Mass Reproduction Research Articles

New insights from the Choteč Event (early Middle Devonian) in the Marhouma section (Ougarta range, SW Algeria)

The stratigraphic reference section of the Marhouma area (the so-called km 30 section) in the Ougarta Range (North Western Algerian Sahara) provides valuable insights for the Emsian/Eifelian boundary (Lower/Middle Devonian) around the main lithological facies change expressed between the Teferguenite Chefar el Ahmar Formation. This paper presents new data allowing to better constrain and locate regionally the previously established boundary and to locate the Choteč Bioevent. This revision places the boundary below the new record of Icriodus introlevatus Bultynck, 1970 in Bed 3. The ammonoid assemblages place this boundary either at the base of level 25 sensu Göddertz (1987), without excluding placing it a position several meters lower, above the “niveau coralligène of Le Maître (1952)”. The “Choteč” Bioevent is distinguished within a likely polyphase, stepwise local development: i) a facies change well-expressed by a shift from benthic bioclastic packstones to pelagic wackestones (styliolinites); ii) an increasing deepening (thickest marly interval above level 25, Bed 2); iii) the Icriodus introlevatus wackestone Bed 3; iv) a bloom of goniatites (including Pinacites jugleri (Roemer, 1843) and P. eminens Chlupáč and Turek, 1977) in Bed 4, and finally v) a bloom of micromorphic brachiopods in Bed 5, which reflects monospecific mass reproduction due to increased specific trophic levels. This scenario happened in an alternation of marl-limestone layers with a Zoophycus-Chondrites ichnofossil assemblage, interspersed by greenish claystones and calcareous nodule rich in dacryoconarids. The platy shell bed (Bed 5) represented by micromorphic brachiopods represents the peak phase of Choteč Event Interval ranging locally from Bed 4 to Bed 5, and corresponding to Göddertz's level 27.

Ocular involvement of oak processionary caterpillar hairs: Clinical outcome up to one year.

To evaluate a consecutive series of patients that presented with ocular findings after contact with the oak processionary caterpillar (OPC) during an epidemic reproduction of the OPC in Germany in 2019 and to assess the 1-year outcome of those eyes with persisting OPC hairs in the cornea. Retrospective analysis of 11 eyes (11 patients) that presented in June/July 2019 with acute ocular symptoms after outdoor activity or caterpillar nest removal. Evaluation of patients charts and slit-lamp images up to one year. Assessment of the incidence of patients with OPC-associated ocular complaints in the subsequent years (2020-2023). All patients had conjunctival injection, foreign body sensation, pain, itching and/or burning sensation. In 9/11 eyes, multiple caterpillar hairs could be detected in the superficial and deeper cornea. Hair removal was attempted in 8/9 eyes; in one eye hair removal was impossible due to its deep stromal location (lost-to-follow-up). Entire hair removal was successful in 2/9 eyes, hence, six eyes with persisting hairs within the cornea were followed. Stromal haze developed adjacent to the hairs in all eyes and individual hairs disappeared (n = 4) and/or showed migration within the cornea (n = 3). Until 2023, the number of patients with OPC-associated ocular complaints decreased continuously. Ophthalmologists should be aware of the possibility of caterpillar hairs in patients with acute eye symptoms after outdoor acitivities, especially in early summer; the incidence may fluctuate, though. Hair removal is recommended to avoid possible intraocular migration, still residing hairs did not cause any serious long-term complications in our cohort. What is known Within the late spring and early summer season, mass reproduction of the oak processionary carterpillar (OPC) can lead to an increased number of patients with OPC-related eye complaints (pain, itching and burning sensation) caused by OPC hairs within a very short period of time. Within that season, people should be (more) actively sensitized to avoid trees with OPC hairs, take precautions and avoid eye rubing when having complaints What is new Complete surgical removal of the hairs can be difficult and is often unsuccessful due to their tiny size and often stromal location most possibly resulting from eye rubbing In the longer-term, residing hairs have shown to develop haze adjacent to the hair, migrate within the cornea or disappear/resolve. Since this may go along with an inflammatory reaction, long-term follow-up and topical steroids may be useful.

