Mass Reproduction Research Articles

A Study on the Environmentally Collection of Insects

Because of global warming, global temperature such as greenhouse effect is rising every year. Increasing temperature will have a pernicious impact on the reproductive rate, population and habitat of the insects. As the temperature rises, the abundance of algae and plankton creates an optimal environment for the insects to reproduce. Because of the larvae and carcas of midges, micro disk filter in filtration facilities are blocked. The SS treatment efficiency has been reduced by the blocked membrane, which leads to a blurred discharge water, causing difficulties in maintenance of the treatment process. It was treated with pesticides that contain chemicals to prevent mass reproduction, but they have a huge adverse effect on the ecosystem. To solve this problem, an insect collector using 365 nm, UV LED lamps was designed in an environmentally friendly way using the properties of multi-faceted. The effect on the water flow of the filtering facility was using the properties of multi-faceted. The effect on the water flow of the filtering facility was analyzed by capturing and removing insects according to temperature and humidity changes through the installation of insect collector at the T-P treatment facility. The over-replicated carcass were captured using eco-friendly devices without the use of chemicals. The midges captured by device reduced the membrane obstruction of the filtering facility, resulting in a 69% increase in SS removal effciency, and were effective in improving the overall discharge water of the facilities. Key words: Gloal warming, Midge, UV lamp, Insect collector, Collecting method

북한의 역사인물 초상화 연구 - 『위인초상화』 엽서집(평양: 미술출판사, 1957)을 중심으로

The purpose of this study is to investigate North Korea’s perception toward history by examining how portraits of historical figures in North Korea are produced and utilized on the basis of the postcards collection of ‘Portraits of Great Men(1957)’ published by the Misul Chulpansa in Pyongyang. First of all, Recreating ‘the great men’ s has to be performed with the interpretation and historical research on the era in which they lived. Also, the subjects ideas could influence in choosing the figures for the ‘Portraits of Great Men’ among the numerous historical ones. From this point of view, The figures in the ‘Portraits of Great Men’ could be recreation of the ideal figures of the North Korean society as the artwork. <BR> The ‘Portraits of Great Men’ collection is comprised of eight sheets in a set and printed 20,000 sheets. It contains portraits of half-length figures produced by eight artists centering on Sunwoo Dam and other talented artists such as Lee Quede, Jeong Gwan-cheol, Gil Jinseop, Lee Pal-chan, Ryu Hyun-sook, Oh Tae-gyeong and Ra Chan-geun. The portraits on the postcards were very realistically depicted by the strong influence of Pen Varlen(1916-1990). While he was in Pyongyang from 1953 to 1954 , he taught North Korean painters. In addition, the faces were depicted through several discussion with scholars, and the clothes and official hats were completed based on historical research. It appears that it was produced prior to the 3rd Labor Party meeting in 1956. In other words, these portraits were produced based on the materialistic view of history of Marx and Lenin prior to the sectarian strife of August 1956 and the purging of the Russian sect and coastal sect, and they also reflect the perspective of socialist democracy of North Korean historians. The historical figures selected for the ‘Portrait of Great Men explains not only the historical views of the North Korean regime focusing on Goguryeo but also interest on the Silhak(Practical Learning) scholars, who advocated the importance of science and technology and lived in a transition period from the collapse of the feudal society to in the beginning of capitalism.<BR> These portraits of historical figures, ‘Portraits of Great Men’ were published as postcards in 1957 to easy to carry as well as to elevate a sense of patriotism and victory. in conclusion, it is an attempt for the people to quickly overcome the ruins of war. The other reason to make postcards was convenience for mass reproduction and distribution to be used as a means for exchange with various countries that it had made cultural agreements with at the time. These portraits were not only produced as postcards, but were also used in various events commemorating the historical figures. The ‘Portraits of Great Men’ postcards collection exemplifies how historical figures were changed into visual cultures in the course of constructing North Korean nationalism based on socialist realism in the late 1950s. However, the portraits of these historical figures mostly disappeared from 1967 when the Kim Il-sung totalitarianism went into full swing. From this perspective, this ‘Portraits of Great Men’ postcards collection can be called material that makes it possible to read the changes in historical views, politics and culture of North Korea in the 1950s and 1960s. It is anticipated that this paper will serve as an opportunity to remember that South and North Korea are a single race that share the same history in order to overcome their cultural differences.

