Massive Kaluza-Klein Research Articles

U(1) gauge vector field on a codimension-2 brane

In this paper, we obtain a gauge invariant effective action for a bulk massless U(1) gauge vector field on a brane with codimension two by using a general Kaluza-Klein (KK) decomposition for the field. It suggests that there exist two types of scalar KK modes to keep the gauge invariance of the action for the massive vector KK modes. Both the vector and scalar KK modes can be massive. The masses of the vector KK modes m(n) contain two parts, m1( n) and m2( n), due to the existence of the two extra dimensions. The masses of the two types of scalar KK modes mϕ( n) and mφ( n) are related to the vector ones, i.e., mϕ( n) = m1( n) and mφ( n) = m2( n). Moreover, we derive two Schrödinger-like equations for the vector KK modes, for which the effective potentials are just the functions of the warp factor.

Four-dimensional black hole entropy from F-theory

We study the central charges and levels of a two-dimensional N = (0, 4) superconformal field theory describing four-dimensional BPS black holes in F-theory. These arise from D3-branes wrapping a curve in the base of an elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau threefold times a circle, and probe a transverse Taub-NUT space. The near horizon geometry of these D3-branes is AdS3 × S3/ℤm, where m is the NUT charge. Starting from a six-dimensional supergravity effective action we compute three-dimensional Chern-Simons terms to deduce the central charges and levels. We find that it is crucial to integrate out an infinite tower of massive Kaluza-Klein states on S3/ℤm to match the expected microscopic results. The induced corrections turn out to contribute at leading order to the central charges and levels, which in turn determine the black hole entropy.

Localization of gravitino field on f(R)-thick branes

In this paper, we consider the localization of a five-dimensional gravitino field on $f(R)$-thick branes. We obtain the coupled chiral equations of the Kaluza-Klein (KK) modes of gravitinos with the gauge condition $\Psi_z=0$. The chiral equations of a gravitino's KK modes are found to be almost identical to those of the Dirac fermion. However, their chiralities are exactly opposite. The chiral KK modes of gravitinos could be localized in some types of $f(R)$-thick branes on introducing a coupling term. We investigate the localization of a gravitino on three types of $f(R)$-thick branes through a Yukawa-like coupling term with background scalar fields. It has been shown that all the KK modes of gravitinos cannot be localized in the pure geometric $f(R)$-thick branes by adding a five-dimensional gravitino mass term. However, for the $f(R)$-thick branes generated by one or two background scalar fields, only the left- or right-handed zero mode could be localized in the branes, and the massive KK resonant modes are the same for both left- and right-handed gravitinos despite their opposing chiralities. All these results are consistent with those of the five-dimensional Dirac fermion except their chiralities, which may be an important sign to distinguish the gravitino field and the Dirac fermion field.

Perturbing AdS6 \xd7wS4: linearised equations and spin-2 spectrum

We initiate the analysis of the Kaluza-Klein mass spectrum of massive IIA supergravity on the warped AdS6 ×wS4 background, by deriving the linearised equations of motion of bosonic and fermionic fluctuations, and determining the mass spectrum of those of spin-2. The spin-2 modes are given in terms of hypergeometric functions and a careful analysis of their boundary conditions uncovers the existence of two branches of mass spectra, bounded from below. The modes that saturate the bounds belong to short multiplets which we identify in the representation theory of the mathfrak{f}(4) symmetry superalgebra of the AdS6 ×wS4 solution.

Differential cross sections in a thick brane world scenario

The elastic differential cross section is calculated at low energies for the elements He and Ne using an effective 4D electromagnetic potential coming from the contribution of the massive Kaluza-Klein modes of the 5D vector field in a thick brane scenario. The length scale is adjusted in the potential to compare with known experimental data and to set bounds for the parameter of the model.

Radiative corrections to masses and couplings in universal extra dimensions

Models with an orbifolded universal extra dimension receive important loop-induced corrections to the masses and couplings of Kaluza-Klein (KK) particles. The dominant contributions stem from so-called boundary terms which violate KK number. Previously, only the parts of these boundary terms proportional to ln(ΛR) have been computed, where R is the radius of the extra dimension and Λ is cut-off scale. However, for typical values of ΛR ∼ 10 · · · 50, the logarithms are not particularly large and non-logarithmic contributions may be numerically important. In this paper, these remaining finite terms are computed and their phenomenological impact is discussed. It is shown that the finite terms have a significant impact on the KK mass spectrum. Furthermore, one finds new KK-number violating interactions that do not depend on ln(ΛR) but nevertheless are non-zero. These lead to new production and decay channels for level-2 KK particles at colliders.

