Engineering Master Research Articles

Peer review declaration

All conference organisers/editors are required to declare details about their peer review. Therefore, please provide the following information:• Type of peer review: Single-blind / Double-blind / Triple-blind / Open / Other All papers have been reviewed by at least two reviewers and follow a double-blind peer review process. For the peer review, an editor has been assigned to the submitted paper as per the major theme of the conference, i.e., design engineering, thermal engineering and fluid science, material science and nanomaterials, production and industrial engineering. Four editors have been handling the review process by assigning two domain expert reviewers to each paper. The papers have been evaluated as per the quality criteria of IOP Publishing and the decisions were sent to the authors, such as: strong accept, accept, weak accept, borderline paper, and reject. The weakly accepted and borderline papers were sent back to authors for revision and resubmission was done through EasyChair. The resubmitted paper was again evaluated by the editor, and a final decision has been conveyed to the author.• Conference submission management system: Easychair Easychair was chosen as the conference paper submission and review management system for ICRAMEN 2021. All papers have been submitted and also reviewed by the Easychair account only. A revised submission was also accepted only by the easychair account. All email correspondence with the author was done through easychair email and also from conference@rame.org.in.• Number of submissions received: 52We have received a total of 52 papers, out of which accepted and registered papers have been considered for presentation at the conference and publication in a journal.• Number of submissions sent for review: 50 Two papers were not considered for review due to late submission and was rejected by the editor.• Number of submissions accepted: 28• Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 54%• Average number of reviews per paper: 2.2• Total number of reviewers involved: 23• Any additional info on review process:1. The Plagiarism Checker X software has been used to check the similarity index of the papers. The similarity index of all the papers is not more than 20%.2. ICRAMEN 2021 was a virtual conference, with all presentations delivered via the Zoom online platform.3. All papers have been evaluated by the editor and reviewed by a minimum of two reviewers. Also, some papers are sent back to the author for further revision after the presentation at the conference to amend the corrections suggested by the session chair.• Contact person for queries: Dr. Manoj A. Kumbhalkar, Conference Chair, ICRAMEN 2021. President, Research Association of Masters of Engineering (RAME), India.manoj.kumbhalkar@rame.org.in, manoj.kumbhalkar@rediffmail.com

(Invited) Graduate Doctoral Program in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering at University of California Irvine

UCI Electrochemistry & Electrochemical Engineering graduate program initiative was born in a series of ad-hock meetings of groups of UCI faculty members early in the Fall of 2018 with realization of reaching a critical mass in this intrinsically interdisciplinary area of research, two decades of offering a “classic” electrochemistry class in Chemistry (part of School of Physical Sciences), the existence of multiple electrochemistry modules and a set of Fuel Cell Technology classes at the Advanced Power and Energy Program, Samueli School of Engineering. Artur M. Sackler Colloquium of the National Academy of Sciences on Status and Challenges in Science for Decarbonizing our Energy Landscape (October 10-12, Beckman Center, Irvine, CA) saw the presence of some 17 UCI professors with a self-declared adherence to electrochemical science and engineering ranging from photo-electrochemistry, bio-electrochemistry, sensors & actuators, high-temperature electro-chemistry and solid-state ionics, electrochemical energy technology and power systems and corrosion. It was this very fact of self-identification that is the most powerful impetus for this initiative to create a graduate program at both PhD and MS/ME levels. It came with the spark realization that at present, in the US, (and could be also in Europe or in Japan), there is no other university campus with such high concentration of achievement and talent in the general area of electrochemistry. It came also with the call from the key constituencies: the high-technology wave of renewable energy integration into the grid, highest demand for electricity storage, new mobility and propulsion and with the need to transform critical chemical processes, like Haber-Bosch ammonia synthesis, or Fischer-Tropsch processing of CO and hydrogen to liquid fuels. Electrochemical sciences will play fundamental role in freeing humanity from dependence on fossil fuels and associated high temperature / high pressure processes. Electrochemical engineering is one of the ways to introduce environmentally friendly, low-temperature, solution-based technologies and is the base of hydrogen economy, as a path to ultimate decarbonization.With this in mind, an initiative group had set-off to create a proposal for a graduate program first as interdisciplinary engineering PhD degree program within Samueli School of Engineering, with Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering and Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering initial participation, with an extension to professional Masters in Engineering (ME) and then as a cross-disciplinary (campus-wide) program to include School of Physical Sciences, with Chemistry, Physics & Astronomy and Earth Systems Sciences participation. The initial thrust is to build on fundamental electrochemistry towards materials and energy applications. Extending the program to include sensors and sensor systems as well as water quality and treatment will naturally lead to inclusion of Electric Engineering & Computer Engineering, Biomedical Engineering and Civil & Environmental Engineering faculty. Through this involvement all departments in both schools would become contributive partners in the program. We will discuss the sequence and content (ssyllaby) of all current and planned classes. All though classes are indicted with course number and instructor’s name and departmental affiliation. This first 3 teaching quarters have not been formally organized as a program but rather were “self-harmonized” between the faculty as a pedagogical experiment. This presentation will discuss curriculum links and program building challenges.1 1 The University of California Irvine (as well as most of the UC System campuses) is teaching on a Quarter System: three 10-week long teaching periods: Fall, Winter and Spring.

