Matched Pairs Test Research Articles

Knowledge and attitudes of elementary students about reproductive health (preliminary study on elementary school in Brebes district, Central Java, Indonesia)

Background: Knowledge of elementary students about reproductive health in Indonesia still lack. There are so many students who did not know how to maintain good reproductive health. Efforts to give lessons reproductive health or sex education to elementary school age children today is still considering taboo, but this problem should be anticipated as soon as possible. To decrease maternal mortality rate and unmet-need needs innovation to educate students. Education about reproductive health is one of strategic ways to increase elementary students’ knowledge and attitudes about reproductive health. This study conducted to evaluate effect of reproductive health education and provision of media on elementary students in Brebes.Methods: This study utilized quasi experimental pre and post-test one group design. Population of these study 70 elementary students (3 Government ES) in Brebes.Results: Based on the results of different test with Wilcoxon Match paired Test obtained were significant differences between the respondents' knowledge and attitudes before and after reproductive health education and provision of media (p=0.001).Conclusions: That means there were significant interventions in the form of education and provision of media to increase knowledge and attitudes of respondent about reproductive health. The results demonstrate that interventions can significantly improve knowledge and attitudes of respondents (p<0.005; Delta: 19.82). Recommendation to improve risk of maternal mortality rate is a reproductive health education with early intervention in young elementary school age children as one of strategic actions to improving knowledge and minimize incidence of teenage pregnancy.

THE EFFECT OF FAMILY PSYCHOEDUCATION THERAPY FOR THE FAMILY ABILITY IN TAKING CARE PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA

Introduction. Schizophrenia is the major cause of dissability in the most productive ages. It affects economic and social family condition so that the family ability needs increasing in taking care of patients with schizophrenia at home to decrease family’s burden. The family ability to take care of family member can be trained by family psychoeducation therapy. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of family psychoeducation therapy for the family ability in taking care patients with schizophrenia. Method. The research design used quasy experiment method with pre post test without control group design by using family psychoeducation therapy intervention. The research was conducted in Aceh government mental hospital with 18 samples. Intervention was implemented through five sessions of family psychoeducation to indentify the difference the family ability in taking care of patients with schizofrenia before and after the intervention. Result. The result of statistics test which used Wilcoxon’s matched pairs test showed there is no differences significant ability between pre and post intervention (p>0,05) although there is increase the number of respondents which have better psychomotor and cognitive ability after the intervention. Discussion. Assessment psychomotor ability would be better if it is supported by the observation process psychomotor training in directly care by providing the knowledge and practice of structured and consistent with family psychoeducation module. Keywords: schizophrenia, psychomotor, cognitive, psychoeducation

Over-scanning in chest CT: Comparison of practice among six hospitals and its impact on radiation dose

ObjectivesCompare incidence of over-scanning in chest CT among six hospitals and impact on effective and organ effective radiation dose. MethodsScout images of 600 chest CTs from six hospitals (A–F) were retrospectively reviewed using a radiation dose tracking software (RTS). Optimal scan range was determined and compared to the actual scan range. Incidence of cranial and caudal over-scanning was assessed and changes in total and organ effective dose were calculated. Descriptive statistics, Tukey- and Wilcoxon matched pairs test were applied. ResultsSimultaneous cranial and caudal over-scanning occurred in 29 of 600 scans (A = 0%, B = 1%, C = 12%, D = 3%, E = 11%, F = 2%). Effective radiation dose increased on average by 0.29 mSv (P < 0.001). Cranial over-scanning was observed in 45 of 600 scans (A = 0%, B = 8%, C = 2%, D = 15%, E = 17%, F = 3%) and increased organ effective dose by 0.35 mSv in the thyroid gland (P < 0.001). Caudal over-scanning occurred in 147 of 600 scans (A = 7%, B = 9%, C = 35%, D = 4%, E = 32%, F = 60%) and increased organ effective doses in the upper abdomen by up to 14% (P < 0.001 for all organs). ConclusionsSubstantial differences in the incidence of over-scanning in chest CT exist among different hospitals. These differences result in excessive effective radiation dose and increased individual organ effective doses in patients.

