Language Material Research Articles

Connecting and Parzelled Constructions Located After The Full Stop as a United Structural-Semantic Formation of the Russian Language

Such means of expressive syntax as connecting and parceled constructions were discussed in the article. Discussion questions were presented. In particular, the issue of the proximity of adjunction and parcellation, the status of adjunct constructions located outside the main sentence after the period, was considered. Using methods of description, observation, comparison, analysis and synthesis, the author offers an original understanding of the essence of connecting and parceled structures. They are still interpreted ambiguously in the linguistic literature. Much attention is paid to the criteria for their delimitation and analysis of the famous postulate of V.V. Babaytseva. Contrary to the opinion of the professor and her supporters, the author is convinced that there is no annexation without dismemberment and, conversely, dismemberment without annexation. These are interdependent processes that cannot exist one without the other. The author believes that the formation of parceled structures takes place in four stages, which are determined by short, intensive procedural actions. In the composition of parceled structures, as research shows, two varieties are clearly visible: a) parceled structures and b) parceled connecting structures. The scientific value of the work lies in the proof of the closeness of connecting and parceled constructions, supported by both the methods of their formation and semantics. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using its results to analyze specific language material, including in the process of teaching Russian language to students at Kazakh universities. The conclusion that connecting and parceled constructions located outside the main sentence, after a period, should be considered as a single structural-semantic formation of the Russian language was made.

DMYTRО DONTSOV’S TEXTS IN THE ASPECT OF CORPUS LINGUISTICS AND LEXICOGRAPHY

Increasingly, computer technologies in linguistics offer their advanced tools to process, store and select language data, which has triggered the fast development of the actual branch of linguistic studies – corpus linguistics. Through the use of large-scale empirical data and advanced computer technologies to reach objective insights into language function, linguistic corpora have quickly become invaluable resources. Data obtained through corpus analysis facilitate the drawing of qualitatively new conclusions about language and highlight research directions that previously received little attention. Despite substantial linguistic work on Dmytro Dontsov’s writings, there still exist a number of questions not studied so far. Among these are compiling a linguistic language corpus as well as a concordance of this prominent thinker, public figure, publicist utilizing modern methods to calculate and fix lexemes in order to identify their attributive collocation. Any available means of programming, facilitating processing language material of a big mass, have been realized to be an undoubtedly productive way to properly perform conceptual analysis and to serve as an additional tool for studying. The purpose of the study is to determine the peculiarities of the unique features of Dmytro Dontsov’s maxims in the aspect of corpus linguistics and lexicography on the basis of the corpus space that forms the linguistic vision of the world and is a source of creating lexicographical pieces of work (concordances, a writing language, a writer language, etc.). We emphasize that the creation of Dmytro Dontsov’s writing concordance has become the subject of corpus linguistics study for the first time. The subject of our study is the writings of Dmytro Dontsov, their lexicographical parametrization which provides all possible words with their description (phonetic, word-creating, grammatical), along with quantitative indices, i.e. it is the result of learning many linguistic disciplines, unified by the dictionary. The methodology of study is the combination of general theoretical methods (analysis, generalization, explanation) with the applied methods of linguistics. Analysis of the studied conception is grounded in “The Spirit of Our Antiquity” text corpus compiled by using the Sketch Engine program. On the basis of the analysis, it is found out that an electronic corpus provides the opportunity to accelerate language study and increase its effectiveness, probability and checkability significantly. The article reveals heuristic potential, practical effectiveness of the corpus and application of concordant technologies in conceptual studies. It was discovered that, the construction of the full concordance of the writings of Dmytro Dontsov will enable showing the picture of the world on the basis of learning the author’s lexical wealth and reproducing his understanding of the political situation. The created concordance is a stage of forming lexicographical works about Dontsov, which provides understanding of stages, methods, principles and peculiarities of compiling Dmytro Dontsov’s writing language dictionary. The multifaceted study of D. Dontsov’s writings is believed to be of importance. The concordance serves as a new material, important for politicians, journalists, teachers, students, for it is an entrance in a system of new words, filling with new ideas, and possibility to perceive the world through the nation-state aspirations of a great thinker. Realization of his project will help to create a political-intellectual product of great importance to offer bright prospects for future linguistic study, whose tasks are supposed to use linguistic material.

