Materials For Bone Regeneration Research Articles

Hydroxyapatite based biocomposite scaffold: A highly biocompatible material for bone regeneration.

The conventional approaches for treating bone defects such as autografts donor tissue shortages and allografts transmission of diseases pose many shortcomings. The objective of this study was to design a nano strontium/magnesium doped hydroxyapatite (Sr/Mg-HA) with chitosan (CTS) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) (Sr/Mg-HA/MWCNT/CTS) biocomposite was created to support the growth of osteoblasts using a solvent evaporation method. To help the growth of osteoblasts, a solvent evaporation technique was used to design a nano strontium/magnesium doped hydroxyapatite with chitosan and multi-walled carbon nanotubes biocomposite. We studied the biocompatibility and efficiency in vitro of biocomposite following physicochemical analyzes. Tests of biocompatibility, cell proliferation, mineralization, and osteogenic differentiation have shown that in-vitro safety and effectiveness of biocomposite are good. The performance of biocomposite was more efficient in in-vitro as well as in vivo experiments than in Sr/Mg-HA nanoparticles. Briefly, the Sr/Mg-HA/MWCNT/CTS biocomposite is an ideal candidate for effective bone repair in clinics with excellent mechanical properties with durable multi-biofunctional antibacterial properties and osteoinductivity.

An injectable bioactive magnesium phosphate cement incorporating carboxymethyl chitosan for bone regeneration

Magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) can be injected to form an in situ scaffold to repair bone defects. Here we synthesized novel injectable bioactive cements (CMPCs) by incorporating different ratios of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC, 0–10%) into MPC. The physiochemical properties, compositions, and microstructures of CMPCs were evaluated. The in vitro cellular responses of pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells to CMPCs including adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation were quantified and the underlying cellular mechanisms investigated. CMPCs had longer setting times and lower setting temperatures. CMPC injectability was enhanced by the addition of CMC. The CMPC containing 5% CMC had the highest compressive strength and washout resistance. CMPCs had a more neutral pH compared to MPC at four weeks. Furthermore, CMPC samples showed similar degradability and Mg2+ release to MPC in Tris-HCl buffer. Osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) showed significantly greater adherence, proliferation, and differentiation on CMPC specimens than on MPC. Finally, CMPCs effectively increased the adsorption of fibronectin and activated integrin signaling as indicated by enhanced FAK and ERK phosphorylation. Our novel CMPC composites have improved physicochemical properties and cellular responses and represent a promising material for bone regeneration.

In vivo bioactivity assessment of strontium-containing soda-lime-borate glass implanted in femoral defect of rat

Most of previous works studied the bioactivity of tertiary soda-lime-borate as in vitro method, but, there have been no previous studies investigated the in vivo compatibility of such glass. This work was mainly aimed at in vivo assessment of bone formation of tertiary soda-lime-borate bioactive glass doped with Sr. the glass composition was based on 60 B2O3–20 Na2O–(20-x) CaO–xSrO (wt%), where, x = 0 and 10 wt% (samples encoded B0 and BS, respectively). The in vivo test was conducted in femoral bone defect of Sprague-Dawley adult male rats after 3 and 6 weeks post-surgery using the histological analyses and bone formation markers (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN)). Moreover, the possible systemic toxicity was studied using different biochemical analyses (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, urea and creatinine). The result of bone markers showed that serum OCN level increased in rat implanted with sample B0 than that observed in sample BS at 3 and 6 weeks post-implantation, while this finding was reversed in ALP activity. In vivo bioactivity test showed that implantation of all borate glasses did not demonstrate local or general complications in all rats, and they exhibited nearly complete bone mineralization. However, BS glass was formed more new bone % than B0 one in long implantation time. In conclusion, the synthesized bioactive borate glasses were safe materials, and introducing of Sr in the glass was enhanced formation of new bone throughout long time of implantation. Accordingly, this glass can be used as a potential substitute for bone regenerative materials and a hosting for strontium ions delivery.