Electroweak symmetry breaking and mass spectra in six-dimensional gauge–Higgs grand unification

The mass spectra of the standard model particles are reproduced in the $SO(11)$ gauge-Higgs grand unification in the six-dimensional warped space without introducing exotic light fermions. Light neutrino masses are explained by the gauge-Higgs seesaw mechanism. We evaluate the effective potential of the 4d Higgs boson appearing as a fluctuation mode of the Aharonov-Bohm phase $\theta_H$ in the extra-dimensioal space, and show that the dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking takes place with the Higgs boson mass $m_H \sim 125\,$GeV and $\theta_H \sim 0.1$. The Kaluza-Klein mass scale in the fifth dimension is approximately given by $m_{\rm KK} \sim 1.230\,{\rm TeV}/\sin \theta_H$.

Localization of gravitino field on branes

In this paper, we investigate the localization of a bulk gravitino field on the scalar-tensor branes and compare the result with that in the Randall–Sundrum-1 (RS1) model. The coupled chiral equations for the Kaluza–Klein (KK) modes of the gravitino field are obtained by fixing the gauge Ψ5=0 and using the chiral KK decompositions. It is shown that, in the RS1 model for the left- and right-handed zero modes of the gravitino field, only one of them can be localized near one brane. For the massive modes, both chiral modes survive and the lower KK modes are localized near the IR brane from the four-dimensional physical coordinate point of view. However, for the scalar-tensor brane model, the localization of the gravitino chiral zero modes depends on the coupling parameter λ, and they will be not localized around anyone brane within a certain range of the parameter λ, which is quite different from the RS1 model. Furthermore, we also give the corresponding mass spectra of the massive KK gravitinos in the scalar-tensor model.

Fermion localization in a backreacted warped spacetime

We consider a five dimensional AdS warped spacetime in presence of a massive scalar field in the bulk. The scalar field potential fulfills the requirement of modulus stabilization even when the effect of backreaction of the stabilizing field is taken into account. In such a scenario, we explore the role of backreaction on the localization of bulk fermions which in turn determines the effective radion-fermion coupling on the brane. Our result reveals that both the chiral modes of the zeroth Kaluza-Klein (KK) fermions get localized near TeV brane as the backreaction of the scalar field increases. We also show that the profile of massive KK fermions shifts towards the Planck brane with increasing backreaction parameter.

Signatures of extra dimensions in gravitational waves

Considering gravitational waves propagating on the most general 4+N-dimensional space-time, we investigate the effects due to the N extra dimensions on the four-dimensional waves. All wave equations are derived in general and discussed. On Minkowski4 times an arbitrary Ricci-flat compact manifold, we find: a massless wave with an additional polarization, the breathing mode, and extra waves with high frequencies fixed by Kaluza-Klein masses. We discuss whether these two effects could be observed.

Exotic Elko on string-like defects in six dimensions

We analyse the trapping of eigenspinors of the charge conjugation operator with dual helicity (Elko), in thin and thick string-like models with codimension-2. Elko spinor fields describe mass-dimension-one fermions in four dimensions (and, correspondingly, mass-dimension-two fermions in six dimensions), that represent natural dark-matter prime candidates. This dark spinor has many applications, from particle physics to cosmology. On the other hand, six-dimensional brane-world models have, among other prominent features, the spontaneous confinement of free spin-1 fields and a mechanism that explains the mass hierarchy of fundamental fermions. In this paper, we use scalar couplings in order to confine the zero mode of Elko in six dimensions. Moreover, we use the Elko dark-spinor features to propose an exotic coupling in order to remove the complex-valued terms in the massive Kaluza-Klein modes. Hence, we show that six-dimensional models can resolve the main issues of Elko fields confinement presented in five dimensions.

