Language Material Research Articles

SEMANTICS AND MEANING OF TERMS WITH THE COMPONENT ’RED’

The article provides an analysis of the results of a study on the semantics and meanings of terms with the component red in modern Bulgarian. The language material on which basis the study was carried out is an electronic corpus of Bulgarian language texts compiled from publicly available internet sources. Statistical approaches to search for concordances and collocations available through the Sketch Engine lexicographic software were used to discover the terms in the corpus, and the order in the search procedures (algorithm) was previously tested in other cited studies. The theoretical approach of the study involves tracing the semantics and meanings of terms for the color red and terms with the component red using both traditional approaches such as the theory of nomination (by detection of the main semantic component), and modern theories, such as the theory of prototypes (by evaluation of color’s prototypes) in the analysis of the semantics of these terms. Results and examples of high-frequency contextual corpus usages of red are provided to analyze the terms’ semantics and meanings both as a color term and terms with other (non-color) meanings (prototypes and terms of the basic features of the prototypes), and related conclusions on semantics and meanings of these terms are provided. The color component of the terms at issue is interpreted in the context of a broader understanding of color (such as macro-color), in its transition to other colors, and it is also noted that those terms relate to similar terms with a color component, for example white, establishing a semantic relation through the macro-color component.

Quality Learning Environment and Community Participation: Report on a Literacy Boost Project in Indonesia

This article reports the outcomes of community participation and quality learning education resulting from the MEMBACA II project. MEMBACA (Making Early Matter through Books and Community Action) is a literacy project that targets young children in Indonesia. The MEMBACA project includes teacher training, community reading activities, and age-appropriate local language material creation to support emergent literacy skills among early-grade children. These skills include letter awareness, single-word reading of most used words, reading fluency, reading accuracy, and reading comprehension. 31 participants involved in this study, purposively selected to be interviewed through the phone. The thematic analysis found that a better learning environment was produced, a code of conduct is now available in schools, and it has helped in mainstreaming a more positive disciplining approach to teachers. This study has also identified that villages are now allocating their village fund for supporting literacy activities, although the process has experienced a setback in the year 2020 due to the pandemic. Further, while teachers’ capacities were increased due to various activities, learning environments are still troubled by poor infrastructures and a lack of community awareness. Engagement of communities and local government were mostly improved, with major problem lies in the continuity of the literacy-related activities, affected by various factors including poor advocacy and COVID-19 pandemic.

French Medical Poster as a Genre of Medical Discourse

A medical poster is a polycode text of medical discourse, the main purpose of which is to inform the participant in the medical discourse, first of all, the patient, about the existence, characteristic features, peculiarities of the course, solution and consequences of any medical problem. The object of the study is the polycode text of a French medical poster; the subject of the study is genre features of a medical poster in French, considered at the level of thematic diversity, repeating verbal and visual tools, and features of the use of paralinguistic means. The article is a fragment of a study of several genres of medical discourse, which are represented by polycode texts (medical poster, meme, demotivator, advertising), made on the material of Russian, French and Arabic languages. The analysis of the polycode text of a medical poster in French was carried out on 100 texts in French obtained by continuous sampling from the Internet. The novelty of the study is the appeal to the medical poster from the point of view of genre characteristics in the context of medical discourse. The analysis of French medical posters revealed the frequency of posters about cancer symptoms, diagnosis, types of treatment, and prevention; prevention and treatment of Covid-19. A feature of the verbal level is the choice of communicative strategy and its grammatical design in relation to child and adult recipients; inclusion of current vocabulary in the text, including neologisms, as well as preference for repeating a certain structure when organizing the verbal component of a polycode text. At the visual level, French medical posters are characterized by the frequent use of pictures and diagrams and work with color. The basis for constructing a polycode text of a medical poster is the complementary connection between the visual and verbal components.

Contributions of Computerized Dynamic Assessment and Digitalized Feedback to L2 Learners’ Grammar Acquisition: Technology-Enhanced Learning Facilitation Theory

As an integral part of dynamic assessment, computerized dynamic assessment (CDA) offers learners computer-assisted automated mediation. Accordingly, the possible efficacy of corrective feedback seems to be enhanced with new technologies, such as artificial intelligence tools, that offer automatic corrective feedback. Using technology-enhanced learning facilitation theory, this study examined, in this respect, the combined effect of CDA and digitalized feedback (DF) on L2 learners' grammar acquisition. Under a quantitative methodology and in an Iranian language institute, the study used a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design with a control group to evaluate how CDA with DF affected language learners' grammar acquisition. The statistical analyses using t-tests and ANCOVAs revealed that compared to the control group, the experimental group that underwent CDA with DF showed notable increases in both comprehension and production of conditional type 1. The results underlined how well the theory of technology-enhanced learning facilitation helps recognize and produce the target grammatical feature. Emphasizing the significance of including individualized instruction, dynamic assessment, and DF in language teaching and learning methods, implications for language teachers, syllabus designers, materials producers, and policymakers are offered.

