Mata Mineira Research Articles

Green manuring with sunn hemp and the production of the sugarcane variety RB867515, in the cane-plant cycle

Several managerial and agricultural techniques have been proposed for the implantation and management of sugarcane fields, aiming at high productivity in the cane-plant cycle and small decreases in regrowth. Green manuring with sunn hemp is one of these techniques. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate in a small rural property, in the edaphoclimatic environment of Mercês, Zona da Mata Mineira, the accumulation of dry matter and nutrient cycling by sunn hemp and by plants in the fallow area, on the nutritional status, the production of forage and industrializable stems using the RB867515 variety. In September, limestone and gypsum were applied based on the results of soil samples in the 0 to 20 cm and 20 to 40 cm layers. Then the soil was plowed and harrowed. At the beginning of October, shortly after the first rains, the study was installed, consisting of an area with sunn hemp sowing and another fallow area. At the beginning of February of the year following sowing, the accumulation of dry matter and nutrients in the aerial part of sunn hemp and in the plants in the fallow area was evaluated. Subsequently, sunn hemp and vegetation from the fallow area were incorporated into the soil, followed by planting RB867515. In January of the year following planting, the nutritional status of the sugarcane was evaluated in the area previously cultivated with fertilizer and in the fallow area, systematically sampling at seven points in the crop. In July, when the sugarcane was mature, the production of forage and industrializable stems was evaluated, sampling in the same places used for the evaluation of the nutritional status. The results obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared by the t test at 5% probability. Crotalaria juncea cultivation resulted in greater nutrient cycling than the vegetation in the fallow area, especially for nitrogen. No difference was observed in the nutritional status of RB867515, comparing the plants from the area previously cultivated with Sunn hemp and those from the fallow area, both of which were well nourished. Green manuring with Sunn hemp increased forage production and the production of industrializable stems. In the area formerly with crotalaria juncea, the plant's aerial biomass production was 20.30 t of natural matter more than in the fallow area. For the production of industrialable stalks, green manuring increased production by 16.7 t per hectare.

Growth rates and nutrient accumulation in aerial biomass of sunn hemp juncea and spectabilis sown in spring

Crotalaria juncea and spectabilis have been widely used in green manuring, mainly due to the fact that they incorporate large amounts of N into the soil, through biological fixation of atmospheric N2, and also because they have a vigorous and branched root system, characteristics that help to recycle nutrients from the deeper layers of the soil. The present work was carried out in the municipality of Mercês, in the Mata Mineira area. Growth rates and nutrient accumulation were evaluated in the aerial part of sunn hemp and sunn hemp, grown in soil with good nutrient availability. The soil in the chosen area had good fertility, with no exchangeable aluminum in the 0 to 20 cm layer. Soon after the first spring rains, the soil was subsoiled, plowed, and harrowed, and the study was then installed, conducted in an experimental design in randomized blocks with five replications. The plots consisted of six furrows of five meters in length with 0.50 meters of spacing. Sowing was carried out in the first week of October. Evaluations of dry matter accumulation and plant height were carried out in the four central furrows of the plots, at 30; 45; 60; 75; 90 and 105 days after emergence (D.A.E.), with a sample area of 1.0 m of furrow (0.5 m2). In the biomass collected at 105 D.A.E, phenological stage of grain filling, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur were determined, with the objective of quantifying the accumulation of these elements in the aerial part of sunn hemp. The results obtained in this edaphoclimatic environment led to the conclusion that sunn hemp juncea had faster vegetative development than sunn hemp spectabilis, therefore, a plant with greater soil protection potential against the impact of raindrops than sunn hemp spectabilis. Although they have very different growth rates, both for sunn hemp and sunn hemp, the highest rates of growth and dry matter accumulation in the shoots occurred in the periods from 45 to 60 D.A.E., with mean values, respectively, of 406, 7 and 140.0 kg per hectare per day. The accumulation of dry matter in the aerial part, as a function of the age of the plants, can be described by the quadratic equation, y = 0.0024 x2 + 0.5267x -11.8086 (R2= 0.9888), for sunn hemp, and y = 0.0008 x2 + 0.2003x -4.4657 (R2= 0.9928), for sunn hemp spectabilis. For the adopted production system, and in this climatic environment, sunn hemp was a better recycled/fixing plant than sunn hemp spectabilis, thus, green manuring with sunn hemp was more advantageous than with sunn hemp spectabilis.