Altered levels of exhaled nitric oxide in rheumatoid arthritis

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by bone and joint destruction, but other organ systems can also be involved. Recent studies have suggested that the disease may start in the lungs. Exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is a marker of inflammation. The aims of the study were to compare the NO parameters between subjects with RA and healthy control subjects, and to examine whether the NO parameters correlated with lung function and disease activity in the subjects with RA. MethodsSubjects with RA (n = 35) were recruited during their regular outpatient visits to the rheumatology department. The nitric oxide (NO) parameters: alveolar NO concentration (CANO), airway compartment diffusing capacity of NO (DawNO), and tissue concentration of NO in the airway wall (CawNO), were algorithmically estimated. Healthy subjects (n = 35) matched by age, gender and height were used as controls. Data are given in median, (quartile 25, 75). Wilcoxon Matched Pairs test was used for group comparisons. Mann-Whitney U test was used to make comparisons between any two groups and for pairwise comparisons. Correlations were tested with Spearman rank order correlation. ResultsCANO was significantly lower in the RA subjects compared with healthy subjects; 1.1 (0.5, 1.8) ppb versus 2.4 (2.0, 3.0) ppb, (p < 0.001). CawNO was significantly lower in the RA subjects with 51 (22, 87) ppb versus 120 (76, 162) ppb in the control group. DawNO was significantly higher at 25 (15, 36) mL/s in the RA group versus the control group's 7.7 (5.3, 10.7) mL/s. ConclusionsThere are significant differences between subjects with RA and matched healthy control subjects regarding the exhaled NO parameters. It is unclear if this can be explained by the pathogenesis of RA, consequences of long-term disease, and/or due to drug treatment.

Repeatability and correlations of dynamic contrast enhanced and T2* MRI in patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

BackgroundIn current oncological practice of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), there is a great demand for response predictors and markers for early treatment evaluation. In this study, we investigated the repeatability and the interaction of dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) and T2* MRI in patients with advanced PDAC to enable for such evaluation using these techniques. Materials & methods15 PDAC patients underwent two DCE, T2* and anatomical 3 T MRI sessions before start of treatment. Parametric maps were calculated for the transfer constant (Ktrans), rate constant (kep), extracellular extravascular space (ve) and perfusion fraction (vp). Quantitative R2* (1/T2*) maps were obtained from the multi-echo T2* images. Differences between normal and cancerous pancreas were determined using a Wilcoxon matched pairs test. Repeatability was obtained using Bland-Altman analysis and relations between DCE and T2*/R2* were observed by Spearman correlation and voxel-wise binned plots of tumor voxels. ResultsPDAC Ktrans (p = 0.007), kep (p < 0.001), vp (p = 0.035) were lower and ve (p < 0.001) was higher compared to normal pancreas. The coefficient of variation between sessions was 21.8% for Ktrans, 9.9% for kep, 19.3% for ve, 18.2% for vp and 18.7% for R2*. Variation between patients ranged from 20.2% for kep to 43.6% for Ktrans. In the tumor both Ktrans (r = 0.56, p = 0.030) and ve (r = 0.54, p = 0.037) showed a positive correlation with T2*. Voxel wise analysis showed a steep increase in R2* for tumor voxels with lower Ktrans and ve. ConclusionWe showed good repeatability of DCE and T2* related MRI parameters in advanced PDAC patients. Furthermore, we have illustrated the relation of DCE Ktrans and ve with tissue T2* and R2* indicating substantial value of these parameters for detecting tumor hypoxia in future studies. The results from our study pave the way for further response evaluation studies and patient selection based on DCE and T2* parameters.

Correlation of ADC With Pathological Treatment Response for Radiation Therapy of Pancreatic Cancer

PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility of using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) to assesspathological treatment response in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) following neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCR). MATERIALS/METHODS: MRI and pathological data collected for 25patients with resectable and borderline resectable PDAC following nCR were retrospectively analyzed. Pre- and post-nCR mean ADC values in the tumors were compared using Wilcoxon matched pairs test. Correlation of pathological treatment response and ADC values was assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient test and receiver-operating-curve (ROC) analysis. RESULTS: The average mean and standard deviation (SD) of the ADC values for all the patients analyzed were significantly higher in post-nCR (1.667±0.161×10-3) compared with those prior to nCR (1.395±0.136×10-3 mm2/sec), (P<0.05). The mean ADC values after nCR were significantly correlated with the pathological responses (r=-0.5172); P=0.02. The area under the curve (AUC) of the ADC values for differentiating G1, G2 and G3 pathological responses, using ROC analysis, was found to be 0.6310 and P=0.03. CONCLUSION: Changes of pre- and post-treatment ADC values significantly correlated with pathological treatment response for PDAC patients treated with chemoradiation therapy, indicating that the ADC could be used to assesstreatment response for PDAC.