Some Intensive Adjectives with p in the Two Tuvan Dialects Jungar Tuvan and Uriankhai

Tuvan belongs to the adaq-group of Turkic languages. Tuvan and its related varieties can be collectively referred to as so-called “Sayan-Turkic.” As a result of this study, based on data obtained from field studies on “Sayan-Turkic” conducted by the Altaic Society of Korea in 2004, 2005, and 2006, it was possible to detect some intensive adjectives with p in Jungar Tuvan and Uriankhai. The questionnaires used did not have vocabulary items designed to search for intensive adjectives. If those vocabulary items had existed, there would have been an opportunity to systematically check intensive adjectives from all informants. The intensive adjectives obtained, especially in Jungar Tuvan and Uriankhai, can be said to be quite important in their own right. There will be many examples like this in the various Turkic language materials obtained from two research projects carried out by the Altaic Society of Korea over a period of six years (three years each). These materials, which have been neglected for over 10 years, must be properly processed as quickly as possible.

Types of play behavior in the expression of the category of relations in the English and Italian languages

The article offers a comparative analysis of the semantic and pragmatic characteristics of the types of play relations in the linguistic world view of non-closely related languages. It involves identifying similarities and differences in the play expression of the category of relations in English and Italian languages. The purpose of the study is a more detailed understanding of the category of relations in the behavioral aspect based on lexemes expressing the concept of play in unrelated languages. The relevance and theoretical novelty of the linguistic analysis of play relations is due to the lack of comparative studies on this issue based on the material of the Italian and English languages in the behavioral aspect. We introduce the concept of observer: the subject of perception and interpretation (ObserverP) and the subject of perception (ObserverA), as an interpreter of types of play relations as a linguistic research tool. The result of the study of the types of play relations is the analysis of lexical units as markers of play behavior in the semiotic and axiological aspects. Analysis of the definitions of lexemes of the compared languages, recorded in dictionaries, showed that, depending on the type of play relations, certain differences appear in the axiological aspect, and, subsequently, manifest themselves in the contexts. In Italian language, a negative assessment is much less common than a positive one when deciphering the semiotics of play behavior. In English language, playful relations reflect the intentions of transferring real behavioural actions into the play; in Italian language, they embellish real behavioral actions. A comparative analysis of language material makes it possible to clearly identify and demonstrate similarities and differences in the understanding and expression of play behavior using material of non-closely related languages.

ETHNOGRAPHISMS IN THE NOVEL “ELEN-ALAN”

In the modern era of developed globalization, the main driving force for the formation of a nation, integration as a people, unification as a country, preservation of national traditions is our ethnic mentality, language, religion and actual thinking. The main idea of the study is to cite ethnographic data from the historical novel “Elen-Alan”, which reflects the history, traditions and thoughts of our nation, using local color phraseology, proverbs and sayings in the language of the writer. The article aims to identify the content of individual phrases and phrases that determine the language skills of the writer by conducting an ethnolinguistic study of Ethnography in the language of A. Kekilbayev. The relevance of the study is manifested in the justification within the framework of linguistic ethnographisms that the ethnocultural unity of the writer's language forms a fund of ethnolexic words. The novelty and value of the topic of the article is emphasized by the fact that the study of phrasal phrases and parables related to domestic customs, traditions and customs that reflect the national character in the language of the writer is taken and evaluated in a holistic context. In the course of the study, methods of systematization and description of language material were used. The need to collect ethnographisms in the writer's language and create a systematic dictionary as future perspectives of the research was determined.

Das Frauenbild im Sozialismus. Eine exemplarische Untersuchung der Tageszeitung der rumäniendeutschen Minderheit Neuer Weg (1950)

Abstract This study focuses on the image of women in socialist society, as it appears in several articles on International Women’s Day in the Romanian-German newspaper Neuer Weg in the 1950s. The political authorities of the time would use Women’s Day to draw attention not only to problems specific to women, such as the protection of mother and child, women in the family and at work, but also to discuss political issues such as equal rights for women, universal, equal, secret and direct women’s suffrage and securing peace. The author takes the standpoint of sociolinguistics and pragmalinguistics in analysing and evaluating the linguistic data, whereby the language material points out particularities on a lexical, morpho-syntactic and pragmatic level.

