feedback offered opportunities for learning from others, increased motivation and receptivity to feedback.

Combined Effects of Surface Roughness, Solubility Parameters, and Hydrophilicity on Biofouling of Reverse Osmosis Membranes

The fouling of protein on the surface of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes is a surface phenomenon strongly dependent on the physical and chemical characteristics of both the membrane surface and the foulant molecule. Much of the focus on fouling mitigation is on the synthesis of more hydrophilic membrane materials. However, hydrophilicity is only one of several factors affecting foulant attachment. A more systematic and rationalized methodology is needed to screen the membrane materials for the synthesis of fouling-resistant materials, which will ensure the prevention of the accumulation of foulants on the membrane surfaces, avoiding the trial and error methodology used in most membrane synthesis in the literature. If a clear correlation is found between various membrane surface properties, in combination or singly, and the amount of fouling, this will facilitate the establishment of a systematic strategy of screening materials and enhance the selection of membrane materials and therefore will reflect on the efficiency of the membrane process. In this work, eight commercial reverse osmosis membranes were tested for bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein fouling. The work here focused on three surface membrane properties: the surface roughness, the water contact angle (hydrophilicity), and finally the Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) distance between the foulant understudy (BSA protein) and the membrane surface. The HSP distance was investigated as it represented the affinities of materials to each other, and therefore, it was believed to have an important contribution to the tendency of foulant to stick to the surface of the membrane. The results showed that the surface roughness and the HSP distance contributed to membrane fouling more than the hydrophilicity. We recommend taking into account the HSP distance between the membrane material and foulants when selecting membrane materials.

Strength, Durability, and Aesthetics of Corner Joints and Edge Banding in Furniture Design: A Review

Corner joints and edge banding are essential components that significantly impact the strength, durability, and aesthetic appeal of particleboard furniture. This review examines the critical role of edge banding in enhancing the performance of corner joints, which are fundamental to the overall quality of panel furniture. A targeted literature search was conducted across key databases, including the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS CC), Scopus, and Google Scholar, focusing on scientific resources in the technical and biotechnical sciences. The selection of joint types, materials, and construction methods can substantially influence both the structural integrity and visual design of the furniture. Well-designed corner joints improve durability and longevity by ensuring that furniture can withstand various forces and loads without failure or deformation. These joints enhance the aesthetics of furniture by providing seamless and visually appealing connections between different elements. Edge banding is vital for reinforcing corner joint strength, as different materials exhibit varying degrees of resistance to impact, scratches, and abrasion, thereby safeguarding furniture surfaces. Also, edge banding contributes to the furniture’s longevity, ensuring durability during use as well as through disassembly and transport during remodeling or relocation. This review aims to consolidate existing knowledge and establish parameters for future research on the quality and performance of corner joints and edge bands in particleboard furniture.

Emerging Trends in Integrated Digital Microfluidic Platforms for Next-Generation Immunoassays

Technologies based on digital microfluidics (DMF) have made significant advancements in the automated manipulation of microscale liquids and complex multistep processes. Due to their numerous benefits, such as automation, speed, cost-effectiveness, and minimal sample volume requirements, these systems are particularly well suited for immunoassays. In this review, an overview is provided of diverse DMF manipulation platforms and their applications in immunological analysis. Initially, droplet-driven DMF platforms based on electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD), magnetic manipulation, surface acoustic wave (SAW), and other related technologies are briefly introduced. The preparation of DMF is then described, including material selection, fabrication techniques and droplet generation. Subsequently, a comprehensive account of advancements in the integration of DMF with various immunoassay techniques is offered, encompassing colorimetric, direct chemiluminescence, enzymatic chemiluminescence, electrosensory, and other immunoassays. Ultimately, the potential challenges and future perspectives in this burgeoning field are delved into.

Esthetic and Functional Posterior Rehabilitation With Lithium Disilicate Ceramics for the Replacement of Gold Alloy and Metal-Ceramic Restorations: A Clinical Case With a 10-Year Follow-Up.