Tetranychus urticae Koch Biology on Apple Trees

The two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) is a polyphagous arthropod herbivore that consumes over 1,100 plant species from 140 distinct plant families, including those producing harmful chemicals in temperate and tropical climates. It is an important pest in greenhouse and field cultivation, causing damage to various crops such as citrus, apples, grapes, tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, strawberries, maize, and soy. T. urticae ability to spread over agricultural fields and adapt to environmental stressors is linked to its high propensity for mutation, leading to the highest frequency of pesticide resistance among arthropods. The genetic diversity of T. urticae gathered from apple orchards throughout Poland has been studied to investigate potential correlations between molecular variations and the occurrence of resistance to METI-acaricides. Research has shown that an abundance of leaf pubescence on the abaxial leaf surface adversely affects the development of European red mite, two-spotted spider mite, and carmine spider mite. However, due to variations in leaf sizes, tree canopy, tree ages, and the existence of natural enemies, it is impossible to compare data gathered due to variations in leaf sizes, tree canopy, tree ages, and the presence of natural enemies. Pesticide treatments negatively impact fruit plantations' ecosystems, devastating biodiversity, altering the makeup and structure of arthropod populations, and promoting mass reproduction of phytophage mites by displacing certain species with others. The most extensive research has been done on the common spider mite's development of resistance to avermectin group preparations, with some studies showing resistance to multiple acaricides.

Impact and consequences of military actions for nature protection areas and objects of the nature reserve fund within the boundaries of the State Enterprise “Forests of Ukraine” lands

The study analyzed data on the negative impact of military actions on the objects of the nature reserve fund under the management of the State Enterprise “Forests of Ukraine” within the forest offices as of March 1, 2024. The impact of military actions on Nature Reserve Fund (NRF) objects was analyzed according to ten factors. It was established that out of the 9 Forest offices of the State Enterprise “Forests of Ukraine”, the negative impact of military operations on NRF objects was noted in the territory of the Southern, Eastern, Slobozhansky, Northern and Capital forest offices.45 objects of the Nature Reserve Fund, which are located on the lands of forestry purpose, and are in permanent use of the State Enterprise “Forests of Ukraine” with a total area of 36,441.0 hectares, were negatively affected by the military operations. Most often, the territories of the objects of the nature reserve fund were negatively affected by military operations as a result of damage by aerial bombardment and shelling of long-range artillery, missiles, UAVs (37 objects) and the basing of military units (40 objects). The 19 NRF objects were affected by three or more negative factors of military operations, which included explosions of various ammunition, rockets and mines, most often accompanied by bullets and fragments of ammunition that exploded, as well as the fall of downed aircraft and missiles. The construction of engineering fortifications and the uncontrolled felling of trees often accompanied the movement of military equipment.The amount of damage to the objects of the nature reserve fund was calculated for 6 objects of the NRF on the territory of the Southern and Eastern forest offices and totals UAH 817,272.44. For 39 NRF objects, the amount of damages has not yet been calculated due to limited access and the impossibility of conducting relevant surveys and examinations and remains an urgent task.In order to eliminate the consequences of the negative impact of military operations on the NRF objects, it is necessary to calculate the damage caused to the environment, carry out demining. An important task is to conduct an inspection of the protected areas for the presence of explosive objects, as well as carry out the necessary sanitary felling to prevent the mass reproduction of pests on the dead and weakened trees damaged by fires.

A long cold storage protocol for Anisopteromalus calandrae based on promoting prepupal development and arresting early pupal growth under low temperature.

Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) shows great promise as an ectoparasitoid for controlling various coleopteran pests in warehouses. However, for a large-scale release, it is crucial to establish an ample supply of A. calandrae while carefully maintaining their quality and effectiveness. Appropriate cold storage techniques are the key to achieving these goals. Previous studies on cold storage have focused on specific developmental stages and explored cold storage conditions that can be applied only to those stages. Herein, we examined the development, survival and reproductive capacity of A. calandrae at different temperatures (13, 16, and 19°C) and storage durations (30, 60, and 90 d) and evaluated the fitness of the offspring. A. calandrae completed its egg-to-larva development and pupated at 16°C, but its development was arrested at an early pupal stage. Even after 90 d of cold storage at 16°C, the survival rate of A. calandrae remained high at 77%, with no significant impact on reproductive capacity. Furthermore, cold storage showed no negative effect on the F1 generation. In contrast, eggs stored at 13°C failed to hatch, whereas those stored at 19°C developed. Adults emerged after > 60 d. This indicates that storage at 19°C is only suitable for short durations. Our findings highlight the developmental pattern of A. calandrae at 16°C, indicating that the parasitic wasp can be stored for a long time at this temperature across all stages of development before pupation, substantially facilitating its mass reproduction and industrial production.