The readability of books for immersion schools

Abstract Few books are available to support reading instruction in minority language immersion programs. Since North American teachers provide children with a choice of books scaffolded in difficulty and suited to their interests, they must resort to creating or adapting their own minority language materials, networking, or spending hours online or in bookstores. A more systematic approach would be based on an interdisciplinary understanding of the concept of readability. We focus on German as a minority language in North America and examined research published in both German and English to develop a conceptual framework of readability as comprising text complexity, context, and literary aspects. Using this framework, we conceptualize a research program for investigating readability of books in minority languages. This research program would be language-specific, but adaptable to other minority languages, thereby serving as a call to action for researchers interested in the readability of books.

Linguistic creation of Stefan Więckowski in the short story "The Last Soldier of the Republic of Poland" by Eugeniusz Paukszta

The article aims to present the linguistic creation of Stefan Więckowski in the short story "The Last Soldier of the Republic of Poland" by Eugeniusz Paukszta. Lexemes, word combinations and stylistic figures, forming a linguistic portrait of the main character, were extracted from the analyzed story and subsequently underwent semantic stratification according to the modified proposal of Teresa Skubalanka to reveal: the character’s names, appearance, behaviour and emotions. The analysis of the language material shows that the repertoire of names is not extensive; however, by using them, the writer characterizes Więckowski as an individual who performs two life roles: a soldier and a man. The identity of the character is reflected through his participation in the domestic (his, man), local (comrade) and national (Pole) community circles.

Impact of a health literacy sensitive model of care in outpatient nephrology dietetic clinics.

Inadequate health literacy in people with chronic kidney disease is associated with poorer disease management and greater complications. Adherence to the renal diet is known to be suboptimal and patient feedback about the renal diet suggests that patients leave nephrology clinics feeling confused. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of a health literacy sensitive model of care (MOC) in outpatient nephrology dietetic clinics. This quasi-experimental non-randomised pre-post study recruited adults attending three renal dietitian clinics. The revised MOC consisted of a renal diet question prompt sheet, teachback, and plain language materials and instructions. Outcomes assessed included clinical, dietary, patient-reported satisfaction and quality of life. Differences between and within groups were analysed using paired t-tests, independent sample t-tests (or non-parametric equivalent), chi-squared and McNemar's tests. Linear mixed models evaluated change in total diet quality score, fruit, vegetable, protein and dairy intake with time as a fixed effect and a random subject specific effect. Fail to attend rates at the initial appointments were lower in the revised MOC (21.5% vs. 9.1%). The revised MOC was associated with significantly improved fruit (p = 0.03) and vegetable (p = 0.003) intake and an improved proportion with adequate diet quality (p = 0.03). These impacts were of moderate effect size (d = 0.5, 95% confidence interval = 0.0-1.0). The revised MOC was also associated with greater satisfaction at baseline (p = 0.04) and higher acceptability scores for all questions at the review appointments. Quality of life improved clinically but not significantly in the revised MOC (p = 0.92). This low-cost health literacy sensitive intervention is a promising strategy to improve fruit and vegetable intake in adults attending renal dietitian clinics. Further research to determine fidelity of teachback use and cost utility analysis would be beneficial. Larger scale trials powered to detect changes in quality of life would also be informative.

Research on the Integrated Teaching Design of Junior High School English Units Based on the Key Competencies of English Subjects

The overall teaching design for the junior middle school English unit aims to maximize the use of teaching resources by using the unit as the central theme, integrating it throughout all sections and related activities. This approach continually reinforces students’ understanding and retention of individual lesson content while fostering their core literacy and skills. It promotes a comprehensive development of students’ listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills, allowing them to engage repeatedly with the language materials until they internalize them as part of their language proficiency.