The Use of QR Code-Based Arabic Ewan Textbooks in Learning Mahārah Kalām

<p style="text-align: justify;">Learning Arabic for beginners Of course, you really need a guide book in learning a language. The book does not seem archaic and monotonous but a textbook that is creative, innovative and easy to understand for students. Al Maahira IIBS Malang, recently this institution launched the implementation of a very interesting textbook adopted from Ewan University, namely the book "Ewan Arabic" in which there are Arabic language materials juxtaposed with QR Codes. This will help teachers in developing their teaching innovations, even making the teaching process more exciting creative to support the student learning process to run smoothly and foster the spirit of student learning motivation. The researcher used a qualitative descriptive method supported by quantitative data analysis. The use of QR-Code-based ewan textbooks supports students in learning maharah kalam can motivate them. The learning atmosphere has changed to be more lively students are also more active and enthusiastic.</p>

Readability Level of Spanish Language Online Health Information: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Because there is limited online health information in Spanish and it is critical to raise health literacy among Spanish-speaking people, it is essential to assess the readability level of Spanish material. Method: This systematic review included all articles published up to January 3, 2024, and used the CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases. The objective was to include the body of knowledge on published articles on the readability levels of Spanish-language, web-based health information intended for lay audiences. Results: There were 27 articles in the final review. Within these articles, 11 tools were used in the Spanish language text. Of the tools, INFLESZ was the most frequently used and the FRY formula, Flesch-Szigriszt Index, and Flesch Formula Index were least used. Most materials (85.2%) reported readability levels of online Spanish information above the 8th grade reading level. Conclusions: The findings show the lack of internet-based Spanish language health information and materials at a recommended (e.g., 5th to 8th grade) reading level. More research is needed to determine which readability tests are more accurate for calculating the readability of Spanish web health information.

The National Library of Medicine (NLM) Learning Resources Database

The National Library of Medicine (NLM) Learning Resources Database provides access to more than 500 educational resources on NLM products and services, including videos, webinars, and tutorials. The database includes resources designed primarily for librarians, health educators, researchers, and clinicians, for finding biomedical literature, research data, chemical, and genetic information. You can search by keyword, subject, language, and audience, and access materials directly or download them for reuse. Resources are reviewed at least annually, and mos.t materials are in the public domain. Features of the site include interactive search options, topic guides, and upcoming training events. NLM also offers API access for integrating resources into other websites.

Digital Comic Media Development to Overcome Students’ Difficulty in Learning Figurative Language Grade V Elementary School

Figurative language as one of the materials in Indonesian language learning, is very important to learn. However, there are still many students who have difficulty understanding the material. Difficulty understanding the material will result in difficulty understanding the meaning of words. This study aims to develop digital comic media on figurative language material for grade V elementary school students. This type of research is development research with the ADDIE development model. The data collection techniques used in this research are observation, interviews, documentation, questionnaires, and tests. The data analysis techniques used were the normality test, t-test, and <em>N-Gain</em> test. The results of the assessment of the feasibility of digital comics from material experts obtained a score of 89.87%. While the assessment of media experts obtained a value of 88.05%. In addition, responses from users on small-scale product trials obtained a percentage of 98.33% from students and 100% from homeroom teacher. Meanwhile, during the large-scale product trial, a percentage of 98.18% was obtained from students and 100% from homeroom teacher. The effectiveness of digital comics on figurative language material is evidenced in the t-test, with the results in the small-scale product trial a value of 𝑡 of 11.366 > with a value of 2.571. While in the large-scale product trial obtained amounting to 16.115 > with a value of 2.080. In the <em>N-Gain</em> test, the small-scale product trial obtained an <em>N-Gain</em> of 0.77 and the large-scale product trial obtained an <em>N-Gain</em> of 0.74.

СЕТЕВАЯ ИНТЕРАКТИВНАЯ РАБОЧАЯ ТЕТРАДЬ КАК ВИРТУАЛЬНОЕ СРЕДСТВО ТЕХНОЛОГИИ «ПЕРЕВЁРНУТЫЙ КЛАСС»: ИНТЕНСИФИКАЦИЯ ПРОЦЕССА ОБУЧЕНИЯ РКИ НА НАЧАЛЬНОМ ЭТАПЕ