PROTECTION OF POTATO CROPS AGAIST PESTS

The Colorado potato beetles and aphids are especially harmful pests for potato crops in the conditions of Kyiv region. So, on the 10th day after mass rebirth of the Colorado potato beetle larvae, potato plants on untreated by insecticide plots were completely destroyed by this phytophagus. Preplanting insecticide treatment of potato tubers provided high effectiveness against the Colorado potato beetle prior to the mass rebirth and development of larvae and reduced their density of population and harmfulness. The highest efficacy (93.2-95.2%) against these pests was noted in variants with Prestige, 290 FS, Emesto Quantum 273.5 FS and Celest Top 312.5 FS.&#x0D; Common scab, dry rot and Rhizoctonia solani were prevailed among the diseases of potato tubers. The greatest effectiveness against the common scab was provided by Prestige, 290 FS. Thus, the infestation of potato tubers by common scab in the variant with application of the Prestige, 290 FS was almost twice lower compared to control. Preparation Celest Top 312.5 FS provided a reduction of dry rot in almost 3 times, and Emesto Quantum 273.5 FS leads to reduction of infestation by Rhizoctonia solani in 4 times, respectively. The treatment of tubers is a reliable protection of potato plants against damage by the Colorado potato beetles and lesion diseases, that made it possible to obtain tuber yields at a level of 24.4-27.4 t per ha.&#x0D; However, preplanting treatment of planting material with insecticides is not always able to provide the protection of potato seedlings against damage by Colorado beetles. The mass reproduction of these pests occurs after planting of tubers and emerging of stalks at high air temperatures. Therefore, it is necessary to provide additionally spraying of plants. Typically, the insecticides used in recommended rates have a long period of protective action, which eliminates the need for further treatments on vegetative plants. The anti-resistant effect of this treatment is associated with the use of the neonicotinoids class insecticides (eg, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin), that have different mechanism of action compared to pyrethroids. Under such conditions, it is important to search, investigate and introduce modern, effective insecticides into agricultural production. For this purpose the research on the preparations from separate classes of chemical compounds with various toxic properties was conducted.&#x0D; The most effective against the larvae of Colorado potato beetles were insecticides Confidor, 20% SC, Calypso, 48% SC and Engeo 24.7% SC when spraying potato plantings. Duration of their protection was prolonged for two weeks after the application of insecticides. The maximum technical efficiency was reached as 99.5% (Confidor, 20% SC), 99.2% (Calypso, 48% SC) and 99.3% (Engeo 24.7% SC) on the third day after application. Other insecticides such as Mospilan, 20% SP and Actara, 24% WG (96.2-97.0%) provided somewhat lower the mortality rate of these phytophages.&#x0D; The highest and prolonged effect against aphids was obtained by spraying potato plantings with the preparations Engeo 24.7% SC and Confidor, 20% SC, the efficiency of which reached 98.2% and 93.1%, that decreased the number of aphids in almost 60 times, compared with the control. Spraying potato plantings with insecticides according to the recommended rates of application allows obtaining the yield of tubers at the level of 25,6-28,2 t per ha.&#x0D; &#x0D;

Особливості формувань популяції совки озимої Agrotis segetum Schiff. у польових сівозмінах Лісостепу України

Особливості формувань популяції совки озимої Agrotis segetum Schiff. у польових сівозмінах Лісостепу України

Peculiarities of morphogenesis of the endangered species of wilow (Salix spp.) in vitro

Conservation and reproduction of rare genotypes of Salix L. species, in particular the blunt-leaved willow (Salix retusa L.) and Jacquin’s Willow (Salix alpina Scop.) that are listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine in the status of rare and endangered species, is one of the urgent tasks of the present. The aim of research was to develop methods of introduction of S. retusa and S. alpina into in vitro culture for their mass reproduction and conservation. The plant material was cultivated on a culture medium prescribed by MS, WPM, and DKW with the addition of growth regulators according to the conventional method. Effective sterilization (over 80%) of explants of S. retusa and S. alpina was achieved by applying a stepwise method, which consisted of consistently maintaining them in solutions 0.1% HgCl2 and 1.0% AgNO3 for 5–6 min. Significant results in the regeneration of explants by activating the growth of available meristems in vitro were observed on MS with the addition of 0.25–0.5 mg/l 6-(Furfurylaminopurine, kinetin) and 2 g/l activated carbon. Our further research will serve as a base for developing microclonal propagation of S. retusa and S. alpina for their conservation and reproduction in vitro.