Russian Language in the Field of Civil Service: Problems of Development and Using Borrowed Vocabulary

The article is devoted to the difficulties of mastering and errors in the use of foreign words in oral and written business (office) communication in Russian. The relevance of this topic is explained by the special speech responsibility of representatives of socially significant professions who use Russian as the state language, as well problems arising in the implementation as of the provisions of the Federal Law “On the State Language of the Russian Federation” as amended on February 28, 2023. The article substantiates the thesis about the need to take into account not only the lack of Russian analogues, but also other factors when using borrowed words. Of great importance for collecting language material was the author’s many years of work experience at the Faculty of Additional Education at the North-Western Academy of Public Administration (now the North-Western Institute of Management of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation), in the executive authorities of Saint Petersburg and North-West Russia, in the Interregional Resource Center under the Administration of the Governor of Saint Petersburg. Theoretical methods (analysis, synthesis, historicism) made it possible to identify subjective and objective difficulties in mastering, typical errors in the use of borrowed words, as well as update ways to overcome them, which can be of practical importance for the conscious implementation of this law and improving the culture of Russian business (official) speech.

Reflection of local cultural tradition in oral childhood memories (based on the speech of speakers of Kuban subdialects)

The article examines the functional potential, subject matter, content, and linguistic specific features of oral stories-memories of native speakers of Kuban subdialects of their childhood years (the 30, 40, 50, 60, 70s of the twentieth century). The main corpus of texts was collected through the field method within the framework of dialectological expeditions (2005–2023). Textual analysis, thematic classification, and linguistic commentary on linguistic facts were used to analyse the language material. The study shows that the subject matter and content of old Kuban residents’ oral childhood memories reflect the local cultural tradition, which, while organically fitting into the national cultural context, has peculiarities determined by the specific features of the region as a Cossack land. We describe recurring plots which appear due to life circumstances common to this dialect community. The research has also established the functional potential of childhood memories in terms of identifying conceptual meanings of individual concepts. It is demonstrated that the Kuban dialect is an important component of the local cultural tradition. The storytellers learnt it in the childhood, and it remains a natural means of communication for most of them. The analysis of the linguistic features of the memories shows a consistent manifestation of dialectal features at all linguistic levels, which enables us to recognise the informants’ stories about their childhood as one of the effective ways of preserving the dialect. The conclusion notes the scientific potential of oral memories of childhood as valuable materials for multidimensional analysis of the childhood phenomenon, as well as for studying such a unique phenomenon as linguistic genetic memory which preserves dialect not only in space but also in time. Additionally, the article focuses on the didactic potential of the analysed texts. Familiarisation with such materials during Russian language, history, and library lessons, as well as homeroom periods will contribute to strengthening generational continuity. Moreover, it will enhance ethnic identity formation and involvement in the family history of people whose destinies shape the history of the country and the nation.

Sorbian kinship terminology according to the data in Volume 11. "Degrees of Kinship" of the Slavic Linguistic Atlas (preliminary results)

The study expounds up-to-date data on kinship names in the Sorbian dialects based on an analysis of linguistic maps with commentary available in Volume 11. “Степени родства” [Degrees of kinship] of the Slavic Linguistic Atlas which has been prepared for publication by the Bulgarian National Commission. The language material is authentic, collected and verified on site by Sorbian dialectologists. Emphasis is put on kinship names that belong to the all-Slavic vocabulary, as well as on own dialect word formation which lends originality to the Sorbian kinship names. The study outlines the linguistic areas of foreign language loanwords and elements which have replaced completely the native lexis. With nomina affinitatis, a disintegration of the old original naming system and an emergence of differences in the Slavic language territory can be traced. Particular attention is paid to the place of Sorbian dialects both among West Slavic languages, and in the entire Slavic language span. The key methods used in the study are linguo-geographical and comparative.

بنیاتی زمان لە شیعریی «سەباح ڕە نجدەر»دا

The language of poetry is one of the main and fundamental races of poetry. The poet is dealing with him in aspecial way. By using a special way, he creates a special language in it. He shows his experience, talent, and skillby playing with language materials. That is why the language in the field of poetry is by the aesthetic of poetrywith the representation of words. Language building in Sabah Ranjdar’s poems. It is an attempt to highlight thespecial side of the poet’s language by the poet.The research has been made in two ways. The first part in a general way talked about language. The poeticlanguage and the special ties have been opened. The second part has been made in showing the specialties of thepoetic language by Sabah Ranjdar. In the end, some points showed the results we got.Key words:(Language building, poetry, experience, Sabah Ranjdar, special)

Research Coordinators' Perspectives on Recruitment of Minoritized People with Cystic Fibrosis into Clinical Trials.

