Mass Layoffs Research Articles

Digital transformation in traditional society (on the example of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic)

Expanding as a result of information and technological progress, the processes of globalization are immersing the material world and the sphere of human relationships in the space of digital technologies. Leading experts note that the world community is on the verge of fundamental changes associated with technological breakthroughs in various fields of knowledge. The article discusses the regional features of digital transformation in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. If in developed countries and the most dynamically developing regions of Russia, the transition of society to a new era of digital technologies is a logical, natural, from the point of view of evolutionary development, phenomenon, then what is this process like in traditional societies? This question was central to the present work. The results of the study showed that people rightly point out both the positive and negative aspects of digital transformation. The problem of mass layoffs is relevant. People are afraid that robots and computer programs will force them out of the labor market. This problem is especially acute in such an economically depressed region as the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. Also, people are concerned about the erosion of the cultural foundations of the titular peoples of the region, as a result of the processes of globalization, which are taking place with particular intensity in the digital world. At the same time, the respondents noted the presence of significant positive aspects of digital transformation. Welfare increases, the solution of many everyday problems is simplified, the quality of human life improves.

A Framework for Income, Inheritance, and Wealth Tax in America amid Increasing Income Inequality when the Richest are Leaving even the Rich Far Behind

A Framework for Income, Inheritance, and Wealth Tax in America amid Increasing Income Inequality when the Richest are Leaving even the Rich Far Behind

A Modern Defense of Simple Rules for a Complex World

My 1995 book Simple Rules for a Complex World articulated a general proposition that, in most situations, simple legal rules perform better in two key dimensions: (1) they are simpler to interpret and enforce, and (2) they generate efficient incentives on the parties to whom they apply. I then applied that view to matters of general legal theory, to matters of environmental law, and to disputes over labor. These principles apply to all forms of legal regulation, but in this Article, I shall limit my analysis to the five articles in this Collection. These are by Richard Revesz on global warming, Cynthia Estlund on the contract at will, Lior Strahilevitz and Rebecca Hansen on labor organization efforts on company property, Lee Anne Fennell on price discrimination, and Franita Tolson on the independent state legislature theory. The Revesz Article takes an extreme position on responses to global warming that misses the inherent cyclical nature of the underlying determinants of global warming, and thus calls for prompt intervention in energy markets that is likely to prove far more costly and socially destructive than the current energy markets dominated by fossil fuels. The Estlund Article imposes unworkable restrictions on the ability to hire and fire that cannot work especially in two key contexts: both start-ups with high turnover rates as well as mass layoffs. Hansen and Strahilevitz defend an unduly aggressive application of statutes of limitations that would, if adopted, make it vastly more difficult to mount any challenge against virtually any regulation. I then offer a brief and sympathetic comment on Lee Ann Fennell’s price discrimination analysis, which demonstrates the ability of standard contractual forms to facilitate beneficial cooperation in a wide variety of market situations. Finally, the Tolson Article on the independent state legislature theory does not present challenges to the Simple Rules issue, but it does illustrate the perils often inherent in overly clever approaches to constitutional interpretation. A close examination of these articles shows how the dangers of complex legal rules, and the corresponding benefits of simple legal rules, are as relevant today as they were some 28 years ago.

A FOLLOW-UP STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF E-LEARNING AND BLENDED LEARNING DURING THE CORONA PANDEMIC