Environmental aspects of digitalization of phytosanitary examination of agricultural crops

Abstract The article provided discusses the environmental aspects of digitalizing phytosanitary examination in plant cultivation. The authors highlight the negative environmental consequences resulting from the irrational use of natural resources and the increasing impact of powerful anthropogenic factors, such as the depletion of entomofauna composition, disruption of self-regulation mechanisms, and increased mass reproduction of phytophagous insects. Digitalization based on mathematical modeling is identified as a highly effective tool for phytosanitary monitoring. It involves a software module that allows dynamic changes in the number of research objects and the input of initial data about the studied objects and their parameters. The proposed method of comprehensive assessment enables a balanced consideration of parameters and criteria, encompassing both quantitative and qualitative evaluations. It facilitates the simultaneous maximization and minimization of various parameters, contributing to the mobilization of natural biota resources and the enhancement of biological diversity in agrolandscapes while considering the complexity of relationships within these landscapes. This approach is crucial for addressing the need to balance conflicting requirements or goals in the digitalization of phytosanitary expertise in agricultural crops.

Effect of Temperature on Some Biological Indicators of Cydia pomonella Linnaeus, 1758

In 2022-2023 The influence of temperature on the development and reproduction of the codling moth butterfly was studied. Experiments have shown that the optimal temperature regime for mass reproduction of the codling moth in laboratory conditions is within 20-25°C. At low temperatures (15°C), butterflies live 34-35 days, and some individuals can live up to 45-50 days. This shows that these characteristics of butterflies allow them to remain viable in an unfavorable environment, although their reproduction is reduced. The experiments carried out make it possible to obtain the necessary temperature parameters for the development of fruit-eating apple trees.

The Main Pests Are Insects and Diseases of Agricultural Crops in the South of Kyrgyzstan

In the south of Kyrgyzstan, the largest areas are occupied by agrocenosis of vegetable, fruit, industrial, and grain crops. The article presents the main pests and pathogens of agricultural crops in the south of Kyrgyzstan. The purpose of the research is to identify the dominant pests and diseases of agricultural crops and to find effective biological measures to combat them in the conditions of southern Kyrgyzstan. In recent years, outbreaks of mass reproduction of tomato mining moth (Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917)) on tomatoes, cherry slimy sawfly (Caliroa cerasi (Linnaeus, 1758)) and cherry fly (Rhagoletis cerasi (Linnaeus, 1758)) on cherries and cherries, Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineataSay), late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) on potatoes, powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum f. cucurbitacearumPot.) on vegetables, corn moth (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner, 1796), bread beetle (Zabrus tenebrioides (Goeze, 1777)) and bug (Eurygaster integriceps Puton, 1881) on cereals, mite (Tetranychus urticae), aphid (Aphidoidea) and cotton scooper (Helicoverpa armigera Hübner) on cotton, phytonomus (Phytonomus variabilis) on perennial grasses, winter scooper (Agrotis segetum (Denis et Schiffermüller) 1775), apple moth (Carpocapsa pomonella (Linnaeus, 1758)), apple moth (Hyponomeuta malinellus (Zeller, 1838)), unpaired silkworm (Lymantria dispar Linnaeus, 1758), curly leaves (Taphrina deformans (Berk.) Tul.), bacterial burn (Erwinia amylovora (Burrill, 1882) Winslow et al., 1920), scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter) and powdery mildew on fruit crops, epiphytotic rust diseases (Puccinia) of cereals, oatmeal (Avena fatua) and sunflowers (Barbarea vulgaris) on cereals. An overview of drugs used in crop protection systems is also given. Chemical pesticides still remain the main means of protecting agricultural crops from pests and diseases, in the future, the use of the latest technologies in plant protection, the introduction of new biological preparations into plant protection practice should be used.

PARASITOIDS OF SMALL SPRUCE BARK BEETLE IPS AMITINUS (EICHHOFF, 1872) (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE: SCOLYTINAE) AND ASSOCIATED XYLOPHAGES IN THE EMERGING INVASIVE AREA