Clinical trials in cystic fibrosis (CF) disproportionately over-represent non-Hispanic, White individuals. Barriers and facilitators to enrolling racially and ethnically minoritized individuals with CF are not well understood. This study explored research coordinator (RC) perspectives on recruitment and enrollment of minoritized people with CF (PwCF) into clinical trials. A cross-sectional survey was administered to RCs in the CF Therapeutics Development Network (CF TDN), eliciting perceived barriers and facilitators to inclusion of minoritized PwCF in clinical research. Respondents were categorized based on their self-reported experience discussing and successfully enrolling minoritized PwCF into clinical trials. Among 48 respondents, the majority (n = 31, 64%) had little to no experience discussing CF clinical trials with minoritized PwCF. Respondents who had a moderate or great deal of experience identified that having a trusted clinical team member first introduce the study to PwCF as the most common strategy for recruitment. Experienced respondents also identified the importance of having team members who speak the same language or are the same culture as the minoritized PwCF. Respondents who had little to no experience successfully enrolling minoritized PwCF into clinical trials cited low numbers of minoritized patients at their study center as an important consideration. All respondents emphasized language barriers in enrollment including need for adequate translation services and printed materials in the PwCF's primary language. Our study identified modifiable barriers that may be addressed at the level of trial design and study center.

DISMANTLING AND ANALYSING MULTI-PARAGRAPHS TO IMPROVE THE USE OF PRESENT AND PAST TENSES IN WRITING AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS

Grammar is the backbone of language, providing a set of rules and principles that govern the structure, formation, and usage of words and sentences. This study aims to “dismantle” paragraphs from non-friction material, learn the usage of present and past tenses in these sentence structures, and apply this knowledge in writing sentences containing present and past tenses. A pretest-post-test control group design was employed. The participants of this study would consist of 20 college students who were randomly assigned to a treatment and a control group. Both groups were exposed to the same classroom conditions except for the intervention. Only the treatment group was given intervention. The respondents’ scores were measured at two points, pre-test and post-test. This was followed by a semi-structured interview in which three participants from the treatment group were interviewed. The findings revealed improved participants’ use of present and past-tense writing based on the difference between the pretest and the post-test results. The interview data also revealed that the participants were able to construct more accurate sentences using these tenses. Interestingly, the study respondents said that this activity had made them pay close attention to sentence structures when they read materials in the English language. Exposing students to different genres and studying sentence structure thoroughly can help improve students' grammar, specifically present and past tense, in their writing.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0808/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Development of Morottal Media to Improve Memorization of Students MI Nurul Huda II East Bancek Pasean Pamekasan

This research aims to develop moral media to improve student memorization at MI Nurul Huda II East Bank Pasean Pamekasan. The method used in this research is development research by following the following methods. a). define and conduct interviews with teachers and school principals. b). design moral media. c). develop through trials so that the product is suitable for use, this validation takes the form of language validation, material validation, and media. This looks at the feasibility of developing media created by researchers, based on the validation results used by researchers to develop moral media, it is stated that it is quite good to do and apply at the MI Nurul Huda II school, East Bancek Pamekasan.

Proposal of a catalogue of criteria for the identification and classification of metaphorical collocations