In late 2019, the Wuhan City Health Commission reported mass cases of a mysterious pneumonia in Wuhan, China, which the World Health Organization (WHO) later named the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Within two years, 150 million people were infected and 3 million died (World meter, 2021). WHO has announced safety measures to prevent the spread of the virus, such as frequent hand washing, avoiding touching the eyes, nose and mouth, and maintaining a social distance of 1 meter. Social distance affected both the economic system and societies. The epidemic shut down many economies, shutting down businesses, which ultimately led to mass layoffs and poverty. There was also a major disruption in the education system, as schools, colleges and universities were temporarily closed due to social distancing. Schools were closed in almost 200 countries. Over the last few years, we have seen a huge increase in the use of various technologies to support the learning and training of organizations. For many organizations, online learning is the default choice. The terms e-learning and blended learning are often used interchangeably, which is not a problem in casual conversation. The main difference between e-learning and blended learning is that e-learning takes place entirely over the Internet, while blended learning uses both face-to-face classroom sessions and online learning methods. The main difference between e - learning and blended learning is that e-learning is a learning method that uses only online platforms, while blended learning offers a combination of online methods and traditional face -to-face classroom learning methods. Although teacher instruction is provided in a blended learning environment, teacher instruction is often not provided in an online learning environment. In addition, students must follow self-study and independent learning methods in online learning. In addition, e-learning environments offer students the freedom to choose their own learning pace. This study aims to follow up how online learning effectiveness during this special time. The researchers developed a semi-closed questionnaire based on a 1-0 point scale from 1=yes to 0=no. The items in the questionnaire were based on the attitudes of students, parents and educators about blended learning. The questionnaire contains 5 parts: bio, technological aspect, educational aspect, platforms and applications, Training aspect and Suggestion. The section includes information about whether the respondent is a parent, student or educator. The technology department simulates several technical and technological aspects and the suitability of technical equipment in your home. The training section contains some points about the teaching-learning during e-learning. In the Apps and Platforms section, we consider which platform or program is best for e-learning or blended learning in Iraq. In the education section, many people wonder about the competence of the teacher and the student, and do they need more education. The impact of online learning on education creates new challenges for teachers, parents and students who take online courses that must be quickly overcome. The process of teaching and learning in an online learning environment is different from a traditional classroom and can be more challenging for both teachers and students. For the teacher and the student to succeed in this new learning, it is important to recognize the challenges and consider the best practices of online learning. To understand the difficulties associated with online learning, it is important to define what is meant by the term "e-learning". Clark and Mayer (2011) define elearning as learning delivered through any technology designed to promote learning. Unlike a traditional classroom, teaching and learning are done differently in an e-learning environment, which can create new difficulties for both teachers and students using this e-learning platform. Through technological learning tools, the traditional classroom learning environment has been replaced by online or blended learning, which is drastically changing the face of education. To ensure student success, it is important to consider the difficulties that teachers and students face in an online learning environment.

Analysis of Flight Disruption Data to Determine Problem Areas Utilizing Database Applications

Flight delays represent a significant issue to airline profits and passenger satisfaction. Many factors can lead to a flight being delayed and/or cancelled. To compound the issue, COVID restrictions have created a shortage of skilled, willing labor and a disturbance in the supply chain. All aspects of air travel have been affected. For example, aircraft maintenance and new plane constructions have increased lead times due to parts unavailability. Mass layoffs or early retirements as a knee-jerk response to reduced travel in 2020 has exacerbated the problem. Pilot strikes protesting mandates led to mass flight cancellations in 2021. The study will evaluate flight delays, cancellations, and incident data with the goal of visualizing which airports, airlines, cities, or states are experiencing the highest number of flight disruptions relative to others. In the era of new technological development, database applications are commonly used for data analysis to allow pattern recognition and large data distribution and organization. This study will mainly serve the purpose of flight data retrieval, the compilation of data and database design and finally output data visualizations. The outcome of the research will be presented in a user-friendly interface where the user can easily generate visualizations which can be used to analyze flight delay information.

ANALYSIS OF CONSUMPTION PATTERNS OF GOODS AND SERVICES IN HOUSEHOLDS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: CASE STUDY IN BANDUNG REGENCY

COVID-19 is a virus that was first discovered in the city of Wuhan, China which spreads through small droplets from the sufferer’s nose or mouth. World Health Organization (WHO) has classified this disease as a global pandemic. The Indonesian government has established several policies to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus. This policy harmed the local community activities, such as loss of income, mass layoffs, and significant changes in people’s lifestyles. Consumption is one aspect of life that is influenced by various factors such as income, needs, and the price of goods itself. During epidemics and changes in government policies, the amount of public consumption will also change, including the pattern of public consumption which can change according to many existing factors. A consumption pattern is a picture of the amount, type, and frequency of goods and services consumed by a person or group of people to meet their needs. From consumption patterns, we can see the level of welfare or economic condition of a group from the types of goods and services consumed or the income spent to meet these needs. The results of several studies state that there has been a shift or change in consumption activities for goods and services in Indonesia during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Structural change in the ICT sector: Where have former Nokia employees ended up?