Ecological State of Aquatic Ecosystems of Ukraine Using the Dnipro River as an Example

Main causes of deterioration of the quality of the surface waters in Ukraine: the changes in hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics associated with flow over-regulation and increasing anthropogenic pollution, and, as a result, a change in the species composition of hydrobionts, are studied using the Dnipro river as an example. Analyzed are the factors which lead to the degrading quality of natural waters as a result of the mass reproduction of unicellular algae (algal blooms), primarily blue-green ones, which reduce the concentration of dissolved oxygen and cause mass mortality of aquatic animals, especially in winter.

Биоэкологические особенности богарного пруса (Сalliptamus turanicus Tarb.)

The article presents the centers of mass reproduction and aerial of the Turanian Prus in Central Asia and certain camps and established the reason for the mass reproduction of this species in Uzbekistan.

The Ecological Risk Assessment of Bullacta Exarata Invasion in the Yellow River Delta

In recent years, the rapid economic development as well as the increase in people entering and exiting help to promote the introduction of alien species. Risk evaluation of alien species is the basis of developing risk management of alien species and one the most effective method to prevent the intrusion of alien species. Ecological risk of alien species Bullacta exarata in Yellow River Delta was evaluated by this article. The result shows that Bullacta exarata has certain effects on ecological environment in Yellow River Delta, but these effects are acceptable. However, we need to be cautious in development and also prevent significant effects of mass reproduction of mud snail on the local ecological environment.

Ефективність використання світлодіодів для клонального мікророзмноження батату та м’яти перцевої в культурі in vitro

The purpose. To determine efficiency of application of state-of-the-art LED-systems for clonal microreproduction in crop in vitro of individually selected, with high biochemical parameters of clones of sweet potato and peppermint. Methods. Methods of cultures of organs and tissues — culture of somatic tissues and cells, clonal microreproduction, measuring-weight, mathematical-statistical. Results. At use of light-emitting diode lamps of red and dark blue colors in tubed plants they observed increase of average length of shoot: for peppermint — on 31,2%, for sweet potato — on 10,6 % in comparison with control alternative (cultivation under luminescent lamps). The maximum multiplication ratio of peppermint has provided genotype M.r-17/4 — 7,5±0,6 pieces (control) and 7,9±0,6 pieces — cultivation under LED-lamps. At plants of sweet potato cultivated under light-emitting diode lamps owing to augmentation of length of internodes from 5,2 mm (control) to 6,7 mm the multiplication ratio has increased from 5,5 (control) to 5,8 pieces. Application of light-emitting diode lamps of red and dark blue colors for tubed clones of peppermint and sweet potato has provided tall multiplication ratio of perspective for selection and seeds growing of genotypes of well crops. Spectral make-up of light-emitting diodes according to biological features of crop and stage of morphogenesis requires the further optimization. Conclusions. Use of light-emitting diode lamps of red and dark blue colors placed on light-emitting diode tape in combination 2 1, provides necessary illuminance for growth of plants of tubed clones of peppermint and sweet potato at the stage of their mass reproduction and reduces expenses for the electric power for 62,5 %.