In-Situ and Predicted Performance of a Certified Industrial Passive House Building under Future Climate Scenarios

The Wood Innovation Research Lab was designed as a low energy-use building to facilitate the construction and testing of engineered wood products by the faculty and staff of the Master of Engineering in Integrated Wood Design Program at the University of Northern British Columbia in Prince George, BC, Canada. Constructed using a 533 mm thick-wall and 659 mm flat roof assembly, it received certification as Canada’s first industrial facility built to the International Passive House standard. Temperature and humidity sensors were installed in the north and south exterior wall assemblies to measure long-term hygrothermal performance. Data collected between 2018–2020 shows no record of long-term moisture accumulation within the exterior assemblies. Data collected during this time period was used to validate hygrothermal performance models for the building created using the WUFI® Plus software. Long-term performance models created using future climate data for five cities across Canada under two global warming scenarios shows favorable results, with an increase in average annual temperatures resulting in lower average relative humidity values at the interior face of the exterior sheathing board in the exterior wall assemblies.

Developing team competencies of mining engineers in collaborative learning under the CDIO concept

The problem of forming team competencies among future mining specialists in response to modern challenges of the Russian labor market in the coal mining industry is investigated. Many domestic universities are modernizing their educational programs in accordance with CDIO (Conceive–Design–Implement–Operate) standards in order that students master engineering skills in line with the Think–Design–Implement–Manage model. The CDIO concept is focused on the development of systemic, creative and critical thinking, task-setting and problem-solving skills, as well as on teamwork in the course of engineering. The level of team competency development among future mining engineers in transition to FSES 3++ is identified, and the effectiveness of the collaborative approach to the formation of team competencies in the educational process of a university is proved. The study involved 135 students of various courses of the National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University specializing in mining, geological exploration technology and applied geology. Monitoring of the team competency development among students was carried out through observation, project team working results, questionnaires, interviews and the executed work apprehension by the students. The authors have revealed the criteria and levels of the team competency. The studies show that most mining engineering students have medium-level team competencies. The theoretical and empirical research allowed the authors to formulate specific pedagogical recommendations to handle this problem.The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Project No. 19-29-07350.