One of the most effective pedagogical technologies that allow to maximize the learning process of RFL-teaching is the “inverted classroom” technology. When creating the “inverted classroom” technology, the main task is to transform classes in such a way that students make the most productive use of their most important resource – time. In our opinion, it is possible to introduce this technology into the RFL-learning process quite effectively by creating a network interactive workbook with textbook elements. It is important to note that the development of an interactive workbook and its integration within the framework of the “inverted classroom” technology requires a huge amount of time to develop the scenario of the lesson, the selection of illustrative material, the selection of language material, the creation of unique texts, etc. Nevertheless, the high efficiency and intensification of the learning process confirm the effectiveness and expediency of using such interactive forms: 1) Students, when studying materials independently, can work in a convenient mode and in an individual format, which has a beneficial effect on the degree of assimilation of data. 2) The initial development of skills and instant automatic verification of tasks allows students to analyze the degree of formation of their knowledge. 3) Formation of a sense of responsibility for the quality of homework. 4) Reducing the amount of time to test knowledge in the classroom, which in turn allows you to include in the educational process tools aimed at developing communicative and socio-cultural skills. 5) Support for a high level of motivation of students and the development of their creative abilities.

Kendala Penggunaan Bahasa Indonesia Pada Proses Pembelajaran di Program Studi Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan dan Rekreasi.

This research aims to identify barriers to the use of Indonesian in the learning process in the Physical Education, Health and Recreation study program. To measure perceptions and experiences regarding the use of Indonesian in learning, especially in understanding technical content, providing teaching, and communicating between students. This research uses a quantitative approach method by distributing questionnaires to third semester students. The research results show that the majority of respondents think that using Indonesian is effective in understanding basic concepts, but it is difficult to understand technical terms in foreign languages. In addition, misunderstandings often occur between instructors and students, especially in teaching practice environments. Another barrier identified was the lack of specific vocabulary in Indonesian to explain complex concepts in the fields of sport and health. The results of this research indicate that there is a need to adopt terminology in Indonesian that is easier to understand and improve instructors' abilities in creating teaching materials in language that is easier to understand.

Inclusion in the learning game: Applying considerations from cognitive neuroscience, educational psychology, and SLA to language learning activity and materials design

Considering the need for pedagogically effective learning activities and materials to support language learning, particularly within teacher-led instruction, it is curious that at present there is no overarching, research-based framework available to educators to draw from when designing and implementing such activities and materials. To address this gap, the authors of this paper have drawn from a host of relevant research pertaining to cognitive neuroscience, educational psychology, and second language acquisition to establish a framework for designing and implementing activities and learning materials capable of facilitating enhanced language learning outcomes within an inclusive classroom. Incorporating ten key considerations – attention and focus, desirable difficulty, depth of processing, deliberate practice, novelty and surprise, wakeful rest, visible learning, meaningful feedback, affective engagement, and strategic choice and use – this versatile framework not only provides teachers with necessary knowledge for designing language learning activities and materials in an engaging and efficacious manner but may also embolden them to do so.

Linguistic projection of ethnostereotyping of advice in languages with different structures

The article is a comparative study of linguistic objectification of ethno-stereotypical features associated with the speech act of advice in languages with different structures. In the process of intercultural communication, an important mission is performed by politeness, which contributes to the establishment of friendly and favorable relations between communicants. The speech act of advice as one of the forms of linguistic objectification of the category of politeness is also a condition for maintaining social reciprocity. At the same time, the projection of this phenomenon in language in different cultural spaces varies. In the article based on the material of three differently structured Kabardino-Circassian, Russian and English languages, using a comprehensive research methodology, including general scientific and linguistic methods, such as methods of comparative, component, contextual, etymological analysis, interpretation and generalization, the specifics of the work of national thinking in linguistic actualization of the concept of advice are studied. The analysis of languages with different structures revealed universal and nationally specific features of the Kabardino-Circassian, Russian and English linguocultures, in particular, culturally determined stereotyping associated with the speech act of advice in the framework of ensuring social reciprocity. A comparative study of languages with different structures made it possible to identify the features of each language that could remain undiscovered during the autonomous study of individual languages. The introduction of new language material into scientific use promotes further research in linguoculturology.