Abstract This article focuses on metaphorical collocations, a special subtype of lexical collocations in which the cohesion between the constituents is based on a lexicalised metaphor (see Reder 2006; Volungevičienė 2008; Konecny 2010a, 2010b, 2023). The word combinations in question can develop from originally free sequences into recurrent patterns appearing in several semantically related collocations if they occur repeatedly in similar contexts (see Stojić and Košuta 2020, 2021). A case in point is the German collocation die Zeit verfliegt and its equivalents in Croatian, English and Italian: vrijeme leti (‘time flies’), time flies (by), and il tempo vola (via) (‘time flies (away)’), which convey a rapid movement and the feeling of time rushing by. The various patterns often also reflect cultural concepts and experiences; for example, a pattern that conceptualises time as a resource could be anchored in a cultural idea that regards time as something valuable. Metaphorical collocations thus frequently reflect superordinate conceptual metaphors that are located at a cognitive level and common to more than one language community. Nevertheless, the concrete language-specific manifestations may vary, and in many cases show only partial equivalence. Unlike idioms, where metaphor has long been recognised as a fundamental semantic process (see, e.g., Casadei 1996: passim; Dobrovol’skij and Piirainen 2009: 19–29), collocations have not been thoroughly examined in this regard. It is therefore necessary to gain a more detailed insight into the semantic-cognitive processes underlying the creation of lexical combinations to draw conclusions regarding their relevance for the emergence of collocational sequences. This requires an analysis of extensive authentic language material, which will allow for the development of a catalogue of criteria that facilitates the identification and classification of these specific linguistic phenomena. This paper focuses on uncovering such processes based on a study carried out using SketchEngine in web corpora of German, Croatian, English, and Italian with the aim of creating a clear framework for the identification of metaphorical collocations by elaborating criteria that can serve as guidelines and by attempting a classification into subtypes. The proposed criteria and typology can contribute to the systematic investigation of metaphorical collocations and should also open up perspectives for future work in this field.

SEMANTICS AND MEANING OF TERMS WITH THE COMPONENT ’RED’

The article provides an analysis of the results of a study on the semantics and meanings of terms with the component red in modern Bulgarian. The language material on which basis the study was carried out is an electronic corpus of Bulgarian language texts compiled from publicly available internet sources. Statistical approaches to search for concordances and collocations available through the Sketch Engine lexicographic software were used to discover the terms in the corpus, and the order in the search procedures (algorithm) was previously tested in other cited studies. The theoretical approach of the study involves tracing the semantics and meanings of terms for the color red and terms with the component red using both traditional approaches such as the theory of nomination (by detection of the main semantic component), and modern theories, such as the theory of prototypes (by evaluation of color’s prototypes) in the analysis of the semantics of these terms. Results and examples of high-frequency contextual corpus usages of red are provided to analyze the terms’ semantics and meanings both as a color term and terms with other (non-color) meanings (prototypes and terms of the basic features of the prototypes), and related conclusions on semantics and meanings of these terms are provided. The color component of the terms at issue is interpreted in the context of a broader understanding of color (such as macro-color), in its transition to other colors, and it is also noted that those terms relate to similar terms with a color component, for example white, establishing a semantic relation through the macro-color component.

Quality Learning Environment and Community Participation: Report on a Literacy Boost Project in Indonesia

This article reports the outcomes of community participation and quality learning education resulting from the MEMBACA II project. MEMBACA (Making Early Matter through Books and Community Action) is a literacy project that targets young children in Indonesia. The MEMBACA project includes teacher training, community reading activities, and age-appropriate local language material creation to support emergent literacy skills among early-grade children. These skills include letter awareness, single-word reading of most used words, reading fluency, reading accuracy, and reading comprehension. 31 participants involved in this study, purposively selected to be interviewed through the phone. The thematic analysis found that a better learning environment was produced, a code of conduct is now available in schools, and it has helped in mainstreaming a more positive disciplining approach to teachers. This study has also identified that villages are now allocating their village fund for supporting literacy activities, although the process has experienced a setback in the year 2020 due to the pandemic. Further, while teachers’ capacities were increased due to various activities, learning environments are still troubled by poor infrastructures and a lack of community awareness. Engagement of communities and local government were mostly improved, with major problem lies in the continuity of the literacy-related activities, affected by various factors including poor advocacy and COVID-19 pandemic.

French Medical Poster as a Genre of Medical Discourse

A medical poster is a polycode text of medical discourse, the main purpose of which is to inform the participant in the medical discourse, first of all, the patient, about the existence, characteristic features, peculiarities of the course, solution and consequences of any medical problem. The object of the study is the polycode text of a French medical poster; the subject of the study is genre features of a medical poster in French, considered at the level of thematic diversity, repeating verbal and visual tools, and features of the use of paralinguistic means. The article is a fragment of a study of several genres of medical discourse, which are represented by polycode texts (medical poster, meme, demotivator, advertising), made on the material of Russian, French and Arabic languages. The analysis of the polycode text of a medical poster in French was carried out on 100 texts in French obtained by continuous sampling from the Internet. The novelty of the study is the appeal to the medical poster from the point of view of genre characteristics in the context of medical discourse. The analysis of French medical posters revealed the frequency of posters about cancer symptoms, diagnosis, types of treatment, and prevention; prevention and treatment of Covid-19. A feature of the verbal level is the choice of communicative strategy and its grammatical design in relation to child and adult recipients; inclusion of current vocabulary in the text, including neologisms, as well as preference for repeating a certain structure when organizing the verbal component of a polycode text. At the visual level, French medical posters are characterized by the frequent use of pictures and diagrams and work with color. The basis for constructing a polycode text of a medical poster is the complementary connection between the visual and verbal components.