Wandering of mass reproduction of harmful insects within the natural habitat

Wandering of mass reproduction of harmful insects within the natural habitat

Anxieties over technology in Yugoslav interwar music criticism: Stanislav Vinaver in dialogue with Walter Benjamin

In Paris in late 1935, the exiled German-Jewish philosopher Walter Benjamin completed the first version of his well-known 'artwork essay', The Work of Art in the Age of Its Technological Reproducibility. In that essay, Benjamin famously welcomed the loss of 'aura' in art, the mystique, quasi-religious quality of unique, original, authentic, and aesthetically autonomous works of art, due to the advent of mass reproduction of artworks on an industrial scale, especially in the new arts of photography and cinema, rendering many of those quasi-religious qualities of 'auratic' art obsolete. Benjamin welcomed this in accordance with his leftist, anti-fascist political agenda, hoping that the loss of 'aura' would open art to politicization, communism's (or, at any rate, Benjamin's) response to fascism's aestheticisation of politics. That same year, 1935, in Belgrade, the capital of what was then the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the Serbian-Jewish poet, intellectual, and literary and music critic Stanislav Vinaver wrote an essay titled Mehanička muzika (Mechanical Music). In his essay, Vinaver focused on the advent of technical reproduction in and its effects on music, an art largely ignored by Benjamin. Unlike his more famous contemporary, Vinaver was alarmed by the new technologies of radio and the gramophone record and their perceived negative impact not only on traditional music, performed live on traditional, acoustic instruments, but on organic life in general, replacing it with a mechanical surrogate carried by the waves of a dehumanizing technology. Vinaver's views were probably shaped by his passionate championing of modernism in Serbian and Yugoslav literature and music alike, which is evident not only in Mehanička muzika, but also in his criticism in general. Two more important factors may have also been the influence of the French philosopher Henri Bergson, Vinaver's one-time professor at the Sorbonne, and his valorisation of intuition in thought and artistic creativity, as well as Vinaver's somewhat nostalgic view of music as the only true and self-referential art, a view reminiscent of the re-conception of music in the early German Romantics such as E. T. A. Hoffmann, F. W. J. Schelling, and Arthur Schopenhauer, later taken up and elaborated by such disparate figures as the German music theorist Eduard Hanslick, English essayist Walter Pater, and Vinaver's own modernist hero Arnold Schönberg. Ironically, although Vinaver shared much of Benjamin's leftist politics, he did not see such a positive potential in the mechanical reproduction of music, but, perhaps, only another sign of humanity's headlong March toward self-destruction in a total war, on the wings of an aestheticised technology and instrumental reason run amok, no longer serving humanity but turning against it.

Continuous Model for the Devastating Oscillation Dynamics of Local Forest Pest Populations in Canada*

A sharp and prolonged change in developing population processes requires mathematical methods to be improved. Unusual phase changes in the development of mass reproduction of insect species stipulated the idea to develop a new model in which not the final form of an asymptotically stable state after bifurcations but transient modes are of importance. In concrete situations, it is proposed to consider the phenomena, which are identified with population outbreaks (non-stationary heterogeneous processes) in environmental studies, within the context of a long oscillatory mode only as peaks of the phases of sharp nonharmonic oscillations. The proposed new dynamic model in the form of a differential equation describes a decreasing pseudoperiodic damping trajectory of sudden sharp oscillations that implement a non-bifurcation scenario of spontaneous completion for a particular variant of mass forest pest reproduction. Situations in two provinces of eastern Canada are considered as examples.

Perspective Technologies of Isolated Tissue Culture in the Sugar Beet Breeding Process

The methods of isolated tissue cultures allowing production and rapid propagation of the sugar beet plant material with improved or new traits are described in the presented study. It was shown that the proposed original scheme of mass reproduction and in vitro deposition of elite plants—components of highly productive hybrids—can be used for the production of seeds with improved quality. The technology of in vitro selective selections carried out under abiotic stress conditions allows for the production of sugar beet isogenic lines with high resistance to external environment abiotic factors (salinization, drought, soil acidity). The effect of certain factors of in vitro culture on haploid cells of sugar beet ovules allowed production of doubled haploid lines (DH) with high homozygosity level and qualitative seeds of highly productive hybrid components. The developed technologies based on biotechnological methods are a preferred and innovative direction of research in modern science, since the introduction of these developments in the breeding process will contribute to the production of competitive hybrids with a set of desired economic traits.