The Logic of "Engineering Ethics" Module in Master of Engineering Education

Since China joined the Washington Accord, engineering ethics has become an indispensable part of engineering education. However, the course of "engineering ethics" is a new subject for today’s engineers in China. Every teacher would face questions concerning the connection between engineering and ethics, the teaching objectives of the course, and the applicability of the current teaching methods in the engineering and ethics courses. By participating in engineering activities on-site and interviewing engineers and scientists to understand engineering, we have looked for answers for the above questions over the last 20 years’ teaching and innovated teaching methods, and tried to find basic logic for the course for better outcomes. The engineering ethics module for masters of engineering includes four sub-systems: ethical value,engineering thinking, teaching objectives and teaching methods. This article illuminates their functions and connections and analyzes the logic of engineering ethics courses.

A novel hybrid aircraft propulsion based on the DEA compressor—part B: Performance

This two-parts article introduces a novel hybrid propulsion system based on the DEA compressor. The system encompasses a Pulse Detonation TurboDEA as the master engine that supplies several full-electric ancillary thrusters called DEAThruster. The system, called the propulsion set, can be categorized as a distributed propulsion system based on the design mission and number of ancillary thrusters. Part B of this article explains the performance sizing of the propulsion set designed in part A. Evaluating the performance of the propulsion, computer programs are written for all major components of the both master engine and ancillary thruster. The intake, compressor, detonation process, diffusers, axial turbine, and exit nozzle are modeled under certain flight conditions, and their performances are revealed and analyzed. The flight conditions are considered from the static condition at the sea level up to flight Mach number 5 at an altitude of 20,000 m. The performance of the propulsion set is also compared with some aircraft propulsions modeled by similar studies in all important aspects.

Increasing service quality at a university: a continuous improvement project

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate a continuous improvement project (CIP) at a Mexican university designed to increase engineering graduate student loyalty. Design/methodology/approach A plan-do-check-act problem-solving methodology was implemented, and a SERVQUAL survey was conducted on 67 master’s engineering students. Findings Five factors were found to affect student loyalty: facility cleanliness; faculty teaching skills; evening student services; master’s degree student management roles at work; and master’s degree students’ ages. After the implementation of the improvement and control actions, there was a 7.7% increase in the engineering master’s degree students’ loyalty scores. Research limitations/implications However, there were several research limitations: data availability (such as student loyalty, student satisfaction and a small master’s degree student population size) and factors outside the CIP’s scope (such as the country’s economic situation, university rankings, master’s programme accreditations and COVID-19). Practical implications The findings from this research study could be used by other higher education institutions (HEIs)to improve student loyalty and as a reference when conducting similar studies in other service organisations such as hospitals and hotels. Originality/value This research work took a different approach in assessing student satisfaction and student loyalty in a HEI by using the SERVQUAL survey as the data collection instrument for conducting CIP.

ENGINEERING MASTER STUDENTS‘ VIEWS ON DIGITAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN A HOST EUROPEAN COUNTRY

The importance of engineering education in promoting engineering students’ entrepreneurial attitudes and behaviours now is widely recognised. The aim of the research is to explore international engineering Master students’ views on digital entrepreneurship in a host European country underpinning the elaboration of implications for engineering education in a host country. The research methods imply the use of both - theoretical and empirical - methods. Theoretical methods included analysis of scientific literature, theoretical modelling, systematisation, synthesis, comparison, generalisation. The empirical study was carried out in Germany in February 2021. 32 engineering Master students took part in the online survey. The online survey was based on the online questionnaire. The obtained data were described with the use of percentage, standard deviation and weighted average. The data description was followed by data interpretation and summarization. The use of the theoretical methods allows identifying that digital entrepreneurship is a supplement to traditional settings entrepreneurship proceeds in. The theoretical research resulted in the conceptual framework built of engineering student’s intention to become a digital entrepreneur, the use of the host country language, the use of engineering knowledge in digital entrepreneurship. The results of the empirical study allow finding out that the engineering Master students’ view digital entrepreneurship in a positive way. The survey results show that the engineering students focus their digital entrepreneurship on their professional field, namely engineering. The survey also outlined two major factors, namely host country language and host country rules, that limit the opportunities of becoming a digital entrepreneur in a host country. The implications for engineering education, that international engineering Master students receive in a host country, imply the integration of entrepreneurial culture, namely host country language and host country rules, into engineering education in a host country. The emphasis of the host country language and host country rules should be placed on their use for entrepreneurial purposes. By the entrepreneurial purposes, specific activities that are tied to entrepreneurship are meant. Training of host country language and host country rules within engineering education should be centred on their use for entrepreneurship.