Contributions of Computerized Dynamic Assessment and Digitalized Feedback to L2 Learners’ Grammar Acquisition: Technology-Enhanced Learning Facilitation Theory

As an integral part of dynamic assessment, computerized dynamic assessment (CDA) offers learners computer-assisted automated mediation. Accordingly, the possible efficacy of corrective feedback seems to be enhanced with new technologies, such as artificial intelligence tools, that offer automatic corrective feedback. Using technology-enhanced learning facilitation theory, this study examined, in this respect, the combined effect of CDA and digitalized feedback (DF) on L2 learners' grammar acquisition. Under a quantitative methodology and in an Iranian language institute, the study used a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design with a control group to evaluate how CDA with DF affected language learners' grammar acquisition. The statistical analyses using t-tests and ANCOVAs revealed that compared to the control group, the experimental group that underwent CDA with DF showed notable increases in both comprehension and production of conditional type 1. The results underlined how well the theory of technology-enhanced learning facilitation helps recognize and produce the target grammatical feature. Emphasizing the significance of including individualized instruction, dynamic assessment, and DF in language teaching and learning methods, implications for language teachers, syllabus designers, materials producers, and policymakers are offered.

Some Intensive Adjectives with p in the Two Tuvan Dialects Jungar Tuvan and Uriankhai

Tuvan belongs to the adaq-group of Turkic languages. Tuvan and its related varieties can be collectively referred to as so-called “Sayan-Turkic.” As a result of this study, based on data obtained from field studies on “Sayan-Turkic” conducted by the Altaic Society of Korea in 2004, 2005, and 2006, it was possible to detect some intensive adjectives with p in Jungar Tuvan and Uriankhai. The questionnaires used did not have vocabulary items designed to search for intensive adjectives. If those vocabulary items had existed, there would have been an opportunity to systematically check intensive adjectives from all informants. The intensive adjectives obtained, especially in Jungar Tuvan and Uriankhai, can be said to be quite important in their own right. There will be many examples like this in the various Turkic language materials obtained from two research projects carried out by the Altaic Society of Korea over a period of six years (three years each). These materials, which have been neglected for over 10 years, must be properly processed as quickly as possible.

Types of play behavior in the expression of the category of relations in the English and Italian languages

The article offers a comparative analysis of the semantic and pragmatic characteristics of the types of play relations in the linguistic world view of non-closely related languages. It involves identifying similarities and differences in the play expression of the category of relations in English and Italian languages. The purpose of the study is a more detailed understanding of the category of relations in the behavioral aspect based on lexemes expressing the concept of play in unrelated languages. The relevance and theoretical novelty of the linguistic analysis of play relations is due to the lack of comparative studies on this issue based on the material of the Italian and English languages in the behavioral aspect. We introduce the concept of observer: the subject of perception and interpretation (ObserverP) and the subject of perception (ObserverA), as an interpreter of types of play relations as a linguistic research tool. The result of the study of the types of play relations is the analysis of lexical units as markers of play behavior in the semiotic and axiological aspects. Analysis of the definitions of lexemes of the compared languages, recorded in dictionaries, showed that, depending on the type of play relations, certain differences appear in the axiological aspect, and, subsequently, manifest themselves in the contexts. In Italian language, a negative assessment is much less common than a positive one when deciphering the semiotics of play behavior. In English language, playful relations reflect the intentions of transferring real behavioural actions into the play; in Italian language, they embellish real behavioral actions. A comparative analysis of language material makes it possible to clearly identify and demonstrate similarities and differences in the understanding and expression of play behavior using material of non-closely related languages.