Large extra dimensions at the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment

We investigate the potential of the long-baseline Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) to study large-extra-dimension (LED) models originally proposed to explain the smallness of neutrino masses by postulating that right-handed neutrinos, unlike all standard model fermion fields, can propagate in the bulk. The massive Kaluza-Klein (KK) modes of the right-handed neutrino fields modify the neutrino oscillation probabilities and can hence affect their propagation. We show that, as far as DUNE is concerned, the LED model is indistinguishable from a $(3 + 3N)$-neutrino framework for modest values of $N$; $N$ = 1 is usually a very good approximation. Nonetheless, there are no new sources of $CP$-invariance violation other than one $CP$-odd phase that can be easily mapped onto the $CP$-odd phase in the standard three-neutrino paradigm. We analyze the sensitivity of DUNE to the LED framework, and explore the capability of DUNE to differentiate the LED model from the three-neutrino scenario and from a generic $(3 + 1)$-neutrino model.

De Sitter thin brane model

We discuss the large mass hierarchy problem in a braneworld model which represents our acceleratively expanding universe. The Randall-Sundrum (RS) model with warped one extra dimension added to flat 4-dimensional space-time cannot describe our expanding universe. Here, we study instead the de Sitter thin brane model. This is described by the same action as that for the RS model, but the 4-dimensional space-time on the branes is $\rm dS_4$. We study the model for both the cases of positive 5-dimensional cosmological constant $\Lambda_5$ and negative one. In the positive $\Lambda_5$ case, the 4-dimensional large hierarchy necessitates a 5-dimensional large hierarchy, and we cannot get a natural explanation. On the other hand, in the negative $\Lambda_5$ case, the large hierarchy is naturally realized in the 5-dimensional theory in the same manner as in the RS model. Moreover, another large hierarchy between the Hubble parameter and the Planck scale is realized by the ${\mathcal O}(10^2)$ hierarchy of the 5-dimensional quantities. Finally, we find that the lightest mass of the massive Kaluza-Klein modes and the intervals of the mass spectrum are of order $10^2\,\rm GeV$, which are the same as in the RS case and do not depend on the value of the Hubble parameter.

Diphoton resonance from a warped extra dimension

We argue that extensions of the Standard Model (SM) with a warped extra dimension, which successfully address the hierarchy and flavor problems of elementary particle physics, can provide an elegant explanation of the 750 GeV diphoton excess recently reported by ATLAS and CMS. A gauge-singlet bulk scalar with ${\cal O}(1)$ couplings to fermions is identified as the new resonance $S$, and the vector-like Kaluza-Klein excitations of the SM quarks and leptons mediate its loop-induced couplings to photons and gluons. The electroweak gauge symmetry almost unambiguously dictates the bulk matter content and hence the hierarchies of the $S\to \gamma\gamma$, $WW$, $ZZ$, $Z\gamma$, $t\bar t$ and dijet decay rates. We find that the $S\to Z\gamma$ decay mode is strongly suppressed, such that $\mbox{Br}(S\to Z\gamma)/\mbox{Br}(S\to\gamma\gamma)<0.1$. The hierarchy problem for the new scalar boson is solved in analogy with the Higgs boson by localizing it near the infrared brane. The infinite sums over the Kaluza-Klein towers of fermion states are finite and can be calculated in closed form with a remarkably simple result. Reproducing the observed $pp\to S\to\gamma\gamma$ signal requires Kaluza-Klein masses in the multi-TeV range, consistent with bounds from flavor physics and electroweak precision observables. Useful side products of our analysis, which can be adapted to almost any model for the diphoton resonance, are the calculation of the gluon-fusion production cross section $\sigma(pp\to S)$ at NNLO in QCD, an exact expression for the inclusive $S\to gg$ decay rate at N$^3$LO, a study of the $S\to t\bar t h$ three-body decay and a phenomenological analysis of portal couplings connecting $S$ with the Higgs field.

Excursions through KK modes

In this article we study Kaluza-Klein (KK) dimensional reduction of massive Abelian gauge theories with charged matter fields on a circle. Since local gauge transformations change position dependence of the charged fields, the decomposition of the charged matter fields into KK modes is gauge dependent. While whole KK mass spectrum is independent of the gauge choice, the mode number depends on the gauge. The masses of the KK modes also depend on the field value of the zero-mode of the extra dimensional component of the gauge field. In particular, one of the KK modes in the KK tower of each massless 5D charged field becomes massless at particular values of the extra-dimensional component of the gauge field. When the extra-dimensional component of the gauge field is identified with the inflaton, this structure leads to recursive cosmological particle productions.