A novel ranking distance measure combining Cayley and Spearman footrule metrics

AbstractDefining the appropriate ranking distance measures among rankings is a classic area of study. The goal of our work is to identify a combination of methodologies, which is proven to be capable for the determination of a proper ranking system. In our study, we used 3 well‐established metrics: Kendall tau, Spearman footrule, and Cayley distance and a novel metric created by the combination of Cayley and Spearman footrule metrics. The results of the newly introduced metric depend on how fast we can trade a permutation of items to the reference permutation according to the Spearman footrule. On the other hand, the distance also depends on the number of cycles and the inversions in the cycle. Two case studies—chemometric data of phytonutrients of tomato varieties and sensometric data of orange juices—were used to test the performance of the studied ranking distance metrics. The properties of the new metric were compared to the traditional metrics regarding the normality of their distributions, significant number of differences between the rating objects, and the quality of the rankings. Results were validated by leave‐one‐out cross‐validation and significant differences by Wilcoxon matched pairs test.

An open-label proof-of-concept study of intrathecal autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in intellectual disability

BackgroundThe underlying pathophysiology in intellectual disability (ID) involves abnormalities in dendritic branching and connectivity of the neuronal network. This limits the ability of the brain to process information. Conceptually, cellular therapy through its neurorestorative and neuroregenerative properties can counteract these pathogenetic mechanisms and improve neuronal connectivity. This improved networking should exhibit as clinical efficacy in patients with ID.MethodsTo assess the safety and efficacy of cellular therapy in patients with ID, we conducted an open-label proof-of-concept study from October 2011 to December 2015. Patients were divided into two groups: intervention group (n = 29) and rehabilitation group (n = 29). The intervention group underwent cellular transplantation consisting of intrathecal administration of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells and standard neurorehabilitation. The rehabilitation group underwent only standard neurorehabilitation.The results of the symptomatic outcomes were compared between the two groups. In the intervention group analysis, the outcome measures used were the intelligence quotient (IQ) and the Wee Functional Independence Measure (Wee-FIM). To compare the pre-intervention and post-intervention results, statistical analysis was done using Wilcoxon’s matched-pairs test for Wee-FIM scores and McNemar’s test for symptomatic improvements and IQ. The effect of age and severity of the disorder were assessed for their impact on the outcome of intervention. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) brain scan was used as a monitoring tool to study effects of the intervention. Adverse events were monitored for the safety of cellular therapy.ResultsOn symptomatic analysis, greater improvements were seen in the intervention group as compared to the rehabilitation group. In the intervention group, the symptomatic improvements, IQ and Wee-FIM were statistically significant. A significantly better outcome of the intervention was found in the paediatric age group (<18 years) and patients with milder severity of ID. Repeat PET-CT scan in three patients of the intervention group showed improved metabolism in the frontal, parietal cortex, thalamus, mesial temporal structures and cerebellum. No major adverse events were witnessed.ConclusionsCellular transplantation with neurorehabilitation is safe and effective for the treatment of underlying brain deficits in ID.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02245724. Registered 12 September 2014.

Teeth re-whitening effect of strawberry juice on coffee stained teeth

Many people favor coffee. However, regarding health and aesthetic dentistry, coffee gives a negative effect. Tanin in coffee causes a brown stain on the tooth surface. Therefore, in aesthetic dental care, teeth whitening has become popular matter. One of the natural ingredients used for teeth whitening treatment is strawberry. The purpose of this study was to obtained data regarding the effect of strawberry juice on the re-whitening process of the coffee-stained tooth enamel surface. This study was a pure experimental in-vitro using Friedman and Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Tests for statistical analysis. The population of this study was anterior teeth. The samples were maxillary central incisors. The sampling technique using sample size determination based on the testing formulas of the difference of two average data pairs resulted in 11 specimens. The result of the research showed that all coffee-stained teeth sample had an increasing enamel colour index. The samples were then applied with strawberry juice resulted in a significant average difference colour index value indicated by p&lt;0.001. The conclusion of this research indicated that there was an effect of strawberry juice on the coffee-stained teeth re-whitening process.