This study empirically examines the reemployment of employees displaced from a high-tech firm. Since 2008, the plummeting market share of Nokia, the world’s largest mobile phone manufacturer at the time, has resulted in massive layoffs and the downsizing of its workforce. We analyze the labor market status of more than twenty thousand former Nokia employees in Finland who left the company during 2009-2014. Using a unique matched employee-employer dataset, we identify the key factors associated with the probability of reemployment. Our findings show that the majority of former Nokia employees were successful in becoming reemployed. According to the latest available data from 2017, more than three-quarters of these employees found new jobs. The remaining share includes people who retired or returned to study. Reemployment was often found in the service sector. Employees with higher education levels and those who had held senior positions at Nokia were more successful in finding new jobs than others. Some regional differences in reemployment were also found.

Analysis of Indonesian Government Policies in Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic-Induced Mass Layoffs

This study intends to evaluate Indonesian government strategies for dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic's high rate of mass layoffs. The labor market has been significantly impacted by the Covid-19 outbreak. This study employs a qualitative methodology, gathering a range of information and relevant sources. Information regarding Indonesian government policies, issues with layoffs and the law there, as well as the country's economic status in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, acquired from literary studies, journals, and other relevant sources. In this essay, the author separates the data into three categories: the instances of layoffs in Indonesia during the Covid-19 outbreak; government policy to address the issue; and implementation of government policy to address the issue. The analysis discovered that the Indonesian government has put repressive and preventive measures in place. Preventative measures, such as offering incentives and lowering working hours and worker compensation, to avoid layoffs. Repressive measures were also put in place to lessen the effects of termination of employment under the pre-employment card program. Although the pre-employment program would be more effective if the training were conducted on-site at the training center, it is less effective because it is conducted online. Programs to manage workforce, enhance quality, and ensure legal protection must be strengthened by the government. The workforce, the government, and business actors must all participate in a complete bottom-top strategy.

텍스트마이닝을 활용한 인공지능 디자인에 대한 SNS 이용자 인식에 관한 연구

Current artificial intelligence technology enables image recognition, voice recognition, unmanned driving, and automatic translation through deep learning. Artificial intelligence technology is developing also in the field of design beyond human limitations. However, negative perceptions such as ethical distrust and anxiety over mass layoffs are also emerging, which can delay the spread of artificial intelligence technology. Therefore, the theme of the study is “a study on the perception of SNS users on artificial intelligence design using text mining

Some issues of outsourcing in the RF Armed Forces

The article considers the possibility of introducing post-labor compliance as a way to mitigate the growth of unemployment in a crisis. The main legal problems caused by sanctions from «unfriendly countries» are analyzed. As a result of the situation on the labor market and general legal unpredictability, it is proposed to create a post-labor compliance system that should help both employers who comply with all the requirements of labor legislation and employees by guaranteeing the payment of severance pay in full in the event of mass layoffs.

The First Tech Layoff Wave After Years of Hypergrowth

Same month SEN issue published one year ago had this column titled as "The Human Side of the Tech Industry: Key Drivers Behind the Tech Talent Dilemma." It discussed the Tech industry hypergrowth and how the tech industry is challenged in terms of finding talents and closing their hiring needs and deliver their projects; citing this as one of the top risks to delivering the required level of Digitalization projects. One year later from when that issue was published and the Tech Industry has been rocked by a massive layoff movement, with more than 120,000 IT workers have been laid off only in the U.S. This is perplexing. What happened to the Tech talent dilemma? More importantly, how such massive layoffs affects Tech Industry and Software Engineers? This paper surveys key impact points from such wave.