Ferric oxide: A favorable additive to balance mechanical strength and biological activity of silicocarnotite bioceramic

Ideal materials for bone regeneration should have not only a good bioactivity, but also a good mechanical strength to provide an initial support for new bone formation. How to get a balance between high mechanical property and good bioactivity is a challenging issue for bone regeneration materials. In the present work, a biocompatible additive Fe2O3 was selected to optimize the comprehensive properties of a novel calcium phosphate silicate (CPS) ceramic using a mechanical mixing method. The effects of Fe2O3 content on microstructure, bending strength, apatite formation ability and cytocompatibility of Fe-CPS bioceramics were investigated and the related mechanism was also discussed. The obtained Fe-CPS bioceramics showed enhanced mechanical and favorable bioactivity performances. Especially, the Fe-CPS bioceramic with 1.5 wt% Fe2O3 sintered at 1250 °C presented the highest bending strength of 91.9 MPa. While, Fe-CPS bioceramics still exhibited a good ability on apatite formation in simulated body fluid (SBF), and cytocompatibility test revealed that Fe-CPS bioceramics were favorable for cell adhesion and proliferation. All the results indicated that Fe-CPS bioceramics are promising candidate materials for bone regeneration at load bearing applications.

A Novel Unidirectional Porous β-tricalcium Phosphate Bone Substitute in Orthopedic Surgery: A Technical Note and Case Illustrations.

Bone grafting is frequently performed in orthopedic surgeries. Artificial bone is a common grafting material. We have developed an absorbable material for bone regeneration with a unique structure: unidirectional porous β-tricalcium phosphate (AffinosⓇ; Kuraray Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The most distinctive feature of this material is the ease with which blood can rapidly reach its depths by capillary action due to the unidirectional porous structure. It is also characterized by the presence of micropores, which are known to be beneficial for osteoconductivity both on the surface and inside the material. Favorable artificial bone absorption and regeneration with natural bone were observed in cases of clinical bone graft applications in the spine, extremities, benign bone tumor, trauma, and donor sites. Affinos is useful as a novel absorbable material for bone regeneration in various orthopedic surgeries.

Multifunctional injectable protein-based hydrogel for bone regeneration

Protein plays an important role in the maintenance of osmotic pressure and binding and transportation of nutrients to cells, which is essential for the rapid regeneration of bone tissues. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is the most abundant plasma protein in the body. Here, theBSA-based hydrogel was first developed through the thiolated bovine serum albumin (sBSA) employing the robust and reversible -SAg coordination, which owns injectable, self-healing and antibacterial properties for the treatment of bone defect regeneration. First, the BSA was treated with Traut's reagent to replace the primary amine groups of the lysine residue in its primary structure with thiol groups. Then, the thiolated BSA (sBSA) was added with silver nitrate to be crosslinked. -SAg coordination took place immediately when sBSA and silver were mixed and a shear-thinning hydrogel was thus produced. By adjusting the proportion of BSA, the mechanical properties of the hydrogels can be adjusted. Moreover, this novel protein-based hydrogel is bio-degradable and can slowly release silver ions to generate an antibacterial effect for P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum bacterial. Moreover, the protein-based injectable hydrogel has very good biocompatibility and bioactivity on promoting bone regeneration. As shown in this study, the in vitro experiments showed that the hydrogel effectively enhanced the osteogenesis differentiation of osteogenic precursor cells. And the in vivo study showed faster and better bone repair outcomes in large cranial defect rabbit model, in comparison to the commercially used spongious bone substitutes (Bio-OSS). Therefore, protein-based hydrogel is a very good promising material for bone regeneration.

Wood-Derived Hybrid Scaffold with Highly Anisotropic Features on Mechanics and Liquid Transport toward Cell Migration and Alignment

Fantastic structures in nature have inspired much incredible research. Wood, a typical model of anisotropy and hierarchy, has been widely investigated for its mechanical properties and water extraction abilities, although applications in biological areas remain challenging. Delignified wood composite with in situ deposited hydroxyapatite (HAp) and infiltrated polycaprolactone (PCL) is hereby fabricated in an attempt to mimic natural bone. The inherent structure and properties of wood are carefully preserved during the fabrication, showing anisotropic mechanical properties in the radial direction (420 MPa) and longitudinal direction (20 MPa). In addition, it also performs directional liquid transport, effectively inducing the migration and alignment of cells to simulate the uniform seeding behavior of various cells in natural bone. Moreover, the synergistic effect of blended HAp and PCL largely promotes cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, providing a promising candidate for bone regeneration materials.