Reduction of Tat-interacting Protein 30 Expression Could be a Prognostic Marker in Bladder Urothelial Cancer.

Background:Tat-interacting protein 30 (TIP30) has been reported to be a tumor suppressor, with reduced or absent expression in various tumors. However, its role in bladder urothelial cancer (BUC) has not been investigated. Therefore, herein, we investigated the expression of TIP30 protein in BUC and normal bladder mucosa and the clinical significance of TIP30 expression in the prognosis of BUC.Methods:We reviewed data from 79 cases of BUC and 15 adjacent tissue samples from 79 patients treated at our institution between 2004 and 2007. TIP30 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between TIP30 expression and tumor stage, histological grade, and survival was analyzed. Differences between groups were evaluated using the t-test or matched-pairs test, and differences in the survival rates were analyzed with the log-rank test.Results:TIP30 protein expression was significantly reduced in BUC tissue (t = −6.91, P < 0.05) compared with normal tissue samples, and in invasive bladder cancer (t = 10.89, P < 0.05) compared with superficial bladder cancer. TIP30 protein expression differed significantly among different differentiated groups classified either according to the World Health Organization (2004, F = 17.48, P < 0.01) or World Health Organization (1973, F = 10.68, P < 0.01). TIP30 protein expression was significantly reduced in high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma compared with papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (P < 0.05) and low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, TIP30 protein expression was significantly reduced in Grade III BUC, compared with Grade I (P < 0.05) and Grade II (P < 0.05). Patients with low TIP30 expression showed a higher incidence of disease progression than those with high TIP30 expression (t = 2.63, P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a strong positive relationship between TIP30 expression and overall survival (OS) (χ2 = 17.29, P < 0.05).Conclusions:TIP30 expression was associated with clinical tumor stage in BUC, suggesting that it might play an important role in disease progression. Furthermore, TIP30 might predict postoperative OS. Thus, its evaluation might be useful for predicting prognosis.

Effect of a Single Session of Acute Aerobic Exercise on the Activities of High Density Lipoprotein Enzymes

High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) is considered to be an anti-atherogenic molecule and its beneficial function is driven by a number of enzymes such as LCAT (Lecithin Cholesterol Acyl Transferase), PON1 (Paraoxonase 1), PAF-AH (Platelet-Activating Factor Acetyl Hydrolase) and CETP (Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein). Low HDL-C level is the most prevalent dyslipidemia seen in India and exercise is one reliable way to improve its levels. While acute exercise is known to increase HDL-C levels, not much is known about its effects on HDL functions. This study was aimed at assessing the effect of a single bout of acute aerobic exercise on key HDL functions. Ten healthy adult male volunteers (20-35 years) were made to exercise at 65-80% VO2 max to expend 200 Kcal using a modified Bruce protocol. Plasma samples were collected at different time points (before exercise, 15 min, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours post-exercise) for analysis of HDL anti-inflammatory function and its related enzyme activities. Friedman ANOVA followed by post-hoc Wilcoxon matched pair test, showed that PON1 activity increased immediately but reached significance 48 hours post-exercise (Z = -2.666, p = 0.008). CETP and LCAT activities were decreased significantly at the 4th hour post-exercise and continued to be low even up to 48 hours (Z = -2.666, p = 0.008), whereas HDL-C levels, MPO activity and HDL-II did not vary significantly at different time points. Enhanced activity of the antioxidant enzyme PON1, in combination with decreased activities of pro-atherogenic enzymes CETP and LCAT suggest that even a single bout of acute exercise could be effective in eliciting athero-protective changes in HDL function independent of HDL-C levels.

Indications for and results of axillary arterio-venous fistula in patients with a functionally single ventricle after cavopulmonary anastomosis†.