Дендрофаги лесомелиоративных комплексов с участием древесных интродуцентов в условиях засушливой зоны

The problem of optimization of ecological conditions of urbanized and agricultural areas of the arid zone is especially urgent nowadays. Severe forest conditions make it necessary to optimize the environment due to the protective plantations of different types and ecological categories. The use of woody plants unusual for a given area as part of multifunctional stands is one of the main methods for increasing the ecological capacity of the territory, changing the structure and population of insects. The study was conducted in Volgograd, Samara and Rostov regions. By the degree of biotic potential accumulation among the trees adapted in the arid region, plants of the Ulmaceae, Rosaceae and Fabaceae families are distinguished. The introduction of woody vegetation into new territories is also accompanied by the penetration of alien species of pests. Currently, among the phyllophages of woody plants used in landscaping various landscapes, there are invader insects. In urban areas, these species are particularly closely associated with Robinia pseudoacacia L. The most numerous as part of the pests of assimilation apparatus of this plant are Obolodiplosis robiniae (Haldeman, 1847) and Nematus tibialis (Neuman, 1837). Dissemination of Robinia by these insects in the protective forest plantations varies greatly. In the roadside forest plantations and the agroforest plantations in the composition of dendroflora the species of the family Ulmaceae are predominant. Among the invasive species that appeared in them is Aproceros leucopoda (Takeuchi, 1939); in these stands, it almost completely destroys the elm foliage. In the crowns of trees of recreational landscaping, single individuals of this species are found. Among the dendrophages of the stands of urbanized and forest-agrarian landscapes, open-living leaf-eating insects giving outbreaks of mass reproduction (Xanthogaleruca luteola, Dicranura ulmi, Cladius ulmi, Aproceros leucopoda) stand out. Wide spread and increase in the number is observed in Obolodiplosis robiniae and Fenusa ulmi.

Gcd Gene Diversity of Quinoprotein Glucose Dehydrogenase in the Sediment of Sancha Lake and Its Response to the Environment.

Quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) is the most important enzyme of inorganic phosphorus-dissolving metabolism, catalyzing the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid. The insoluble phosphate in the sediment is converted into soluble phosphate, facilitating mass reproduction of algae. Therefore, studying the diversity of gcd genes which encode GDH is beneficial to reveal the microbial group that has a significant influence on the eutrophication of water. Taking the eutrophic Sancha Lake sediments as the research object, we acquired samples from six sites in the spring and autumn. A total of 219,778 high-quality sequences were obtained by DNA extraction of microbial groups in sediments, PCR amplification of the gcd gene, and high-throughput sequencing. Six phyla, nine classes, 15 orders, 29 families, 46 genera, and 610 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were determined, suggesting the high genetic diversity of gcd. Gcd genes came mainly from the genera of Rhizobium (1.63–77.99%), Ensifer (0.13–56.95%), Shinella (0.32–25.49%), and Sinorhizobium (0.16–11.88%) in the phylum of Proteobacteria (25.10–98.85%). The abundance of these dominant gcd-harboring bacteria was higher in the spring than in autumn, suggesting that they have an important effect on the eutrophication of the Sancha Lake. The alpha and beta diversity of gcd genes presented spatial and temporal differences due to different sampling site types and sampling seasons. Pearson correlation analysis and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) showed that the diversity and abundance of gcd genes were significantly correlated with environmental factors such as dissolved oxygen (DO), phosphorus hydrochloride (HCl–P), and dissolved total phosphorus (DTP). OTU composition was significantly correlated with DO, total organic carbon (TOC), and DTP. GDH encoded by gcd genes transformed insoluble phosphate into dissolved phosphate, resulting in the eutrophication of Sancha Lake. The results suggest that gcd genes encoding GDH may play an important role in lake eutrophication.