Bone Regeneration: A Novel Osteoinductive Function of Spongostan by the Interplay between Its Nano- and Microtopography

Scaffold materials for bone regeneration are crucial for supporting endogenous healing after accidents, infections, or tumor resection. Although beneficial impacts of microtopological or nanotopological cues in scaffold topography are commonly acknowledged, less consideration is given to the interplay between the microscale and nanoscale. Here, micropores with a 60.66 ± 24.48 µm diameter ordered by closely packed collagen fibers are identified in pre-wetted Spongostan, a clinically-approved collagen sponge. On a nanoscale level, a corrugated surface of the collagen sponge is observable, leading to the presence of 32.97 ± 1.41 nm pores. This distinct micro- and nanotopography is shown to be solely sufficient for guiding osteogenic differentiation of human stem cells in vitro. Transplantation of Spongostan into a critical-size calvarial rat bone defect further leads to fast regeneration of the lesion. However, masking the micro- and nanotopographical cues using SiO2 nanoparticles prevents bone regeneration in vivo. Therefore, we demonstrate that the identified micropores allow migration of stem cells, which are further driven towards osteogenic differentiation by scaffold nanotopography. The present findings emphasize the necessity of considering both micro- and nanotopographical cues to guide intramembranous ossification, and might provide an optimal cell- and growth-factor-free scaffold for bone regeneration in clinical settings.

Effects of tricalcium silicate/sodium alginate/calcium sulfate hemihydrate composite cements on osteogenic performances in vitro and in vivo.

In this study, ternary organic–inorganic composite bone cements of tricalcium silicate/sodium alginate/calcium sulfate hemihydrate (C3S/SA/CS) were successfully fabricated for in vitro and in vivo osteogenesis study, mainly including proliferation, attachment and osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and bone regeneration in critical-sized rabbit femoral condyle defect model. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells treated with the C3S/SA/CS composite cements exhibited good proliferation, excellent attachment, enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity, increased calcium deposition, and osteogenic-related gene expressions with increasing calcium sulfate component. Depending on optimally combinatorial effect of bioactive calcium and silicon ions in osteogenic differentiation, the C3 composite cement (C3S/SA/CS: 35/35/30 wt%, inorganic content: 65 wt%) with moderate surface wettability and suitable environmental pH possessed more remarkable osteogenic activity as compared with other compositions of composite cements. Furthermore, in vivo results of micro-CT analysis and histological evaluation confirmed that the C3 composite cement with enhanced cell attachment and osteogenic differentiation could induce much more bone formation and better osseointegration in comparison with the C0 composite cement (C3S/SA/CS: 50/50/0 wt%). Therefore, the C3 composite cement with significantly improved osteogenesis capacity might have certain potential as bioactive implantable materials for bone regeneration.

Cellulose nanocrystals reinforced gelatin/bioactive glass nanocomposite scaffolds for potential application in bone regeneration

Simulating components, precise porous three-dimensional structure and physico-mechanical properties of natural bone have become a vital direction in the development of bone tissue regeneration. This work focused on enhancing mechanical strength of scaffold materials for bone regeneration, a subject of serious attention in its fabrication. Hence, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), possessing favorable biocompatibility and impressive mechanical properties, was selected to reinforce the nanocomposite scaffolds of gelatin/bioactive glass (BG-Gel) system. The porous composite BG-Gel-CNC was simultaneously constructed by in-situ composite method and freeze-drying technique. The results manifested that the scaffolds incorporated with CNC showed a desirable compressive strength compared to the control, better wettability, which is conducive to better adhesion, growth and proliferation of cells. In addition, appropriate porosity, pore connectivity and biocompatibility were also demonstrated. These findings therefore suggested their potential application to function as effective scaffold materials in bone tissue regeneration.

Reosseointegration after the surgical treatment of induced peri-implantitis: systematic review on current evidence and translation from the animal to the human model.