A novel hybrid aircraft propulsion based on the DEA compressor—Part A: Design

This two-part article introduces a novel hybrid propulsion system based on the DEA compressor. The system encompasses a Pulse Detonation TurboDEA as the master engine that supplies several full-electric ancillary thrusters called DEAThruster. The system, called the propulsion set, can be categorized as a distributed propulsion system based on the design mission and number of ancillary thrusters. Part A of this article explains the design process comprising intake, compressor, detonation process, diffuser, axial turbine, and the exit nozzle. The main target is to design a high-performance low emission propulsion system capable of serving in a wide range of altitudes and flight Mach numbers that covers altitudes up to 20,000 m and flight Mach number up to the hypersonic edge. Designing the propulsion set, the design point is considered at the static condition in the sea level. Design results show the propulsion set can satisfy all requirements necessary for its mission.

Assessing the Effect of Laboratory Activities on Core Curricular Units of an Engineering Master’s Program: A Multivariate Analysis

This paper studies the effect of laboratory activities on the results obtained by the students on 7 core curricular units (CUs) of an Integrated Master in Mechanical Engineering. Each CU is characterized by means of 4 performance indices, over the 6-year period 2014/2015–2019/2020. Firstly, individual indices in a per semester basis are compared. Secondly, the CUs are regarded as objects defined in a 4-dimensional space of features, and the multidimensional scaling (MDS) technique is adopted for clustering and computer visualization. The MDS is powerful for analyzing the multivariate dataset, unveiling patterns not perceived by standard statistical methods.

Technological model of training of Masters in Electrical Engineering to electrical installation and commissioning

The article presents the technological model of training of Masters in Electrical Engineering to electrical installation and commissioning. In the structure of the model of training future electrical engineers, three basic blocks are identified: motivational-target, content-procedural and resultant. The following components act as structural elements of the motivational-target block of the model: social order, technological progress and normative base, purpose, tasks. The content-procedural block of the model includes components of the Master’s readiness to electrical installation and commissioning (motivational, orientation, operational), as well as methods and tools of training. The resultant block contains a system of criteria for the formation of the Master’s readiness to electrical installation and commissioning, control procedure, levels of formation, self-assessment, result, as well as elements of self-correction and correction of content and methods of education. It is noted that the practical implementation of the proposed model involves a special organization of the learning process, application of appropriate methods and learning tools that would ensure the formation of components of readiness for this activity. The obtained results of the experimental study provide an opportunity to assert that the model of training of Masters in Electrical Engineering to electrical installation and commissioning is effective.

Calculation of the Cost of Student Education: A Case Study of Shiraz Medical School.

Introduction: Given the importance of the education system in the health sector and the necessity to calculate the cost in this sector, this study aimed to calculate the cost of education for health students in Shiraz Medical School, using activity-based costing (ABC). Methods: This study was conducted in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2015-2016, considering the cost structure of the education department. The data required for the present research study was gathered from accrual accounting system, payroll system, educational deputy system called SAMA, list of paid salaries, information received from medical school such as exact position of individuals and course credits assigned to teachers, interviews conducted at the university headquarter in order to determine the appropriate indicators for allocating the costs, and interviewing clinical and non-clinical teachers to calculate the cost of training in these fields.Results: The findings indicated that the cost of training in general accounted for 70% of the total cost of student education. PhD in Medical Ethics, Assistant of Radiotherapy and Ph.D. in Pharmacology turned out to posit the highest cost for each student respectively, while MPH, Master of Medical Engineering, and Master of Electronic Medicine Education had the lowest cost for each student, respectively. The cost in all fields is more than the per capita cost of student education paid to the university.Conclusion: Authorities should focus on controlling and reducing the cost of training, which is the main component of the costs. Factors such as the number of students in each field, degree, and type of field are effective in the costs of education. Hence, in order to allocate the budget more equitably, costs of education for each field calculated by ABC should be based on allocating the funds to the university.