The list of parasitoids inhabit in the centers of mass reproduction of the allied bark beetle Ips amitinus (Eichh.) in the Tomsk Region is given. Parasitoids were reared from the branches cut in the upper parts of the crowns to the Siberian pine Pinus sibirica Du Tour., inhabited by the allied bark beetle. The branches were collected in the centers of its mass reproduction in the Tomsk region, in the invasive part of the range of this xylophagous allied bark beetle. In addition to Ips amitinus, the branches were inhabited by Pityogenes chalcographus (L.), Pityogenes conjunctus Rtt., Pissodes piniphilus (Hbst), and Monochamus saltuarius Gebler. In total, 11 species of xylophagous parasitoids inhabiting branches were found, including 5 parasitoids of the union bark beetle: Coeloides ungularis (Thomson.), Dinotiscus eupterus (Walker), Tomicobia seitneri (Ruschka), Rhopalicus tutela (Walker), Roptrocerus xylophagoraum (Ratzeburg). Eubazus semirugosus (Nees), Spathius rubidus (Rossi), Eurytoma arctica Thomson, Tomicobia pityophthori (Bouček), Rhopalicus quadratus (Ratzeburg) were bred from the branches that dwelt Ips amitinus и Pityogenes chalcographus. Braconid Coeloides ungularis Thomson as the host of Ips amitinus is indicated for the rst time.

Analisis Pengumpulan Al Qur’an dalam Berbagai Periode

The aim of this research is to analyze the analysis of the collection of the Qur'an in various periods. This type of research is a literature study. Data collection with documentation. Data analysis with SLR. The results of the research are that analysis of the collection of the Al-Qur'an in various periods shows that the process of compiling this sacred Islamic text involved careful and systematically organized efforts. From the life of the Prophet Muhammad saw. Until the reign of Caliph Uthman bin Affan, various steps were taken to collect, verify and formalize the text of the Koran so that it remained authentic and not distorted. In the early days, collecting was done orally and in writing, with particular attention to memorization and personal notes. Then, during the time of Caliph Uthman, standardization of the Koranic text and mass reproduction were carried out to ensure uniformity and continuity. This analysis confirms that the collection of the Qur'an was a well-planned and maintained process, ensuring the continuity and authenticity of Islamic teachings

Forecasting the phytosanitary state of agrocenoses: innovation developments

Goal. Development and implementation of new theories, methods, technologies and models that would allow more reliable forecasting of the development of pests and pathogens of agricultural crops.
 Methods. Analysis of innovative development of the Institute of Plant Protection of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine and other institutions of the Scientific and Methodological Center «Protection of Plants» for 2001—2020. Isolation of those relating to the problem forecasting the development of pests and pathogens of plant diseases in agrocenoses of Ukraine.
 Results. The concept of formation of the phytosanitary state of crops and plantations under the conditions of climate change has been developed. The theory of the dynamics of the number of locusts and the prediction of emergency situations in the agricultural sphere of Ukraine has been developed. The widespread use of pheromone traps for diagnosing the phytosanitary state of agrocenoses of Ukraine is recommended. The cyclicity of outbreaks of mass reproduction of the Anisoplia austriaca beetle and the European corn borer was established, depending on the amount of solar activity. The possibility of applying GIS-technologies for the analysis of long-term data was studied. Predictive computer programs (models) of harvest shortages of rapeseed, sunflower, corn, sugar beet, and winter wheat from a complex of pests have been developed. An algorithm for the application of information technology programs for the analysis of multi-year dynamics of the phytosanitary state of agrocenoses has been developed. The role of the developed computer model of the development of leaf spots of grain crops in determining the moment for the most effective application of fungicides has been established. Methods of forecasting the development of pathogens of grape diseases in the South of Ukraine have been developed. A system of forecasting the phytosanitary state of agrocenoses of Ukraine in the conditions of the year and planning the implementation of protective measures has been developed.
 Conclusions. Innovative developments of the Scientific and Methodological Center «Plant Protection» make it possible to solve the following issues at a modern level: forecasting changes in the agrosphere based on the analysis of a long-term database of hydrothermal conditions and indicators of the phytosanitary state of agrocenoses; prevention of emergency situations in the agricultural sector on the basis of a modern monitoring system using GPS-navigation and the development of regulations for carrying out protective measures; forecasting the development of dangerous pests and diseases of agricultural crops; forecasting crop failures and determining the economic feasibility of chemical plant protection; forecasting the appearance and spread of quarantine pests.