APOYOnline: A Sustainable Approach to Heritage Preservation Across the Americas

ABSTRACT For 35 years, APOYOnline – Association for Heritage Preservation of the Americas has been building bridges of communication and promoting professional development in the field of heritage preservation, strengthening, empowering, and transforming our community, increasing inclusion and access, and reducing social inequalities in the Americas and in Portuguese- and Spanish-speaking countries. As a grassroots, volunteer-based, non-profit organization, we listen to the community and work to address needs caused by widely recognized discrepancies in working conditions, adverse climate conditions, social inequalities in training, and other factors that directly impact heritage preservation and to provide access to specialized technical resources. This paper presents the voices of APOYOnline and the impact of the organization’s catalyzing work in improving resource accessibility and connecting people. This work has mobilized regional and global networks, providing equal opportunities through translation of reference materials in multiple languages, professional development grants for students and emerging professionals, and training and regional networking events in underserved territories in the region. It also addresses our special community-based initiative Manos a la Obra, which strengthens long-term community engagement as a collaborative knowledge-sharing process, based on learning through participation and dialogue. The program improves access to technical information and fosters the long-term sustainability of local and regional cultural heritage preservation efforts, and has served as a model for similar activities in other countries. APOYOnline pursues sustainability through volunteer-based networking showing that communication and horizontal interaction with local communities creates awareness and better opportunities for our professionals and positively impacts heritage preservation in the region.

Bangla Optical Character Recognition for Mobile Platforms: A Comprehensive Cross-Platform Approach

The development of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems for Bangla script has been an area of active research since the 1980s. This study presents a comprehensive analysis and development of a cross-platform mobile application for Bangla OCR, leveraging the Tesseract OCR engine. The primary objective is to enhance the recognition accuracy of Bangla characters, achieving rates between 90% and 99%. The application is designed to facilitate the automatic extraction of text from images selected from the device's photo library, promoting the preservation and accessibility of Bangla language materials. This paper discusses the methodology, including the preparation of training datasets, preprocessing steps, and the integration of the Tesseract OCR engine within a Dart programming environment for cross-platform functionality. This integration provides that the application could be introduced on mobile platforms without substantial alterations. The results demonstrate significant improvements in recognition accuracy, making this application a valuable tool for various practical applications such as data entry for printed Bengali documents, automatic recognition of Bangla number plates, and the digital archiving of vintage Bangla books. These improvements are crucial to further enhance the usability and reliability of Bangla OCR on mobile devices. Our cross-platform method for Bangla OCR on mobile devices provides a strong solution with exceptional identification accuracy, which helps in preserving and making Bangla language information accessible in digital format. This study has significant implications for future research and advancement in the field of optical character recognition (OCR) for intricate writing systems, especially in mobile settings.

English Materials Development Oriented to Left and Right Brains Accommodation for Senior High School

This research aims to analyze the development of left and right brain accommodation-oriented English language material for high school. This study applied Research and Development research design to general the English material whole accommodated the right brain and left brain. This study voluntarily involved the tent grade students at SMA Negeri 7 Yogyakarta who consisted of 89 students to fill in the questionnaire which dealt with target needs and learning needs. The materials development approach used in this research was based on The Dick and Carey model which included conducting a needs analysis, designing syllabus, developing the draft of the materials, validating the English materials from experts, and doing try-out. The result of the study shows that the developed English materials are appropriate for the students referring to the experts’ responses to the questionnaire with the average score from expert judgement 1 is 3.68, and from expert judgement 2 is 3.67. This is supported by students’ responses to the questionnaire with average score 3.05. This suggests that the English materials facilitate students to accommodate both sides of their brain.

Augmentation of Receptive Skills and Integration of Technology: An Analytical Perspective of Faculty’s Perceptions and Observations in EFL Context

Focusing on the utilization and integration of technology in EFL classrooms to train learners and enrich language inputs. Augmenting receptive skills in the EFL contexts, this paper has repopulated faculty’s perceptions and observations respecting the integration of technology. The study discloses patricians’ thoughts regarding the significance of integrating technology in language classrooms in Saudi for the augmentation of professional strength and academic performance. Language has become more error-free during the practices through technological devices and applications of apps in sessions by language instructors. The study reveals that teachers have presented the effectiveness of the integration of technology for the elevation of de-codification and standardization of language receptions. To inculcate language materials enhances learners’ comprehension during discussions and participations. Instructors have concluded that the integration of technology assists students’ knowledge of language helping in the deconstruction of codification purportedly. Correspondingly, faculty have communicated their discernments of technology integration in EFL classrooms to capitalize on its substantial application for enhancing receptive domains. This research has clarified that integration of technology has become lucrative to instigate effectively learners to receive messages—minimizing misinterpretation of text. Obtaining the overall insights and observations of teachers have identified the optimistic implication of integrating technology for instructional applications and enhancement of receptive skills. They discussed and reflected on the constructive impacts of technology integration on EFL learners. Moreover, the researcher used two questionnaires to conduct the present study from faculty, whose perceptions and attitudes about technology integration inspiring and instigating factors influencing students in the EFL context. Data have been analyzed through SSP to know the differences between all participants’ selected options. Hence, it can be recapitulated that the augmentation of receptive skills has effectual acceleration after the integration of technology.