Learning Specifics of Corporate Culture Development: A Study of Motor Transport Masters Program Graduates

Within the framework of post-industrial development in the motor industry a new management culture based on corporate values is stimulating change in the system of engineering education. In the evolution of the vehicle servicing businesses, second level higher education graduates, (masters of Engineering) are often employed as line managers. The results of a multi-panel academic study involving stakeholders indicated the need for masters program graduates to be actively engaged in the development of corporate culture and training production staff. This highlighted a new competence for line manager which has previously not given adequate focus – training as a part of operational management activities. This is an innovative feature of the Engineer masters Program training process. This article analyzes the curriculum for teaching corporate culture to production personnel. It also specifies the role of a facilitator to replace an expert teacher and formulates the academic problem of teaching specific didactic tools appropriate for corporate culture development to masters students.

A Gap Study between Employers’ Expectations in Thailand and Current Competence of Master’s Degree Students in Industrial Engineering under Industry 4.0

Abstract Industry 4.0 is an era in which the manufacturing industry has adopted digital technologies and the Internet to enable smart manufacturing system, machines used in the production now can communicate with each other and exchange information between each other, and the machinery used in the manufacturing process is more modern and precise. Therefore, educational institutions should develop the curriculum to produce qualified graduates with the knowledge required for the Industry 4.0 era, especially Industrial Engineering graduates who are directly related to the industry sector. The purpose of this research is to collect the data for the Master of Industrial Engineering (MSIE) curriculum development. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique is used to rank the indicators of knowledge that is important to the employment of graduates with a master’s degree in Industrial Engineering, and study the gap between the expectations of employers and the ability of the current MSIE students of Khon Kaen University. The results of the study reveal that the first indicators that are most important to the employment of MSIE graduates is the knowledge of Industry 4.0 strategy and the knowledge that the students should have developed are the collaboration of humans and robots, big data analytics, real time data usage and databased decision making.

DINAMIKA KELOMPOK DALAM PROSES EMERGENCY DECISION MAKING (EDM): PEMBELAJARAN DARI SIMULASI TANGGAP DARURAT DI PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA NUKLIR

Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) is a non-fossil energy source with very high output and most sustain power plant. NPP is also classified as environmentally friendly because, in normal processes, NPP produces zero Carbon Dioxide (CO2) as the primary air pollutant. However, if there is a disaster, the impact is exceptionally terrible. Besides causing fatalities, it can also result in hazardous health problems and takes hundreds of years to recover the surrounding natural environment. Therefore, to avoid disaster, the skills of nuclear power plant operators are critical, especially in overcoming the crisis. Typical challenges in Analog System-based NPP is the synergy among operators whose numbers are higher than in digital systems. This paper reflects learning outcomes from simulation to overcome the crisis in NPP, particularly the immediacy in making the right decisions. The simulation was carried out at the Analog System-Based NPP Simulation Center in Essen, Germany, and followed by a group of students from the Human Factor Engineering Master Program, Hochschule Niederrhein, with diverse national cultural backgrounds. One result is that the unique characteristics of each nation's cultural background can affect its effectiveness in overcoming the crisis. Two different aspects are initiative and assertive behavior among people inside the group.

Exploration on Establishment of Off-campus Training Base for Civil Engineering Professional Master

The training of civil engineering professional master focuses on cultivating practical talents and its training method is different from that of academic masters. This paper proposes the establishment of off-campus training bases to train masters of civil engineering in order to establish a leadership group based on school-enterprise joint work and make full use of teacher’s resources. Not only work on projects, but also select better training base according to complementary advantages. In this paper, a new idea was provided that improved the establishment of off-campus training bases for civil engineering masters training.