This case report illustrates a clinical scenario of a patient with insufficient crowns, gold onlays and localized tooth pain in the posterior teeth, treated with partial and full coverage lithium disilicate restorations. A female patient presented in the clinics, complaining about tooth pain and unesthetic metal restorations. After a thorough examination, diagnosis and treatment plan, the existing restorations were removed, and a defect-oriented preparation was done to preserve as much as possible of the remaining tooth structure. Final partial and full coverage lithium disilicate restorations were delivered. After a 10-year follow-up no biological complications were observed. Nevertheless, one major chipping was observed in one of the upper molars. This technical complication was resolved with the fabrication of a new ceramic restoration. Lithium disilicate ceramic posterior full- or partial-coverage restorations are a reliable and predictable treatment option not only for the replacement of tooth structure lost due to caries but also for the replacement of insufficient restorations. The following key factors are to be considered to pursue long-term success with ceramic restorations: patient selection, minimal invasive tooth preparation, appropriate material selection and cementation. Nevertheless, complications are to be expected, and the patient should be informed accordingly.

Is Half a Century-Based Suturing Pattern Worth the Upgrade? Evaluating a Novel Suturing Technique: Knot Less is More.

The aesthetic outcomes of wise pattern-based breast reduction and mastopexy procedures are significantly influenced by the final scar quality, which is directly impacted by the suturing technique. Over the past century literature on suture placement has remained limited, with little advancement in tissue approximation methods. The success of conventional suturing depends on the surgeon's skills and expertise and the selection of suture material. Proper deep placement of absorbable sutures is essential to reduce risks; in fact, incorrect placement can lead to complications such as poor scar quality and negative psychological effects on the patient, and occasionally more severe issues like delayed wound healing. Our experience with a running suturing technique for wise pattern-based mammoplasty indicates that reducing the number of knots can lead to a better overall experience for both the patient and the surgeon. This technique may improve aesthetic results, decrease complications, and streamline the surgical process.Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Copper diffusion hindrance in Ti-TM (TM = W, Ru) alloys: A first-principles insight

This study utilizes DFT calculations to assess the effectiveness of Ti-TM (TM = W, Ru) alloys in obstructing copper diffusion, a pivotal factor for semiconductor device reliability. The calculated diffusion barriers for Cu in TiRu and Ti4W12 alloys are found to be 0.48 eV and 0.34 eV, respectively, significantly surpassing the 0.25 eV barrier for Cu diffusion in Si. This comparative analysis highlights the enhanced diffusion resistance of these alloys, with TiRu displaying a barrier nearly twice that of Si. An in-depth examination of the electronic structure and microstructural attributes of the alloys indicates that atomic interactions at the Cu/Ti-TM interface play a crucial role in hindering Cu diffusion. The local density of states, charge density differences, and electron localization functions were scrutinized to clarify the nature of these interactions. The research uncovers that the combined action of Ru, W, Cu, and Ti atoms leads to a synergistic strengthening of the diffusion barrier, implying a robust interatomic repulsion that restricts Cu migration. The findings contribute to a deeper fundamental understanding of Cu diffusion mechanisms in Ti-TM alloys and offer a scientific basis for the judicious selection of materials for diffusion barrier layers. The study supports the further exploration and potential application of TiRu and Ti4W12 alloys in the semiconductor industry.

Indoor Air Quality Monitoring System with High Accuracy of Gas Classification and Concentration Prediction via Selective Mechanism Research.

The efficacy of sensors, particularly sensor arrays, lies in their selectivity. However, research on selectivity remains notably obscure and scarce. In this work, indoor pollutants (C7H8, HCHO, CH4, and NO2) were chosen as the target gas. Following the screening of six oxides from previous work, temperature-programmed desorption/reduction experiments were conducted to delve into the origins of selectivity. The results explicate the superiority of NiO in detecting toluene and unveil the distinctive NO2 sensing mechanism of WO3 sensors. Based on the sensor array comprising these oxides, it can clearly detect low concentrations of C7H8 (S = 1.6 to 50 ppb), HCHO (S = 1.4 to 50 ppb), and NO2 (S = 3.3 to 50 ppb), which satisfies the requisites of indoor air monitoring. Meanwhile, three machine learning models (Extreme Gradient Boosting, Support Vector Machine, and Back Propagation Neural Network) are employed for gas classification. The classification accuracies of these models are 95.45%, 100%, and 100%, while the R2 values of the concentration prediction are 99.65%, 94.9%, and 98.04%, respectively, indicating the rationality of material selection. Furthermore, it can still achieve relatively high accuracy in gas classification (94.12%) and concentration prediction (89.36%), even for gas mixtures of four gases. Finally, an indoor air quality monitoring system is developed, which enables real-time monitoring of indoor gas quality through the Internet of Things.