Bulk Randall-Sundrum models, electroweak precision tests, and the 125 GeV Higgs

We present upto date electroweak fits of various Randall Sundrum (RS) models. We consider the bulk RS model, deformed RS and the custodial RS models. For the bulk RS case we find the lightest Kaluza Klein (KK) mode of the gauge boson to be $\sim 8$ TeV while for the custodial case it is $\sim 3$ TeV. The deformed model is the least fine tuned of all which can give a good fit for KK masses $< 2$ TeV depending on the choice of the model parameters. We also comment on the fine tuning in each case.

Localization and mass spectrum of q -form fields on branes

In this paper, we investigate localization of a bulk massless q-form field on codimension-one brane by using a new Kaluza-Klein (KK) decomposition, for which there are two types of KK modes for the bulk q-form field, the q-form and (q-1)-form modes. The first modes may be massive or massless while the second ones are all masselss. These two types fo KK modes satisfy twy Schrodinger-like equations. For a five-dimensional brane model with a finite dimension, the spectrum of a bulk 3-form field on the brane consists of some massive bound 3-form KK modes as well as some massless bound 2-form ones with different configuration along the extra dimension. These 2-form modes are different form those obtained from a bulk 2-form field. For a five-dimensional degenerated Bloch brane model with an infinite extra dimension, some massive 3-form resonant KK modes and corresponding massless 2-form resonant ones are obtained for a bulk 3-form field.

Resonances of Spin-1/2 Fermions in Eddington-Inspired Born-Infeld Gravity**Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 11075065, the Huo Ying-Dong Education Foundation of Chinese Ministry of Education under Grant No. 121106 and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No. lzujbky-2014-31

We investigate the fermionic resonances for both chiralities in five-dimensional Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld (EiBI) theory. In order to localize fermion on the brane, it needs to be considered the Yukawa coupling between the fermion and the background scalar field. In our models, since the background scalar field has kink, double kink, or anti-kink solution, the system has rich resonant Kaluza–Klein (KK) modes structure. The massive KK fermionic modes feel a volcano potential, which result in a fermionic zero mode and a set of continuous massive KK modes. The inner structure of the branes and a free parameter in background scalar field influence the resonant behaviors of the massive KK fermions.

Higgs-radion phenomenology in stabilized RS models

An important general prediction of stabilized brane world models is the existence of a bulk scalar radion field, whose lowest Kaluza-Klein (KK) mode is the scalar particle called the radion. This field comes from the fluctuations of the metric in the extra dimension and the radion mass can be smaller than that of all the massive KK modes of the other particles propagating in the multidimensional bulk. Due to its origin, the radion and its KK tower couple to the trace of the energy-momentum tensor of the Standard Model. These fields have the same quantum numbers as the neutral Higgs field and can mix with the latter, if they are coupled. We present a short review of some aspects of Higgs-radion phenomenology in stabilized brane-world models. In particular, we discuss the possibility of explaining the 750 GeV excess by the production of a radion-dominated state.

Localization and quasilocalization of a spin-1/2fermion field on a two-field thick braneworld

Localization of a spin-$1/2$ fermion on the braneworld is an important and interesting problem. It is well known that a five-dimensional free massless fermion $\Psi$ minimally coupled to gravity cannot be localized on the Randall-Sundrum braneworld. In order to trap such a fermion, the coupling between the fermion and bulk scalar fields should be introduced. In this paper, localization and quasilocalization of a bulk fermion on the thick braneworld generated by two scalar fields (a kink scalar $\phi$ and a dilaton scalar $\pi$) are investigated. Two types of couplings between the fermion and two scalars are considered. One coupling is the usual Yukawa coupling $-\eta\bar{\Psi}\phi\Psi$ between the fermion and kink scalar, another one is $\lambda\bar{\Psi}\Gamma^{M}\partial_{M}\pi\gamma^{5}\Psi$ between the fermion and dilaton scalar. The left-chiral fermion zero mode can be localized on the brane, and both the left- and right-chiral fermion massive Kaluza-Klein modes may be localized or quasilocalized. Hence the four-dimensional massless left-chiral fermion and massive Dirac fermions, whose lifetime is infinite or finite, can be obtained on the brane.