This study aimed to investigate the indications for and the results of axillary arterio-venous fistula in patients with a functionally single ventricle at mid-term follow-up after bidirectional cavopulmonary connection. From 2012 to 2017, 20 patients aged 21.1 ± 8.7 years (median 20.5) underwent axillary arterio-venous fistula after bidirectional cavopulmonary connection in our institution. The interval between bidirectional cavopulmonary connection and axillary arterio-venous fistula was 13.9 ± 7.2 years. The clinical and haemodynamic parameters of the patients were assessed before and after surgery. There was no in-hospital mortality. Paraesthesia of the arm persisted for 1-7 days. The mean arterial oxygen saturation increased from 72.4 ± 7.1% pre-surgery to 81.6 ± 5.5% (P < 0.001) after surgery, and was 83.8 ± 6.5% at discharge (P = 0.002 Wilcoxon matched pairs test). The haemoglobin, haematocrit, McGoon index and ejection fraction values did not change significantly. The speed and minute volume of the blood flow in the superior vena cava increased from from 21.1 ± 8.3 cm/s to 28.8 ± 14.9 cm/s (P < 0.001) and from 10.6 ± 3.7 ml/s to 12.5 ± 2.9 ml/s (P < 0.001), respectively. At the mid-term follow-up (1-5 years), 2 patients died from concomitant pathology. Stable improvement in the state and tolerance of physical activity was noted: before surgery, 17 patients were classified as New York Heart Association functional capacity (FC) III and 3 patients as FC IV; after surgery, 9 patients were FC II and 3 patients were FC III. One patient underwent a Fontan operation within 3 years. Axillary arterio-venous fistula can be used as the stage of surgical treatment and a bridge to Fontan and/or heart transplantation for this category of patients.

Employment Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities: Evidence from Matched Pair Testing

Employment Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities: Evidence from Matched Pair Testing

The Effect of Avastin on Posterior Capsular Opacification after Phacoemulsification: A Randomized Controlled Trial Mitsugu

Background: Cataracts are a leading cause of visual impairment in people. Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is the predominant procedure performed for restoration of vision. Highly effective immediate restoration of vision gradually declines due to the development of posterior capsule opacification (PCO). The aim of this study is to compare the success rate of bevacizumab vs. placebo for prevention of PCO following phacoemulsification Materials and Methods: In this double blind randomized clinical trial, thirty patients (60 eyes) underwent cataract extraction by phacoemulsification. 30 eye’s received Avastin in the form of injection between the IOL and posterior capsule (Study group) while 30 eyes were injected BSS (Control group) in the same manner after phacoemulsification. Complete ophthalmic examination including tonometry (IOP, intraocular pressure), visual acuity (VA) and posterior capsule evaluation was done in follow up periodic and PCO densitometry with Pentacam was done in the last follow up (1year). The comparisons were done with Wilcoxon matched pairs test, chi square test and independent samples t-test. Statistical significance was considered at P<0.05. Results: We identified 113 trials, consisting of 39 positive and 74 negative trials (overall success rate: 35%). Most of the primary endpoints (77%) were progression-related or recurrence-related. The success rates of trials assessing progression-related and recurrence-related endpoints were 39% and 17%, respectively. Progression-related and recurrence-related endpoints in the control arm showed significant improvement, compared with pre-trial estimates, which were associated with negative results. Conclusions: Bevacizumab (Avastin) is not more effective than placebo for prevention of PCO following phacoemulsification. However, more studies with greater patient number are suggested.

Cancer antigen 125 concentrations in patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis: Relationship with dialysis quality and membrane transport properties