Removal of nutrients and bromatological quality of corn in high productivity crops

Corn has been the most used plant for the production of silage of high bromatological value, aiming at feeding dairy cows of medium to high productivity. Several techniques have been proposed to increase the productivity of crops and the bromatological quality of silages, including new agricultural practices in the implantation and management of crops and also new procedures during cutting and ensiling. In the present work, soil fertility, nutritional status, dry matter production, nutrient removal and chemical quality of maize destined for silage were evaluated in four high productivity crops. The evaluations were carried out in rural properties in the Zona da Mata Mineira, which intensively use the production of corn silage to feed dairy cows. Samplings for the evaluation of soil fertility, nutritional status and production and accumulation of nutrients were carried out systematically. In the female inflorescence emission phase, the leaf blade was analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn contents, systematically sampling seven areas of 3, 5 m2 each. When the aerial biomass of the plants presented an average of 33% of dry matter, the forage production of the crop was evaluated, sampling again, in the same areas used to evaluate the soil fertility and the nutritional status of the plants. The corn was cut at about 20 cm above the ground and the plant material was weighed and passed through a forage chopper. Subsamples of this material were analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S contents. Soil fertility in the crops of the small rural properties assessed was medium to high, with phosphorus contents ranging from 10 to 20 mg dm- 3, while for potassium this variation ranged from 40 to 89 mg dm-3. In the soils of the four analyzed crops, there was no exchangeable aluminum in the 0 to 20 cm layer, and in the 20 to 40 cm layer, aluminum saturation in crops 1 and 3 was also small, less than 5%. It was found that all crops had adequate mineral nutrition for both macros and micronutrients. The production of dry matter and nutrient accumulation in the aerial biomass of maize in the crops were high. The average value of dry matter accumulation was close to 20.0 t per hectare, and the average removal of nutrients, by harvesting the aerial part of the corn for silage, was 247, 34, 245, 34, 23 and 22 kg per hectare for N, P, K, Ca, Mg and sulfur, respectively. The average values of crude protein, NDF, ADF, lignin and starch were, respectively, in g kg-1, 78; 460; 258; 40 and 277, characterizing forage of good bromatological quality.

Viver na cidade e produzir no campo: o crescimento de um novo tipo de agricultor e de agricultura no Brasil

ABSTRACT: Living in rural neighborhoods has always been a characteristic of small and medium-sized Brazilian farmers. However, when observing the agricultural censuses of 2006 and 2017, carried out in Brazil, there is a tendency to separate the place of work and residence of farmers. This articleanalyzed the double residence and the phenomenon of pendular displacement of farmers in the municipalities of Zona da Mata Mineira (ZMM), an important coffee region in Minas in Brazil, and to discuss its possible causes and impacts in the region. The research used data from the 2006 and 2017 Agricultural Censuses of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate linear regression models in order to better understand the factors that correlate with the percentage of owners living in cities in the municipalities of region. The results showed that, in the case of the ZMM, the growth of urban residence of farmers more expressive than the other regions of the country is mainly due to the predominance of small coffee producers. Furthermore, living in the city does not mean abandoning agricultural establishments, since living in the city does not prevent daily work in the countryside. It was concluded that the urban residence of the farmers constituted a reproductive strategy that made it possible for them to carry out other activities as well as the receipt of retirement and pensions that complement the agricultural income and, consequently, the maintenance of the agricultural establishment.

Intoxication symptoms and health conditions of family farmers associated with the use of pesticides: a study conducted in Zona da Mata Mineira, Brazil

This study aimed to evaluate the association between the use of pesticides, symptoms of intoxication and health conditions of family farmers in the Mata Mineira area, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study with 48 family farmers from a municipality in the Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to obtain demographic, socioeconomic information and characterization of the use of pesticides. Blood samples were collected from farmers for biochemical tests and evaluation of markers of exposure to pesticides. It was found that 75% of farmers used pesticides in food production, most of these products being extremely toxic. These farmers showed changes in plasma cholinesterase, erythrocyte cholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, markers of exposure to pesticides. There was an association between spraying for more than 4 hours/day and reporting of acute symptoms of intoxication, as well as between the use of pesticides and the presence of chronic non-communicable diseases. Multivariate analysis indicated that non-compliance with the period of re-entry into crops after the use of pesticides remained as an explanatory variable for lung disease. We infer that acute symptoms, as well as chronic non-communicable diseases reported by family farmers, may be associated with the use of pesticides.