International Student Mobility: An Empirical Study Based on FEUP Mechanical Engineering Data

Students are formal learners seeking documented and recognized tertiary education. Student mobility in higher education can be inward (into a country) or outward (out of a country). Both types of mobility are educational processes offering different experiences and resulting in different outcomes. At least half of MIEM (Integrated Mechanical Engineering master degree of the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal) students are driven to seek different institutions and different societies outside their known environment. During the academic year 2019/20 one hundred and forty MIEM students were engaged on exchange mobility projects distributed among inward Portuguese universities and a large number of outward European and non-European programs. This report focuses on MIEM student exchange aiming to share collected data based on numbers and experiences. A developed questionnaire addressing exchange mobility benefits on student educational progression as well as on the foreseen future career was handled to all 2019/20 mobility students and the collected data are reported here. Results of the survey show that 90% of the responding students consider that the engaged exchange program will turn into a positive influence on their career and a short 10% did not appreciate the mobility experience.

Estimation of fatigue life using low cost pneumatic setup and Arduino based data acquisition (DAQ)

With increase in number of Students opting of Masters in Engineering, the demand for High quality and Precise Instruments has risen by many folds. The Students in countries like India, strive to get access to components and Hardwares to validate and obtain definitive results to pursue their Research within Student level, irrespective of whether the Grade/Level is Bachelors/Masters. When we talk about assessment of Fatigue Life of a job, the conventional setup of Repeatedly Twisting and Releasing comes into our mind wherein Twisting /Shear Stress is repeatedly introduced and released. However, when Metal Plates are required to be tested, bending stresses are to be introduced. The objective of is paper, aims around development of Low cost setup for estimation of Fatigue life of Samples, constrained to bending stress, using Pneumatic setup as stress producing actuator and Arduino setup combined with Strain gauges as low cost data acquisition (DAQ) tool. The data from the DAQ is logged through LABVIEW, for obtaining SN Curve and further analysis.