The effect of mass layoffs on related industries: Evidence from a mining ban in India

The effect of mass layoffs on related industries: Evidence from a mining ban in India

Regional labour market of the Republic of Tyva: trends and challenges

The paper discusses the main parameters of the labour market of the Republic of Tyva, that are the system-forming factors of the region's economy. The analysed data were obtained from the results of two empirical studies conducted in the Republic of Tyva (2019 and 2021) by the Center for the Study of Social Structure and Social Stratification of the Institute of Sociology of the FCTAS RAS under the guidance of prof. Z.T. Golenkova, PhD. These research projects were carried out in various time phases of the functioning of the Republican labour market: the pre-crisis period (2019) and the crisis period of the COVID-19 epidemic (2021). It can be said that the 2021 study was the first record of the reaction of the regional labour market to the transformation of the economic system caused by the pandemic. The pandemic most of all affected the physical condition of the population - a fifth of the respondents had been ill with COVID-19. The study did not reveal signs of large-scale social conflicts in the labour sphere. Those who lost their jobs or liquidated their business amount to no more than 6%. Neither mass layoffs of employees nor a large-scale reduction in the number of entrepreneurs took place in the region during the period of the coronavirus pandemic. At the same time, the level of registered unemployment increased in 2021 compared to 2019 by almost 10%. One of the main reasons for the growth of this indicator, as the authors believe, is the significantly increased volume of social transfers for officially registered unemployed during this period. The article also provides quantitative indicators of the labour market and compares the key indicators of the labour market model in dynamics - the level of economic activity, employment and unemployment (official and unregistered). Particular attention is paid to assessing the prevalence of various types of informal employment. It is shown that the entrepreneurial initiative of the population is a kind of guarantor of the desired level of material income, orientation towards anti-paternalistic attitudes. The authors also made an attempt to calculate the total pool of the most active labour market actors and their adaptation strategies. The authors come to the conclusion that the market model has demonstrated sustainability and stability in response to the external impacts of the crisis.

Tittle Analisis Penyebab Meningkatnya Angka Perkara Cerai Gugat Tahun 2020-2022 di Pengadilan Agama Medan Kelas IA

Lately, it has been alleged that divorce cases in Indonesia have dominated divorce suits have been filed by the wives. Similar incidents were seen in Medan City, North Sumatra, by taking the Medan Religious Court Class I A sample. Data from the Medan Religious Court, the number of divorces reaches two thousand five hundred cases per year. If you look at the principles of the Marriage Law which complicate divorce, it seems contradictory, and even divorces continue to increase to this day. Against the background of the problems above, this study aims to determine the factors causing the increase in the number of divorce cases being sued in 2020-2022 at the Medan Religious Court. The author uses quantitative empirical legal research methods, namely procedures through data analysis based on statistics in the form of written and oral statements from the field. The conclusion of this study is that due to the weak family economy supported by social changes during the Covid-19 pandemic, many husbands are victims of mass layoffs, unable to meet family needs and are not responsible for supporting their families. wife and child. So there are always constant fights that lead to divorce. Then today's wives are more independent and understand their rights better as wives, access to information about divorce procedures is very easy to find through Google or LBH. So that the wife is certain to take steps to divorce her husband at the Medan Religious Court.

FACTOR ANALYSIS OF THE PHENOMENON OF MASS LAYOFFS AT STARTUPS: MIXED METHOD APPROACH WITH STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING

Massive layoffs have occurred amid the rapid growth of startup companies in recent years. This study aims to explore the factors that play a role in the phenomenon of massive startup layoffs. This research use mixed method approach because it is still early to understand the problem. Structured approach is used to construct phenomena through secondary data. From the research results on these variables, results and conclusions are drawn that the phenomenon of startup layoffs is multifactor. The business model that relies on venture capital funding, the priority of growth at the expense of cash flow, and the high cost of startup employees are factors that trigger startups to adopt a mass layoff strategy when macroeconomic factors make venture capital reduce funding and make market conditions unfavourable to grow. While from statistical analysis using PLS-SEM show that funding and startup industry have significant effect on the number of layoff. This research can be a starting point for describing the phenomenon of mass startup layoffs, but it is only limited to exploratory studies related to variables that contribute to the phenomenon. Further research is needed to delve deeper into other factors that make startups more vulnerable to adopting layoff strategies.