Municipal master plan for urban afforestation in a small town in Zona da Mata Mineira

OThe present work aimed to evaluate the existing afforestation in the central squares and public roads of the city of Guarará, MG. In the survey, 32 trees and 2 palm trees were identified, totaling 34 individuals, in 6 botanical families and 6 species, including unidentified ones. Individuals were evaluated: Identification of the origin of the planted species, Size, Root system about damage to sidewalks, Conflicts with pedestrians, For the species that were evaluated, the lack of planning of afforestation was analyzed, which presented trees in a bad situation with some evaluated characteristics identified. It is concluded Of the trees evaluated, 28% did not demonstrate the need for management, 9% presented the need for adequate management and have a conflict with the urban space such as the raising of the sidewalk, conflict with the passage of pedestrians. 15% are large, 7% medium, and 11% are small trees. The origin of the planted species, 1% are exotic and 99% are native species. It is suggested to the public management of the city of Guarará, that together with the professionals trained for such work, prepare an urban afforestation plan for the municipality.

Knowledge about tuberculosis in individuals deprived of liberty of a regional penitentiary in the Zona da Mata Mineira - Brazil

Objective: To evaluate knowledge related to TB and to investigate the predictive factors of the prisoners' knowledge status in a regional penitentiary in the Zona da Mata Mineira - Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and institutionally based study that was conducted with 729 individuals deprived of their liberty in a regional penitentiary. A questionnaire was applied and the detainees 'knowledge about tuberculosis was obtained from the participants' answers to questions about tuberculosis prevention, transmission and treatment. For data analysis, multiple logistic regression was used. Results: Approximately 40% of the detainees reported not having knowledge about transmission, prevention and treatment of tuberculosis and the lack of knowledge was associated with the following variables: lower education, lower income, closed regime, being the first prison, not having contact with TB outside and inside the prison, not showing symptoms of cough with secretion, weakness and chest pain and not having an HIV test. Conclusion: The lack of knowledge about tuberculosis was associated with education, income, prison terms, first prison, contact with TB outside and inside the prison, symptoms of tuberculosis and HIV testing. The recognition of these factors can contribute to the development of educational interventions aimed at controlling tuberculosis in this population.

Over a century later and 400 kilometers apart: rediscovery of Bulbophyllum barbatum (Orchidaceae) in Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Fieldwork focused on the Orchidaceae family from the Diamantina Plateau of the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil, resulted in the rediscovery of Bulbophyllum barbatum almost 140 years after its original description, in 1882. The species, known only from the original illustration by Barbosa Rodrigues, was originally described from the region known as Zona da Mata Mineira, and its rediscovery is reported from over 400 km to the northwest of that region. The new record allowed a more detailed study of its morphology, the first photographs of the species, as well as the preliminary assessment of its conservation status as Critically Endangered. Such unexpected rediscovery highlights the importance of conservation actions in the Brazilian campos rupestres given its high diversity and endemism, the deficient knowledge on the taxonomy and distribution of its species, and the increasing pressure of human activities.

PROJETOS DE FELICIDADE NO CÁRCERE: implicações para o cuidado em saúde

Research carried out with the objective of knowing the project of happiness of a population deprived of liberty and its implications for health care. For this, the qualitative study was used. Data collection took place from July 2019 to October 2020, in a prison in the interior of Zona da Mata Mineira, with 20 people deprived of liberty. An open interview was carried out with a semi-structured script, being submitted to Content Analysis. Ethical aspects were respected. The results indicate that the happiness projects of people deprived of liberty find meanings, both in specific experiences of the present through the redefinition of ways of living in prison, and in future perspectives through the construction of thoughts about life after prison. They also want to carry out social projects in schools to raise awareness of young people about living in prison, as well as accessing fundamental rights such as education and work, building and caring for the family and following a religion. Thus, the subjective production mobilized in prison, produces as a project of happiness, participating in the breaking of the perverse cycle that historically imprisons those whose rights are not accessed in life outside prison, enabling the construction of care consistent with comprehensiveness and humanization.