ПРОГРЕССИВНЫЙ ПОДХОД К ВЫБОРУ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ ДЛЯ ЗАЩИТЫ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ АПК ОТ СИНАНТРОПНЫХ ПТИЦ

This study examines the need for a progressive approach to the selection of energy equipment for protection at agricultural enterprises from synanthropic birds. This problem of scaring birds was born in ancient times and remains relevant to this day. Birds tend to go to places where they are comfortable and stay there. Therefore, new and effective designs of electric bird repellents are needed to achieve maximum effect. Currently, the territories of cities and their outskirts serve as a habitat not only for people and domestic animals, they are also a habitat for numerous species of wild birds. A specific bird fauna has formed in the settlements and in their vicinity. Its main features are a limited number of species and a large number of individuals. This is due to the fact that few bird species have been able to adapt to the specific living conditions in the city. However, those who were able to adapt found a favorable environment for rapid and mass reproduction in the city. The number of synanthropic birds in large cities reaches tens and hundreds of thousands of individuals. Synanthropic birds are wild birds that constantly live in the vicinity of humans or have found favorable nesting conditions in the territory of settlements and their surroundings. Many spheres of life of synanthropic birds are directly related to human activity, so the nutrition of synanthropes is anthropogenic, because their diet usually includes seeds of cultivated plants and all kinds of food waste. Different species of birds prevail in each region, but there are patterns characteristic of the entire territory of Russia. Almost everywhere, the main representatives of the synanthropic are house sparrows and blue pigeons. In the central part of the country, you can safely add a gray crow to this list. When moving towards the west, the number of crows decreases noticeably.

Can high-fidelity 3D models be a good alternative for cadaveric materials in skill assessment for endoscopic sinus surgery? A comparison study in assessment for surgical performance in 3D models and cadavers.

Traditionally formal assessment of surgical skills has not been part of a surgeon's accreditation process. The widely adopted apprentice model of "on-the-job training" does create additional risk for the patients. In the past surgical training has used cadavers, but these are expensive, require dedicated wet-lab facilities and are in increasingly short supply. In many countries religious and cultural practices also preclude cadaveric use. Recent 3D-printed technology allows mass reproduction of high-fidelity 3D models. In this study, we examined the utility of 3D sinus models compared to cadaver dissection for surgical skill assessment for endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). A total of 17 otolaryngologists performed Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (ESS) on 3D printed sinus models and then repeated these procedures on cadavers. Their surgical performance was assessed with the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) score for ESS and time was taken to complete an ESS procedure. Their performance on the 3D models and cadavers was compared. There were no significant differences in the OSATS score between 3D models and cadavers (50.41 ± 13.31 vs. 48.29 ± 16.01, p = 0.36). There was a strong positive correlation between the score in 3D models and those in cadavers (r = 0.84, p < 0.001). No significant differences were found in time for a mini-ESS (21:29 ± 0:10 vs. 20:33 ± 0:07, p = 0.53). There were positive correlations between 3D models and cadavers in time taken for a mini-ESS (r = 0.55, p = 0.04). The surgical performance on the 3D models was comparable to that on cadavers. This supports the utility of the 3D models as an inexhaustible alternative for cadavers in ESS surgical skill assessment.

Juniper mealybug Planococcus vovae (Nasonov, 1908) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) – a new dangerous pest of Cupressaceae in the Donbass and Cis-Azov region

In August 2022, during phytopathological surveys in the city of Taganrog, focal occurrences of the juniper mealybug, Planococcus vovae (Nasonov, 1908) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), were registered for the first time. In 2023, the species had been recorded in urban plantings of Donetsk and Mariupol. The following introduced species, commonly utilized in urban landscaping within the steppe zone, were observed as host plants for the mealybug: Thuja occidentalis L., Juniperus communis L., J . chinensis L., J . scopulorum Sarg., and others. The biology of Planococcus vovae in the steppe zone remains unstudied; it is presumed that at least two generations may develop within a year. The juniper mealybug has the capacity to trigger outbreaks of mass reproduction and is deemed one of the most detrimental sap-sucking pests of Cupressaceae. The penetration ofP. vovae into the steppe zone presents an ominous prognosis for the phytosanitary conditions of urban green spaces. Presently, a complex comprising 13 species of specialized phytophages has emerged on Cupressaceae in the Donbass region, among which P. vovae could potentially emerge as a principal pest. Plants weakened by mealybug feeding become susceptible to aggressive xylophagous pests such as Lamprodila festiva (Linnaeus, 1767) and Phloeosinus aubei (Perris, 1855). Establishing phytosanitary monitoring systems and implementing a set of protective measures will inevitably elevate the costs associated with maintaining urban plantings. Given that the primary vector of invasion by specialized Cupressaceae phytophagous species is the inadvertent introduction through infected plants, it is paramount to conduct thorough inspections and impose quarantines on planting materials. Additionally, curtailing the volume of imports can be achieved through the development of regional nurseries.