The aim of this study was to evaluate longitudinal changes in drained dialysate cancer antigen 125 (dCA-125) levels and to assess relationships between dCA-125 and dialysis quality, peritoneal membrane transport rates, dialysate glucose load, peritonitis and use of erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA), angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and statins in patients with end-stage renal failure during the first 6 months of peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment. This prospective study included 20 patients (11 males and 9 females; mean age 62.90?12.69 years) who were followed-up during the first 6 months of PD using conventional low pH glucose-based dialysis fluids. The concentration of dCA-125 was measured in all patients, and the peritoneal equilibration test (PET), peritoneal dialysis treatment adequacy (Kt/V), normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR), and total, peritoneal and residual clearances of urea and creatinine were calculated. Information on peritonitis occurrence, the use of ESA, ACEi and statins were collected. Data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon matched pairs test and Spearman?s rank correlation. The concentration of dCA-125 significantly decreased during the follow-up (p=0.016). After 6 months of PD treatment, the concentration of dCA-125 decreased significantly (p=0.016) in all patients. The decrease was present in all patients, but was statistically significant in patients on ACEi therapy (p=0.006) and in patients not using statins (p=0.005) or ESA (p=0.012). No correlation was found between dCA-125 and glucose load, but a statistically significant negative correlation between dCA-125 and the PET for creatinine was observed (p=0.013). These findings challenge the role of dCA-125 in predicting mesothelial cell integrity in PD patients.

Treatment with Src inhibitor Dasatinib results in elevated metastatic potential in the 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma model.

The src inhibitor Dasatinib has been widely studied as an anti-metastatic agent. The aims of this study were to examine the effect of Src inhibition on the metastatic potential of the 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma. Src is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase well-known to contribute to the metastatic potential of tumour cells. It does so through alteration of signalling pathways important to metastasis. Elevated levels of Src are common in many cancer types, and have been correlated with tumour progression and poor patient prognosis. This study examined whether disruption of the Src signalling pathway could inhibit metastases formation. The Src inhibitor Dasatinib was evaluated in vitro and in vivo using the highly metastatic 4T1 murine mammary adenocarcinoma cell line. In vitro assays included growth curve, western blot, migration, and invasion assays. In vivo assays included intradermal and tail vein injection models. In vitro data were analysed using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's multiple comparisons in GraphPad Prism 6.0. In vivo data were analysed using GraphPad Prism 6.0, using the Wilcoxon matched pairs test. Dasatinib is effective at inhibiting in vitro phosphorylation of Src, migration and invasion in the 4T1 cell line, as well as angiogenesis in vivo. In vitro treatment with Dasatinib impaired the metastatic ability of tumour cells as assessed by a tail vein injection model. However, both the syngeneic BALB/c and the athymic nu/nu mice receiving oral doses of the drug developed significantly higher numbers of 4T1 lung metastases. This effect was not seen in a different breast carcinoma cell line, the MDA-MB-231-4175-LM2, nor was this effect seen in the murine fibrosarcoma KHT cell line. The 4T1 cell line is not an appropriate model to study Src inhibition.

To evaluate the effect of probiotics on the prevalence of oral Candida organisms in denture wearers: An in vivo study

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Candida species are the major human fungal pathogens that cause both mucosal and deep-tissue infections. Fungal infections have been successfully treated by systemic antifungal agents for a very long time. The toxicity of available antifungals and resistance to these drugs are a concern; thus, the use of probiotics has emerged as an alternative therapeutic technique for treating Candida infections. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of probiotics on the prevalence of oral Candida organisms in denture wearers with different age groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty completely edentulous denture wearers were divided into three groups: 50–59 years (Group A), 60–69 years (Group B), and 70 years and above (Group C). The sample collected from the denture surface and palatal mucosa pre- and postprobiotic usage were subjected to CHROMagar followed by Germ tube test and then Corn meal agar for identification and counting the number of Candida colonies. The attributed scores were tabulated and submitted for statistical analysis using Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA test, Mann–Whitney U-test, Wilcoxon matched pairs test, and paired t-test. RESULTS: Reduction in the number of Candida colonies was statistically significant in Group A and Group B on the denture surface as compared to that of Group C. However, there was no significant difference observed in all the three groups in the number of Candida colonies on the palatal mucosa. CONCLUSION: The study shows that multispecies probiotic product may represent as an alternative treatment for reduction of Candida infections in the oral cavity of elderly denture wearers.

Distribution of Dendritic Cells and Langerhans Cells in Peri-implant Mucosa.