Postpartum Job Loss: Transitory Effect on Mothers, Long-run Damage to Children

The first year after childbirth involves dramatic changes to parents’ lives and is crucial for children's development. Using plausibly exogenous job loss from mass layoffs and establishment closures, we provide novel evidence on the effect of adverse shocks in the first postpartum year on mothers and children. Our results reveal that effects of adverse labor shocks among females are significantly larger in the first postpartum year. No such differential effects are present among males. Additionally, we find long-lasting harm to children's educational outcomes 15 years after the displacement event took place. The child effects are not present among those who experience paternal labor shocks. To better understand these results, we investigate several potential mechanisms, including income, mobility, spousal labor supply responses, fertility, and marital dissolution.

The Effect of Cost Determination in the Provision of Halal Certificates on Traded Products in Makassar City

In terms of food or goods and their use, Islam commands its followers to eat and use good, holy, and clean ingredients. Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala says which means: "O mankind, eat what is lawful and good from what is on earth, and do not follow the steps of the devil, because indeed the devil is a real enemy for you." (Q.S. Al-Baqarah, 2:168). In other words, the concept of perfect and recommended food is “halal and good food.” Since the Covid-19 pandemic has spread throughout Indonesia, many have turned into traders to provide for themselves and their families due to mass layoffs. However, if you want to sell, you need to pay attention to the composition that will be used, because in Article 4 of Law Number 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Guarantee, which states "products that enter, circulate, and trade in Indonesian territory must be certified halal" and this article came into effect on October 17, 2019. However, there are still many MSME (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) who do not have a halal certificate due to cost constraints. etc. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and find answers related to the effect of determining costs and procedures for obtaining a halal certificate on the ease of doing business for businessmen in Makassar City. This research is an empirical research, both quantitative data and qualitative data were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of the study indicate that the determination of costs and procedures for obtaining a halal certificate greatly influences the ease of doing business for businessmen in Makassar City, especially MSME. Of the 60 MSME who have filled out this research questionnaire, 38 MSME (63.3%) admitted that determining the costs and procedures for obtaining a halal certificate was burdensome/complicated for MSME and 22 other MSME (36.7%) claimed to make it easier.

Effects of mass layoffs on local employment—evidence from geo-referenced data

Abstract Using an event study approach and a novel data set that links administrative information on German establishments with exact distance measures from geo-referenced address data, we analyze the net impact of mass layoffs on local employment. We find that local spillovers significantly attenuate the direct impact of mass layoffs on municipal-level employment. About a quarter of the 1-year direct employment loss due to a mass layoff event is absorbed within the same municipality. Local spillovers are especially pronounced very close to the mass layoff site; the majority of the absorption is concentrated within a 1000-m radius. There is little evidence of spillovers beyond the affected municipality.

How I Learned to Stop Worrying about Heavy Metal and Love Labor Journalism

How I Learned to Stop Worrying about Heavy Metal and Love Labor Journalism

Economic Hardship and Violence: A Comparison of County-Level Economic Measures in the Prediction of Violence-Related Injury.

Economic hardship may lead to a wide range of negative outcomes, including violence. However, existing literature on economic hardship and violence is limited by reliance on official reports of violence and conflation of different measures of economic hardship. The goals of this study are to measure how violence-related injuries are associated with five measures of county-level economic shocks: unemployment rate, male mass layoffs, female mass layoffs, foreclosure rate, and unemployment rate change, measured cross-sectionally and by a 1-year lag. This study measures three subtypes of violence outcomes (child abuse, elder abuse, and intimate partner violence). Yearly county-level data were obtained on violence-related injuries and economic measures from 2005 to 2012 for all 87 counties in Minnesota. Negative binomial models were run regressing the case counts of each violence outcome at the county-year level on each economic indicator modeled individually, with population denominator offsets to yield incidence rate ratios. Crude models were run first, then county-level socio-demographic variables and year were added to each model, and finally fully-adjusted models were run including all socio-demographic variables plus all economic indicators simultaneously. In the fully-adjusted models, a county's higher foreclosure rate is the strongest and most consistently associated with an increase in all violence subtypes. Unemployment rate is the second strongest and most consistent economic risk factor for all violence subtypes. Lastly, there appears to be an impact of gender specific to economic impacts on child abuse; specifically, male mass-lay-offs were associated with increased rates while female mass-lay-offs were associated with decreased rates. Understanding the associations of different types of economic hardship with a range of violence outcomes can aid in developing more holistic prevention and intervention efforts.