Visual Experiences in Cinquecento Theatrical Spaces by Javier Berzal de Dios

Reviewed by: Visual Experiences in Cinquecento Theatrical Spaces by Javier Berzal de Dios Robert Henke VISUAL EXPERIENCES IN CINQUECENTO THEATRICAL SPACES. By Javier Berzal de Dios. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2019; pp. 216. Javier Berzal de Dios’s excellent Visual Experiences in Cinquecento Theatrical Spaces persuasively rebuts received narratives regarding Italian Renaissance theatre architecture and design, offering a more complex, nuanced picture that includes the heterogeneous, sometimes messy experiences of actual spectators. The standard view (only slightly exaggerated): Italian Renaissance theatre designers and scenographers, such as Baldassare Peruzzi in his decisive 1514 design for a production of La Calandria, rationalized their designs with the new art of linear perspective, which created the illusion of an ideal representation whose unity aligned with neo-Aristotelian notions of the dramaturgical unities. This single, unified picture was passively received by spectators functioning as a homogenous unit, except insofar as they were aesthetically and politically subordinate to the sovereign, who was positioned at the ideal perspectival point in the audience. This new, Renaissance view of seeing in the theatre decisively broke with medieval habits and shaped a linear progression of these tendencies running the course of the sixteenth century, from Peruzzi to Serlio in the mid-sixteenth century to the Teatro Olimpico and Teatro all’antica at Sabbioneta. The old humanist paradox obtains in this narrative as elsewhere: what seemed new was really a return to classical ideas. Berzal de Dios’s short but incisive book demolishes these received notions. In his account, theories of spatial unity were not in concert but actually clashed with humanist experimentation, the desire for non-orderly aesthetic effects such as wonder and the heterogeneous experiences of actual spectators conceived more as participants in civic dialogue than as cheerfully obedient ducal subjects. Neo-classical restraint, order, and symmetry were contradicted by impulses towards excess, surplus, and saturation. The ideal of a unified visual picture, governed by the cool laws of perspective, is belied by the displacements, truncations, and distortions revealed in the surviving stage representations of Rome, Pisa, Siena, Florence, and other Italian cities. The author invites us to see Peruzzi’s iconic stage design for La Calandria, touted in traditional theatre histories as the epitome of the unified scenographic vision, as downright weird. The linear perspective located in the downstage part of the drawing tells only half the story, as Berzal de Dios examines the incongruities of what is illustrated on the backdrop, or flattened space in the background. There, the Colosseum is shrunk, and the Pantheon is sandwiched in front of the Castel Sant’Angelo. Linear perspective emerges not as the be-all and end-all, but merely “one of many tools, all of which were at the service of the artistic process” (15). Peruzzi’s Rome, too, is one of ruins and overgrown vegetation, hardly the ideal city abstracted from some versions of art history. To see such scenographers’ impulses to elicit wonder, surprise, and even religious awe is to contest the narrative that may have begun with artist and historian Giorgio Vasari, who in touting Peruzzi and others celebrated what he perceived as a rupture between Renaissance and medieval ways of thinking about the the stage. Berzal de Dios’s challenge to Vasari’s historiography helps us make more sense of Brunelleschi’s period-defying role in Italian theatre: the master of Renaissance perspective and engineering who designed wonder-inducing machinery for fifteenth-century religious plays (sacre rappresentazioni). Chapter 2, “The Artificial City on Stage,” examines designs by Beccafumi, Salviati, and others to show how designs for Pisa, Siena, Florence, and other Italian cities were characterized by “spatial dissonances, visual tensions, inquietudes, and internal inconsistencies that demonstrate the prevalence of a taste for playfulness” (37). These were [End Page 111] the work of experimental artists who played with classical ideas—not theorists and mathematicians bound by the idée fixe of consistency. Cinquecento spectators did not see through a two-dimensional window as passive viewers to a three-dimensional perspettiva but were embroiled in what the author calls the “apparato”: the entire complex of the stage, the scenography, the auditorium, and the “spectators’ act of viewing as made possible and conditioned by the space” (5...

The algorithm for determining an optimal system of routes for the mine ventilation and safety engineering masters for the purpose of monitoring aerodynamic parameters of the ventilation network in mines

Route control of the mine aerogasdynamic parameters is organized in such a way that the obtained information can supplement the information of the unified telecommunication system for dispatch control and automated control of mining machines and technological complexes or another similar system installed in the mine making this information more exact, promptly if possible, without duplications. The route control system is formed from the practical considerations with taking into account the data of the stationary system. Due to the joint functioning of stationary and route control systems with accounting the previous changes of aerogasdynamic parameters, it will be possible to build a predicted trajectory of such a change, which will improve reliability, optimize the control structure and more exactly predict the occurrence of emergency situations. In this article, the authors formulate the main definitions and properties of the route control system and the problem of creating the routes covered the entire mine ventilation network with a given number of control points. An algorithm for constructing a route control system is characterized with taking into account economic and ergonomic conditions, time factor and safety requirements. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use the method of sequential improvement of admissible plan. The essence of the method is that, having received a certain solution (an admissible plan) as an initial approximation, the measures are proposed for improving it till further improvement becomes impossible. The "improvement" here means more complete satisfaction of the proposed criterion for minimizing total time of the master travelling for executing his work on the route. Improvement of the admissible plan is carried out by the Monte Carlo method. The possibility of duplication of data obtained from an automated system and by route control is analyzed, and a reduction of the basis of control stations is grounded. The set of routes for monitoring parameters of the ventilation network elements by mine experts chosen in this way will reduce the risk of obtaining incomplete information about its aerogasdynamic state, and cross-monitoring of measurements within the transversal of the bases of two components of the control system will improve reliability and accuracy of the monitoring.