Evaluation of techniques for diagnosis of Trypanosoma vivax infections in naturally infected cattle in the Zona da Mata Mineira.

This study aimed to evaluate diagnostic techniques for trypanosomiasis, caused by Trypanosoma vivax, in naturally infected cattle in Minas Gerais, Zona da Mata. The deaths of six lactating cows with similar clinical conditions-characterized by hyporexia, hypogalactia, and recumbency-had been reported from one property. Initially, two animals were examined and diagnosed with trypanosomiasis through identification of the protozoan in a blood smear. After the initial diagnosis, all lactating cows (n=37) on the property were examined, and blood samples were collected for tests including whole blood smear, buffy coat smear, Woo's technique, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Woo's test, buffy coat smears, and whole blood smears indicated that 4/37 (10.81%) animals were positive for trypanosomiasis, whereas ELISA and PCR indicated that 33/37 (89.19%) and 27/37 (72.97%) animals, respectively, were positive. The agreement obtained between parasitological techniques was classified as high, while between ELISA and PCR, no agreement. In conclusion, parasitological techniques have a low capacity to identify infected animals in the chronic stage of T. vivax infection. Therefore, techniques such as PCR and/or ELISA should be used to minimize the occurrence of false negatives.

Is Dietary Iodine Intake Excessive According to the Theoretical Model of Healthy Dietary Intake Pattern in Pregnant Women and Schoolchildren: Water, Salt, or Food?

Introduction: Iodine deficiency during pregnancy can cause hypothyroidism and goiter; in schoolchildren, it can cause reduced intelligence quotient. In excess, iodine can cause thyroiditis, goiter, and Hashimoto's hypothyroidism. Currently, schoolchildren and pregnant women are classified as risk groups for excessive iodine intake and iodine deficiency, respectively. Thus, determining iodine from all sources of consumption is important for intervention planning.Objective: To construct a theoretical model for the iodine intake of schoolchildren and pregnant women of a city in the Zona da Mata Mineira region, considering a healthy diet, salt consumption and water intake.Methodology: The dietary iodine intake of pregnant women was analyzed based on a dietary iodine table compiled from an international database. A dietary plan was prepared following the Brazilian Food Guide. Iodine concentration of different salt brands sold in local establishments was checked, and drinking water samples from healthcare facilities were analyzed. A descriptive and exploratory statistical analysis was performed and the results were presented in absolute and relative frequencies, and measures of central tendency and dispersion.Results: According to the proposed diet, pregnant women and schoolchildren would have a daily intake of 71.6 μg and 71 μg, respectively. Thirteen salt brands were evaluated, 69.2% complied with the legislation and the mean iodine content was 29.88 mg. The mean concentration of iodine in water was 25 μg iodine/liter and 14 μg iodine/liter, respectively, in summer and autumn. Considering the intake of food, salt, and drinking water according to the proposed dietary plan, the daily intake for pregnant women would be 279.5 and 253.5 μg for schoolchildren.Conclusion: The daily iodine intake of schoolchildren and pregnant women according to this theoretical model was excessive, considering a healthy dietary pattern. This theoretical model can guide actions and public policies aimed at targeting all forms of iodine intake.

Perception of the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System in the Zona da Mata Mineira region of Brazil: A qualitative approach.

This work is a qualitative exploratory survey that aims to identify healthcare workers and skilled professionals' perceptions of the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System in the Zona da Mata Mineira region of Brazil. Data analysis was carried out through content analysis; testimonials were extracted from semi-structured interviews via the qualitative data processing software Interface de R pour lês Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires version 0.7 alpha 2. A total of 41 people were interviewed, including primary healthcare center coordinators, and technical consultants at the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System, as well as nutritionists and data entry clerks. The issues most mentioned during interviews were related to lack of anthropometric equipment, absence of transportation, and inadequate facilities. Regarding the work process, professionals identified scarce training and nonuse of the data collected for healthcare decision-making as factors that compromise desired system outcomes. System qualities were also recognized, especially the mapping of main nutritional issues in the region. The participants reported the need for greater efforts to raise awareness of the importance of Food and Nutrition Surveillance actions at all levels of the public healthcare system. They also highlighted the need for human resources training, higher quality data recording, and suitable facilities. Investments in the entire system are essential to strengthen the information-decision-making-action triad, which would result in the improvement of users' health indicators.