Вирощування садивного матеріалу Salix L. in vitro

Today’s alternative to traditional methods of plant reproduction is a cultivation in terms of in vitro, which enables to obtain the required amount of genetically homogeneous well-groomed seedlings throughout the year regardless of the growing season. In the plantation cultivation of species of Salix L genus to obtain plant biomass on pellets, the development and improvement of methods of microclonal reproduction of species and cultivars of this genus are prospective and relevant. Therefore, the aim of the research is to develop the methods for storage and long-term maintenance in the in vitro collection and rapid reproduction in the industrial volumes of the planting stock of S. viminalis L. and ‘Inger’ (S. viminalis × S. triandra L.). Methods. The explants had been cultivated according to the generally accepted method in a nutritious and nonhormonal in vitro, using the medium of Murashige and Skoog in their own modifications with changes in the amount of benzylaminopurine, Fe-chelate and activated carbon. The analysis of the obtained results was carried out by statistical methods. Results. The obtained results showed that while insertion of the hybrid cultivars ‘Inger’ to in vitro S. viminalis, sterilization should be done by adding Plant Preservative Mixture decontaminant in vitro. Intensive root formation and maximum reproduction factor for S. viminalis are 4,4, and for its cultivar ‘Inger’ is 6,2 with the concentration of 0,2 mg/l benzylaminopurine. Based on the obtained results, modification changes to the medium of Murashige and Skoog’s in vitro are required in order to receive a healthy planting stock. At the stage of reproduction it is necessary to add 0,2 mg/l of benzylaminopurine, 1,0 mg/l of AgNO3 to in vitro, and increase the content of Fe-chelate to 41,67 mg/l. At the root formation stage it is necessary to add 1,0 mg/l of AgNO3 , 1,0 g/l of activated carbon and 0,2–0,5 mg/l of indolyl butyric acid. Conclusions. To sum up, it is possible to achieve the mass reproduction of S. viminalis and its hybrid ‘Inger’ for the energy plantations creation in short term by using the Plant Preservative Mixture decontaminant, the hormone benzylaminopurine and the modifying changes to the medium of Murashige and Skoog’s in vitro.

Newly generated ritual in the age of digital technology

Abstract This study aims at re-constructing the philosopher Walter Benjamin’s celebrated contention from his 1936 article, ‘The work of art in the age of mechanical reproduction’, regarding the disappearance of aura and ritual within widely replicated artworks. By introducing artworks that circulate within virtual space, I will demonstrate how, in the era of digital technology, numerous examples show us that mass reproduction helps aura to exist; leads to the creation of new ritual phenomena; and both recuperates and transforms the idea of the ‘disappearance’ of rituals. In this article, transformation of these newly generated rituals appears via the generation of online fan fiction. First, the article details rituals created by the character, Spock, in the television series, Star Trek (Roddenberry, 1966–69), followed by the phenomenon of 1990s Korean popular culture, fan fiction. In addition, the scope expands to include an example of ‘after school programs’ incorporating K-pop, allowing digital spaces to produce and foster new forms of ritual via online artworks. This article references sociocultural examples from film and aura in American television, and then highlights two Korean fan communities to suggest an extended interpretation of Benjamin’s ideas to include artworks circulating in digital environments.

Теоретичні аспекти впливу систем землеробства на формування ентомокомплексів агробіоценозів Лісостепу України

In this paper, we analyzed the ecology and development of various types of pests, how they multiply in the latest crop rotations in modern farming systems. The species composition of insect-phytophages of agrobiocenosis of winter wheat in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine was also clarified. It should be emphasized that a close relationship was also established between the levels of productivity and heat supply of plants and the main pest phytophages in the forest-steppe zone. The study revealed the features of biology and ecology of pests of stalks and the root system of winter wheat, as well as separate mechanisms of formation of entomocomplexes in agrocenoses, depending on the number of soil, intra-stem phytophages and colossus pests. We analyzed the distribution and harmfulness of the phytophagous insect population in modern agrocenoses. Special attention in the development and implementation of integrated methods for the control of winter wheat pests deserves a forecast, in particular, to determine the expected grain losses in modern crop rotations of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The culture of farming is disturbed in places, in particular, short-crop rotation is introduced, and monocultures are grown. Such violations of traditional, scientifically grounded crop rotations lead to unpredictable consequences, and promote the mass reproduction of specialized and 2 other species of pests and damage to them up to 40% of cereals, which significantly affects the reduction of gross fees and the deterioration of the quality of the crop. At the same time, special importance is attached to the highly effective application of the latest technologies for monitoring phytophages and progressive systems for protecting crops from pests. The analysis of the effectiveness of modern monitoring of the pest complex under new winter wheat protection systems was carried out. On the stairs of wheat found cereal flies, aphids and other pests. The main ecological and biological features of the formation of the entomocomplex of winter wheat emergence are determined. Features of monitoring and control of harmful insect species on winter wheat crops in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are highlighted. The analysis of the effectiveness of modeling the number of harmful and useful species of insects on the resource-saving protection systems of winter wheat. Specific features of biology and ecology of pests of stems and root system of wheat winter in the region of research are specified. The features of the formation of the entomocomplex in agrocenoses vary according to certain indices, in particular, the numbers of soil and intestinal phytophages, taking into account the radius of their daily movement. For effective management of crop production, it is actual to determine the total need of pests in the diet with the actual population of species at different stages of ontogeny of cereals. Application in the production of resource-saving models for calculating the dynamics of phytophages on crops of cereal crops by hydrothermal coefficient at different periods of plant and phytophagous development, which makes it possible to determine the quantitative changes of an individual entomocomplex on crops of grain crops in time 3 and space. In modern systems of agriculture in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the development and introduction of complex methods for controlling winter pests of winter wheat, which determines the expected loss of grain in the fields of crop rotation, is of great importance.