Background:Peri-implant diseases leading to the failure of dental implants is concern in the field of dentistry. Difference in immune response around peri-implant tissues with healthy tissue might be responsible for the hidden cause of peri-implant diseases. Hence, in the current study, the dispersion of the dendritic cell (DC) subpopulations and Langerhans cells (LCs) was evaluated in healthy peri-implant mucosa (HPIM) and healthy mucosa (HM) to know the imbalance in immune homeostasis.Subjects and Methods:A total of 15 nonsmoker participants were selected for the study. First sample of the HM was obtained before the implant placement (Group I) and second sample of peri-implant mucosa was obtained at the time of placement of the gingival former (Group II). Immunochemistry was used to quantify DCs and LCs in the samples.Statistical Analysis Used:To analyze the distribution of cells in the epithelium and lamina propria, Wilcoxon matched pairs test was used.Results:Mean numbers of CD1a (LCs) in the epithelium and lamina propria of Group I and Group II were 25.2 ± 6.41 and 27.47 ± 10.26 and 19.27 ± 7.27 and 12.46 ± 3.04, respectively. Mean numbers of factor XIIIa (DCs) in the epithelium and lamina propria in Group I and Group II were 30.37 ± 5.42 and 86.93 ± 13.99 and 50.47 ± 7.27 and 124.33 ± 10.27, respectively. Statistically significant differences in the number of cells in the epithelium and lamina propria of Group I and Group II were noted (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001).Conclusions:CD1a-positive LCs were more in the epithelium rather than lamina propria in Group II. Higher numbers of factor XIIIa-positive DCs were observed in the lamina propria than epithelium in Group I and II.

Magnetic resonance arthrography of the shoulder: a painful procedure?

ObjectiveTo compare the pain expected to that effectively caused by magnetic resonance arthrography of the shoulder and, secondarily, to describe a simplified approach to the technique for articular access.Materials and MethodsWe prospectively evaluated 40 participants who used a visual analog scale and a simplified categorical scale to indicate the level of pain expected and that experienced after the procedure, comparing the two with the Wilcoxon matched-pairs test. We also determined gender-related differences in pain conditions using the Mann-Whitney U test. In addition, we described a modified technique involving radiographic localization and the use of standard puncture needles for articular access.ResultsAnalysis of the visual analog scales showed that the pain experienced was less than had been expected, with median scores of 1.75 and 3.75, respectively (p < 0.001). The level of pain expected was higher among women than among men, with median scores of 8.0 and 3.0, respectively (p = 0.014), as was the level of pain experienced, with median scores of 3.0 and 1.5, respectively (p = 0.139). The overall categorical evaluation corroborated that difference (p = 0.03). Articular access with the modified technique was successful in all patients.ConclusionMagnetic resonance arthrography of the shoulder is less painful than patients expect. In addition, digital radiographic guidance combined with the use of standard puncture needles appears to improve the efficiency of the method.

Perbedaan Intensitas Nyeri Tehnik Pemberian Kompres Air Hangat Dan Aroma Terapi Mawar Pada Ibu Bersalin Kala I Fase Aktif

Childbirth pain is common. The onset of pain is due to uterine contractions, the pain felt stronger in the active phase. Management of Childbirth pain with non-pharmacological methods is very helpful for maternal mothers to reduce pain, one of them with the provision of warm water compresses and rose aromatherapy. This study aims to analyze the differences in pain intensity by giving warm water compresses on the lower back and aroma therapy of roses in the maternal mothers when I active phase in BPM Patmi Hartati Kediri Regency. The research design used was Comparative Study 2 paired samples with Pre-test and Post-test. Sampling was conducted from July 28 to August 18, 2017 with a population 27 mothers and simple random sampling technique with a sample of 26 mothers in BPM Patmi Hartatati. There are two groups that will be compared using with pre-test before treatment is given, after that post-test after treatment is given. This research using data analysis Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Test and Mann Whitney U-Test. The Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Test statistic shows that the compresses warm water group with value Tcount (13) and aromatherapy groups rose in value Tcount (9) Which means there is a difference in pain intensity before and after treatment. Based on statistical test results Mann Whitney U-Test values obtained Ucount (77) then it can be said H0 accepted and H1 rejected which is mean there is no difference in the intensity of pain with the provision of warm water compresses on the lower back and aroma therapy rose in maternal mothers when I Active Phase at BPM Patmi Hartati Kediri Regency. Keywords: childbirth pain, warm water compress, rose aromatherapy.