Popular education, youth and peasant agroecology in Brazil

Most young people engaged in agroecology in Zona da Mata Mineira, Brazil, participate in popular education. Popular education is a Latin-American concept that entails transformative learning, among others. Despite the large body of literature on popular education, there is little knowledge about how it supports reflection, enhances situated abilities, and affects relationships between young farmers and nature. This article looks at popular education practices in Zona da Mata in three different places: a family farming high school, a youth organization, and a workers' union school. Each place gives special attention to agroecology. Based on participatory observations, video recordings, films made by youth, interviews and analysis of educational materials this article visualizes how young people become engaged in peasant agroecology through the use of affective experiences, relationship-building, and reflection in popular education. Our findings show that the pedagogic method of alternation used at the family farming high school fosters on-farm learning experiences between young farmers and their parents. At the workers’ union school and at the youth organization intentional leisure activities promoted joy, spirituality, activism and peasant culture, with joy becoming an explicit organizing force. We conclude that, in our cases, popular education positively supports, often in unexpected ways, relations young agroecological farmers have with their parents, nature, and youth from conventional farms.

Evaluation of the performance of covered lagoon digester in terms of the solids loading

The use of anaerobic digesters to convert residual biomass for energy use and nutrient recovery has been increasingly indicated by the operational simplicity and added value of the treatment by-products. However, the levels of solids present in the influents to be treated directly influence the operation and management of the system. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the performance of covered lagoon digesters in terms of the solids loading in the swine wastewater treatment system. The study was performed in a farm located in Zona da Mata Mineira. The monitoring took place from September 2018 to August 2019. The influent flow of waste was estimated based on the analysis of monthly water consumption on the farm. The collection and sampling took place weekly, the influents and effuents were analyzed in terms of the solids loading of total solids (TS) and volatiles solids (VS). The mean total flow distributed to the two digesters was 102.3 m³.d-1, with a mean hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24.5 days. The results ranged from 1.14 to 2.83% for TS at the start of treatment. In most of the monitored months, anaerobic digesters were being fed with organic overload in terms of VS, which consequently affected the efficiency of the system, which were 33.6% for TS and 39.5% for VS.

Non-volant small mammals (Rodentia and Didelphimorphia) diversity in an isolated area of the Serra da Mantiqueira, Minas Gerais state, Brazil

The southeastern Atlantic Forest of the Zona da Mata Mineira is located in the extreme north of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The Serra da Mantiqueira, is a mountainous region with a high diversity of small non-volant mammal species, several of which are rare species or endemic lineages. The presence of cryptic species in small mammals makes the karyotype an excellent tool for identification and detection of new lineages. We analyzed the karyotype of 14 species: 11 rodents – Abrawayaomys ruschii, Akodon cursor, Blarinomys breviceps, Delomys sublineatus, Juliomys ossitenuis, Oligoryzomys nigripes, Oligoryzomys flavescens, Oxymycterus dasytrichus, Rhipidomys tribei, Sooretamys angouya, and Thaptomys nigrita; and three marsupials – Monodelphis scalops, Philander quica, and Marmosops incanus. We described for the first time the fundamental autosomal number and the morphology of sex chromosomes of Abrawayaomys ruschii, a rare sigmodontine species, and described a new karyotype for Blarinomys. The revision of published karyotypes of the species herein studied enabled the expansion of the geographic distribution of Oligoryzomys nigripes and Delomys sublineatus.