The optimization of modern measures of winter wheat protection from pests in the Forest-Steppe region of Ukraine

The peculiarities of ecology of certain types of pests breeding in field crops are highlighted. The indicators of the influence of a complex of factors on development and mass reproduction of insects under modern agricultural systems are generalized. The species composition of insect phytophages in new crops is specified. More than 20 species of pests were identified that severely damaged this crop according to the results of the monitoring of the wheat entomocomplex. The analysis of influence of temperature, air and soil on the trophic links of phytophages and development and survival of their stages was conducted. A close connection between the level of productivity and the stages of organogenesis of plants with separate stages of development of the main species of phytophages was established. The analysis of efficiency of application of modern monitoring of a complex of pests at new systems of protection of winter wheat has been carried out. Cereal flies, aphids and other pests are found are found on wheat. The basic ecological and biological peculiarities of the formation of the entomocomplex of winter wheat are determined. The peculiarity of monitoring and control of harmful insect species on winter wheat crops in the forest-steppe of Ukraine is highlighted. The analysis of the modeling efficiency of the number of harmful and useful insect for resource-saving systems of winter wheat protection is carried out. The peculiarities of biology and ecology of pests of stem and of the root system of winter wheat in the region of research are specified. The peculiarities of the formation of entomocomplexes in agrocenoses vary according to certain parameters, in particular the number of soil and interstitial phytophages, taking into account the radius of their daily displacement. It is relevant to determine the total demand of pests in feeding at the actual population of individuals at different stages of ontogenesis of grain crops for effective crop management. The application of resource saving models of the calculation of phytophage dynamics on cereal crops by hydrothermal coefficient at different periods of development of plants and phytophages in the production, which allows to determine the quantitative changes of a separate entomocomplex in grain crops in time and space. The development and introduction of integrated methods for the control of winter wheat pests according to modern agricultural systems in the forest-steppe of Ukraine, which determines the expected loss of grain in the crop fields becomes important.

Technology and mechanization of cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke healthier

erusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosum L.) is a promising bioenergy multi-purpose crop. The Jerusalem artichoke is a valuable culture that is a source of inulin, fructose and pectin. Green mass of the Jerusalem artichoke has a high content of complex carbohydrate (fructose, glucose, sucrose, etc.) in the dry weight of the plant contain up to 17% protein with a balanced amino acid composition. Biotechnological methods are firmly established in plant growing practice and are widely used for rapid multiplication and obtaining healthy planting material of many economically important crops. The technology of micro clonal propagation “in vitro” has great importance for the development of seed production of Jerusalem artichoke and obtain sufficient quantity of high quality planting material. Formed innovative scheme of sequential technological process of seed production of Jerusalem artichoke includes the production of original seed material “in vitro” Jerusalem artichoke, mass reproduction by aero hydroponic installations, and the rationale based on research of the technology of growing high-quality seed of Jerusalem artichoke. It was found that at cultivation of minitubers of micro plants in aero hydroponic installation compared to farming by traditional technology, the cost of one minituber decreased by 9.58 RUB.