The aim of this study was to review the histologic evidence of reosseointegration and related influencing factors in experimental induced peri-implantitis. An electronic search was performed on Medline for animal studies that included a histometric evaluation of the amount of regenerated bone in contact with an implant surface. Questions raised in the study focused on the role of implant surfaces, bone regeneration and decontamination treatments in achieving reosseointegration. A detailed electronic search was then conducted on MEDLINE (PubMed) up to July 2017. One hundred and one articles were selected as abstract, thirty-seven articles assessed as full-text and sixteen finally included in the study. Reported measurements of reosseointegration varied significantly in the study, from 0 to 3.37 mm. There is histological evidence that reosseointegration can occur after treatment of ligature-induced peri-implantitis. However regenerated bone in contact with bone is generally restricted to the most apical portion of the peri-implant defect. Animal studies of induced peri-implantitis seem to indicate that rough surfaces can enhance reosseointegration as compared to smooth surfaces. With regard to bone regeneration techniques and materials, submerged healing and barrier membranes have shown a positive effect on reosseointegration. No evidence exists, however, about the specific role of different bone substitutes and their ability to improve bone formation. Growth factors have been shown to improve reosseointegration in animal models, though additional study is required to confirm the data. Several decontamination treatments have been shown to promote reosseointegration compared to control; however no specific procedure has proven superior to others in achieving reosseointegration.

Platelet-rich plasma-enhanced osseointegration of decellularized bone matrix in critical-size radial defects in rabbits.

BackgroundBone defects represent a common orthopedic condition. With its vast array of donor sources, xenogeneic bone shows considerable potential as a bone defect repair material but may also be associated with immune rejection and reduced osteogenic capacity. Thus, reducing the risks for immune rejection of xenogeneic bone, while improving its osseointegration, are key technical challenges.MethodsDecellularized bone matrix scaffolds (DBMs) were fabricated by thorough ultrasonic vibration and subjection to chemical biological agents to remove cells and proteins. The DBMs were then mixed with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) under negative pressure. Growth factor concentrations of PRP, as well as the microstructures and biomechanical properties of the system, were examined. Furthermore, osseointegration capacities in the critical-size radial defect rabbit model were verified.ResultsComplete decellularization of the scaffold and limited reductions in mechanical strength were observed. Moreover, the obtained PRP demonstrated various growth factors. Radiographic evaluation and histological analysis verified that more new bone formation occurred in the DBM mixed with PRP group at 6 and 12 weeks after implantation compared with both the blank group and the DBM without PRP group.ConclusionsThorough physical and chemical treatments can reduce the probability of immune rejection of DBMs. The novel composite of DBMs mixed with PRP can serve as a promising bone regeneration material.

Mineral-Doped Poly(L-lactide) Acid Scaffolds Enriched with Exosomes Improve Osteogenic Commitment of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells are extracellular vesicles released to facilitate cell communication and function. Recently, polylactic acid (PLA), calcium silicates (CaSi), and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) have been used to produce bioresorbable functional mineral-doped porous scaffolds-through thermally induced phase separation technique, as materials for bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mineral-doped PLA-based porous scaffolds enriched with exosome vesicles (EVs) on osteogenic commitment of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (hAD-MSCs). Two different mineral-doped scaffolds were produced: PLA-10CaSi-10DCPD and PLA-5CaSi-5DCPD. Scaffolds surface micromorphology was investigated by ESEM-EDX before and after 28 days immersion in simulated body fluid (HBSS). Exosomes were deposited on the surface of the scaffolds and the effect of exosome-enriched scaffolds on osteogenic commitment of hAD-MSCs cultured in proximity of the scaffolds has been evaluated by real time PCR. In addition, the biocompatibility was evaluated by direct-contact seeding hAD-MSCs on scaffolds surface-using MTT viability test. In both formulations, ESEM showed pores similar in shape (circular and elliptic) and size (from 10–30 µm diameter). The porosity of the scaffolds decreased after 28 days immersion in simulated body fluid. Mineral-doped scaffolds showed a dynamic surface and created a suitable bone-forming microenvironment. The presence of the mineral fillers increased the osteogenic commitment of hAD-MSCs. Exosomes were easily entrapped on the surface of the scaffolds and their presence improved gene expression of major markers of osteogenesis such as collagen type I, osteopontin, osteonectin, osteocalcin. The experimental scaffolds enriched with exosomes, in particular PLA-10CaSi-10DCPD, increased the osteogenic commitment of MSCs. In conclusion, the enrichment of bioresorbable functional scaffolds with exosomes is confirmed as a potential strategy to improve bone regeneration procedures.