Productivity estimate using regression and artificial neural networks in small familiar areas with agrosilvopastoral systems

This study aimed to model the height of trees and volumetric production of eucalypts trees on the agrosilvopastoral systems (AGP) of Zona da Mata Mineira region, Brazil, using artificial neural network (ANN) and regression models to determine the best alternative. The data was obtained from five systems with different spatial arrangements (8 × 3 m, 10 × 3 m, 11 × 3 m, 12 × 3 m, 12 × 2 m, and 12 × 4 m), ages (5.5, 6.5 and 8 years) and genotypes, of which 122 sample trees were scaled. Hypsometric and volumetric models were adjusted considering no stratification or stratification by the AGP, spatial arrangement, and genotype. A multilayer perceptron ANN was trained using resilient propagation and skip layer training algorithms. The stratification variables used in the regression were used in the ANN as categorical variables. To estimate height of trees were used as continuous variables: diameter at breast height (dbh), dominant height (Dh), and age. To estimate volume were used as continuous variables: dbh, total height, and age. The AGPs’s mean annual increment at 5.5, 6.5 and 8 years of age ranged from 21 to 62 m3 ha−1 year−1. ANN was proven to be an efficient methodology for hypsometric and volumetric estimates of eucalypt in AGP in the study region.

Structure of public health consortiums: a study in the intermunicipal consortiums of health in the mata mineira area

One of the ways for small cities to deal rationally with the problems pointed out above has been through the municipalities associations for the implementation of public policies. Initiative is already foreseen in the legislation (law 11.107/95) and in the Federal Constitution itself of 1988 through the called intermunicipal consortia. The purpose of intermunicipal health consortia is to make municipalities perform more efficiently and effectively the services vital to their population, based on the SUS principles. The municipalities come together to solve problems inherent to their region. Based on this vision, the intermunicipal health consortia seek to reduce costs and streamline accessible resources in order to offer medical assistance available in a municipality of the region to other municipalities in need of such services. This research sought to verify how consortia are structured in terms of hierarchy, division of labor and sharing responsibilities. Interviews were carried out with the executive secretaries of the eight inter-municipal health consortia of Mata Mineira Area. For the analysis of the qualitative data was used the content analysis. For this, some subcategories were identified which are: physical structure, direction of the consortium, form of decision and apportionment. The results showed that they need improvements and adjustments so that they can successfully meet the objectives for which they were created.

Utilização do software Plickers® como ferramenta para medir a efetividade do aprendizado durante as aulas de Estatística

O Plickers® é uma ferramenta tecnológica utilizada para medir a efetividade do aprendizado dos alunos, sendo classificada como um Classroom Response. Por ser considerada útil e ágil para medir o real feedback do aprendizado, foi utilizada nas turmas nas disciplinas de Estatística I e Estatística II do curso de Administração e nas disciplinas de Estatística dos cursos de Engenharia de Produção e Ciências Contábeis de um Centro Universitário da Zona da Mata Mineira. Nas disciplinas citadas, a ferramenta foi integrada às aulas por meio da metodologia Peer Instruction (PI), na qual os alunos aprendem com seus pares. Desta forma o objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a utilização do software Plickers® como ferramenta para medir a efetividade do aprendizado durante as aulas de estatística, verificando sua real aplicabilidade e aceitação pelos alunos. Os dados coletados e analisados são de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa, se tratando de uma pesquisa de campo. A ferramenta foi bem aceita pelos alunos, que instantaneamente se mostraram mais interessados pelas aulas e pela nova tecnologia, como demonstram os resultados. O fato de cada aluno possuir um cartão resposta, de uso exclusivo, faz com que a omissão dos alunos, no momento de responder a uma questão proposta pelo professor seja inexistente; dessa forma, isso deixa de ser um problema na sala de aula, o professor tem, de forma rápida, o real diagnóstico de aprendizado de seus alunos, isso permite que medidas possam ser tomadas, quando o aprendizado possa ser considerado insatisfatório. A ferramenta permite a dinamicidade durante as aulas, permitindo que o professor tome decisões e caminhos que possam reverter situações insatisfatórias.

O PAPEL DAS FRANQUIAS NA REESTRUTURAÇÃO DAS CIDADES: a ascensão do setor em Viçosa – MG

No estágio atual do sistema capitalista no mundo, as estratégias dos agentes econômicos para sobreviverem no mercado se fazem cada vez mais notórias. Tida como uma modernização na forma de vender e comprar, o Franchising vem se destacando em todo mundo e sendo fator importante na economia dos países. As franquias são muito presentes em realidades urbanas complexas, como as metrópoles, porém, nos últimos anos, nota-se sua difusão para centros urbanos intermediários, particularmente em cidades consideradas como médias, que possuem certo grau de influência regional. A cidade de Viçosa, localizada na Zona da Mata mineira, faz parte desse conjunto de cidades que, pela centralidade que exercem, atraem capitais, pessoas e mercadorias. O crescente número de franquias na cidade em questão despertou o interesse em caracterizá-las e entendê-las do ponto de vista da sua espacialidade, bem como do potencial que apresentam para promover mudanças na estrutura urbana, já que elas são indutoras de investimentos, reestruturações e, principalmente, de centralidade.
 
 THE ROLE OF FRANCHISES IN THE RESTRUCTURING OF CITIES: the ascension of the sector in Viçosa - Minas Gerais State
 Palavras-chave: Franchising; Cidades Médias; Centralidade; Reestruturação Urbana.
 Abstract
 At the present stage of the capitalist system in the world, the strategies of the economic agents to survive in the market become more and more notorious. Considered as a modernization in the form of selling and buying, franchising has been standing out in the world and being an important factor in the economy of the countries. Franchises are very present in complex urban realities, such as metropolises, but in recent years, it has been diffused to intermediate urban centers, particularly in medium-sized cities with a certain degree of regional influence. The city of Viçosa, located in Zona da Mata mineira, is part of this group of cities that, because of the centrality they exert, attract capital, people and merchandise. The increasing number of franchises in the city in question has aroused interest in characterizing and understanding them from the point of view of their spatiality, as well as the potential they present to promote changes in the urban structure, since they are conducive to investment, restructuring And, mainly, of centrality.
 Keywords: Franchising; Medium sized cities; Centrality; Urban Restructuring.
 
 EL PAPEL DE LAS FRANQUICIAS EN LA REESTRUCTURACIÓN DE LAS CIUDAD: la ascensión del sector en Viçosa – MG
 Resumen
 En la etapa actual del sistema capitalista en el mundo, las estrategias de los agentes económicos para sobrevivir en el mercado se hacen cada vez más notorias. La Franchising se ha destacado en todo el mundo y es un factor importante en la economía de los países. Las franquicias son muy presentes en realidades urbanas complejas, como las metrópolis, sin embargo, en los últimos años, se nota su difusión a centros urbanos intermediarios, particularmente en ciudades consideradas como medias, que poseen cierto grado de influencia regional. La ciudad de Viçosa, ubicada en la Zona da Mata mineira, forma parte de ese conjunto de ciudades que, por la centralidad que ejercen, atraen capitales, personas y mercancías. El creciente número de franquicias en la ciudad en cuestión despertó el interés en caracterizarlas y entenderlas desde el punto de vista de su espacialidad, así como del potencial que presentan para promover cambios en la estructura urbana, ya que ellas son inductoras de inversiones, reestructuraciones y, principalmente, de centralidad.
 Palabras clave: Franchising; Ciudades medias; Centralidad; Reestructuración urbana.

ANÁLISE DO CULTIVO DE CAFÉ EM ESPERA FELIZ (MG) EM MEADOS DO SÉCULO XX

O presente artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa sobre o desenvolvimento da produção agrícola em Espera Feliz, MG, por volta de meados do século XX, cujo objetivo principal do estudo consistiu identificar as características agrícolas e os principais produtos cultivados na região, pensados como resultado específico de um processo histórico de ocupação e uso do solo na Zona da Mata Mineira. A pesquisa partiu da análise de dados estatísticos referentes à produção agrícola desse município para caracterizar como ocorreu o desenvolvimento socioeconômico do munícipio com base na agricultura, identificando a sua vocação para determinado setor agrícola. Os dados quantitativos foram confrontados com referenciais teóricos-metododologicos que discutem sobre a História Agrária. A pesquisa concluiu que a economia de Espera Feliz partiu do cultivo do café como produto de exportação, influenciando o crescimento socio-econômico local, projetando o município como uma rica região produtora de cafés de especiais.