A Structural Comparison of Ordered and Non-Ordered Ion Doped Silicate Bioactive Glasses.

One of the key benefits of sol-gel-derived glasses is the presence of a mesoporous structure and the resulting increase in surface area. This enhancement in textural properties has a significant effect on the physicochemical properties of the materials. In this context the aim of this study was to investigate how sol-gel synthesis parameters can influence the textural and structural properties of mesoporous silicate glasses. We report the synthesis and characterization of metal ion doped sol-gel derived glasses with different dopants in the presence or absence of a surfactant (Pluronic P123) used as structure-directing templating agent. Characterization was done by several methods. Using a structure directing agent led to larger surface areas and highly ordered mesoporous structures. The chemical structure of the non-ordered glasses was modified to a larger extent than the one of the ordered glasses due to increased incorporation of dopant ions into the glass network. The results will help to further understand how the properties of sol-gel glasses can be controlled by incorporation of metal dopants, in conjunction with control over the textural properties, and will be important to optimize the properties of sol-gel glasses for specific applications, e.g., drug delivery, bone regeneration, wound healing, and antibacterial materials.

Characterization of a composite polylactic acid-hydroxyapatite 3D-printing filament for bone-regeneration

Autologous cancellous-bone grafts are the current gold standard for therapeutic interventions in which bone-regeneration is desired. The main limitations of these implants are the need for a secondary surgical site, creating a wound on the patient, the limited availability of harvest-safe bone, and the lack of structural integrity of the grafts. Synthetic, resorbable, bone-regeneration materials could pose a viable treatment alternative, that could be implemented through 3D-printing. We present here the development of a polylactic acid-hydroxyapatite (PLA-HAp) composite that can be processed through a commercial-grade 3D-printer. We have shown that this material could be a viable option for the development of therapeutic implants for bone regeneration. Biocompatibility in vitro was demonstrated through cell viability studies using the osteoblastic MG63 cell-line, and we have also provided evidence that the presence of HAp in the polymer matrix enhances cell attachment and osteogenicity of the material. We have also provided guidelines for the optimal PLA-HAp ratio for this application, as well as further characterisation of the mechanical and thermal properties of the composite. This study encompasses the base for further research on the possibilities and safety of 3D-printable, polymer-based, resorbable composites for bone regeneration.

Synthesis and formation mechanism of bone mineral, whitlockite nanocrystals in tri-solvent system

Whitlockite (WH, Ca18Mg2(HPO4)2(PO4)12) is the second most abundant bone mineral and has attracted attention as one of the novel bone regenerative materials. It has proven to enhance growth and promote osteogenesis of stem cells. However, investigating the mechanism of formation of pure phase WH nanocrystals remains a challenge. In this study, we introduced an interesting synthesis approach of WH nanocrystals using a tri-solvent system for the solid-liquid-solution (SLS) process. The ratio of precursor and reaction solvent composition was optimized to generate WH nanocrystals with tunable size, morphology (nanoplates, nanospheres), and surface properties (hydrophobic, hydrophilic), which is impossible to achieve using the traditional precipitation method. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that the growth direction of nanoplates is highly related to the surfactant and its binding affinity. Finite element method (FEM) simulations elucidated that the ratio of ethanol/water plays an important role in defining the crystallinity and morphology of WH. In this study, we demonstrated that the cell proliferation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) is enhanced upon treatment with WH. The results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) revealed that WH can positively accelerate the osteogenic differentiation in hBMSCs. The as-synthesized WH has a great potential in the future to be used in osteogenic tissue engineering. This study opens a new horizon for the synthesis and application of WH.

The implication of the notch signaling pathway in biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic-induced ectopic bone formation: A preliminary experiment.

Calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic is a promising material in bone regeneration because it was proved biocompatible, osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and effective. Although it manifests favorable characteristics in critical-sized bone defects repair, the mechanism of its osteoinduction is still unclear. In the present study, we studied the mechanism of ectopic bone formation, with interest in the Notch signaling pathway. BCP ceramics with or without Notch signaling inhibitor RO4929097 were cocultured with bone marrow-derived stem cells in vitro. The expression of osteogenesis (OPN/Col/Runx2) and Notch signaling pathway-related genes (Hes1/Jagged/Notch1) were increased in the BCP group compared with the control group without BCP but significantly decreased after adding RO4929097. Furthermore, a higher level of alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in the BCP group compared with RO4929097 and control group separately. For further confirmation, the intramuscularly ectopic implantation models of Beagle dogs were used. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed a similar trend with the in vitro experiment. Histological and histomorphometric analysis indicated that bone formation was delayed by RO4929097. These findings illustrated that the Notch signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in bone formation induced by BCP; Notch signaling pathway may positively influence ectopic bone formation by promoting BMSCs to differentiate toward osteoblasts.

Colocación de Implantes Inmediatos Post Extracción en Alvéolos de Molares mandibulares con y sin injerto óseo. Presentación de Casos Clínicos.

Objetivos: Evaluar las diferencias y las reacciones de los tejidos peri implantares en implantes inmediatos postextracción en alvéolos de molares mandibulares infectados o no infectados, con o sin colocación de injerto óseo. Métodos: Se colocaron cuatro implantes inmediatos postextracción de molares mandibulares con o sin infección en cuatro pacientes, fueron divididos en 2 grupos (n=2), uno sin injerto óseo y otro con injerto óseo. Se realizó controles clínicos y radiográficos a los 8 días y a los 4 meses de colocado el implante. Resultados: Ambos grupos presentaron oseointegración de los implantes con una taza de supervivencia del 100%. No se observó mayor diferencia en los cambios de nivel de la cresta ósea en sentido vertical ni horizontal. Conclusiones: Con las limitaciones del presente estudio, podemos concluir que la colocación de los implantes inmediatos postextracción en molares mandibulares con el uso o no de injerto óseo no presenta mayor diferencia.

Biodegradable Polymers as Drug Delivery Systems for Bone Regeneration.

Regenerative medicine has been widely researched for the treatment of bone defects. In the field of bone regenerative medicine, signaling molecules and the use of scaffolds are of particular importance as drug delivery systems (DDS) or carriers for cell differentiation, and various materials have been explored for their potential use. Although calcium phosphates such as hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate are clinically used as synthetic scaffold material for bone regeneration, biodegradable materials have attracted much attention in recent years for their clinical application as scaffolds due their ability to facilitate rapid localized absorption and replacement with autologous bone. In this review, we introduce the types, features, and performance characteristics of biodegradable polymer scaffolds in their role as DDS for bone regeneration therapy.

Unravelling the Impact of Calcium Content on the Bioactivity of Sol-Gel-Derived Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles.

Sol-gel-derived bioactive glass nanoparticles (BGNs) are fascinating materials for bone regeneration. In the literature, it can be found that their specific surface area and their calcium content (Ca/Si ratio) are the two key parameters impacting stronglythe particles' bioactivity. Nevertheless, in most studies, in vitro bioactivity tests are performed on a series of materials where both the composition and the specific surface area are varied. It is thus difficult to unravel the effect of each parameter independently. In this study, spherical and monodispersed BGNs with different Ca/Si ratios and a similar specific surface area have been synthesized by a modified Stöber method in order to specify the impact of the calcium content only. The mineralization studies performed in simulated body fluid showed that the bioactivity increases with the amount of calcium incorporated in the glass matrix. However, this effect is not significant in the composition interval studied (7-15% mol of CaO). Such a result proves that the effective Ca/Si ratio is not the major parameter that affects the bioactivity of sol-gel binary BGs.In vitro biocompatibility assessment during 3 and 7 days using human mesenchymal stem cells in contact with the sample showing the fastest mineralization proved its noncytotoxicity. Hence, biomedical applications can be intended for this sample.