Analysis of the effect of anthropogenic load the vital forest condition Arctic zone of the Russian Federation

The influence of anthropogenic factors on the state of forest stands is manifested mainly in the Arkhangelsk region, in the Murmansk region and in the Krasnoyarsk territory. It has been established that the action of anthropogenic factors in the forests of the Arkhangelsk region was not the primary cause of the weakening of the forest stand. At the same time, an extremely insignificant degree of damage was noted, in comparison with other causes of weakening and death of plantings. The reason for the death of the vast majority of forests in the region as a result of the anthropogenic factor was a violation of the rules of tapping, when ripe and overmature pine forests, after use, were not cut down and are now a potential source of occurrence and spread of foci of diseases and forest pests. When drying out, not only the likelihood of developing large forest fires increases, but also mass reproduction of forest pests occurs. First of all, arrays of old (age 150-250 years) trees are affected, which were not cut down in a timely manner due to the inaccessibility for industrial harvesting and removal of commercial timber. Therefore, forest protection measures need to be given more attention. It is possible to preserve and increase forest wealth only through sustainable forest management, preserving biological diversity, productivity, the ability to restore, viability and the ability to perform important ecological, economic and social functions at the local, national and global levels in the present and future

ДИНАМИКА ОЧАГОВ МАССОВОГО РАЗМНОЖЕНИЯ ОБЫКНОВЕННОГО СОСНОВОГО ПИЛИЛЬЩИКА (DIPRIONPINI L.) В КОНДИНСКОМ ЛЕСНИЧЕСТВЕ ХМАО-ЮГРЫ

Analysis of the inventory data of the foci of mass reproduction of insect pests of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Ugra shows the distribution and variation of foci of the common pine sawfly (Diprionpini L.) in the forests of the Kondinskoye forestry of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Ugra and the role of some factors of forest destruction that influence the reproduction of this pest. The features of outbreaks of mass reproduction of populations of the common pine sawfly in the territory of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra have been studied. It has been established that, under the influence of biotic and abiotic factors, in the forests of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra there is an accumulation of disturbed and dead plantings, which contributes to the proliferation of insect pests. Data from 2023 on dead and damaged plantings indicate that the degree of drying up to 40% occurs on 15.7% of the area, and the degree of drying out more than 40% - 82.7% of the area of plantings. The main reason for the weakening and death of forest plan-tations in 2023 in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra is forest fires. The area of plantings with damaged and lost stability due to the impact of forest fires on them amounted to 60,261.74 hectares, of which 37,983.60 hectares were dead plantings remaining standing. The largest areas covered by forest fires were identified in the Kondinskoye forestry - 18,016.34 hectares. Throughout the entire area of fire-damaged plantings, in 2023 there will be a further deterioration in the sanitary condition and the death of the most weak-ened plantings. Also, the presence of a large amount of dead wood contributes to the emergence of foci of stem pests in the Kondinskoye forestry. According to the results of a forest pathological survey, damage to plantings by insects in the Kondinskoye forestry this year was detected on an area of 35.2 hectares; no deaths due to this reason were recorded.

Общественное здоровье как социокультурный феномен

The article presents the results of analyzing the concept of public health as a socio-cultural phenomenon. A critical analysis of existing approaches to defining public health is presented. It is substantiated that public health is not a constant sum of the individual health of members of a certain social community. According to the integral approach proposed by the authors, public health is a certain state of social systems that ensure the reproduction of physical life and individual health of the population, or the mass reproduction of physical life and individual health of a certain society, state, or large social group. It is shown that the systems whose state constitutes the content of the concept of public health include seven social systems: system of reproduction of the physical life of the population, system of demographic reproduction, public pedagogical system, system of reproduction of public consciousness, social economic system, political and legal systems of society, health care system. It is substantiated that public health also includes the health care system. The differences and connections between the concepts of “public health” and “health care” are considered. The relationship be-tween public health and medical policy is explored.

Mass Reproduction Outbreaks of Phyllophagous Insects in Forests of the Northwest of European Russia

Mass Reproduction Outbreaks of Phyllophagous Insects in Forests of the Northwest of European Russia

ПРИЖИВАЕМОСТЬ И КИНЕТИКА РОСТОВЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ РАЗЛИЧНОГО ТИПА МИКРОЧЕРЕНКОВ ВИНОГРАДА IN VITRO

New data on the peculiarities of the growth and development of plants of the Mahrovatchik and Belobulaniy grape varieties during subcultiva-tion, depending on the location of donor micro-gears on the shoot, are presented. There are 3 types of micro gears:type 1−1–4 micro gears from the lower part of the shoot, type 2 –from the middle part, 5−8 from the base of the shoot; type 3 − from the upper part of the shoot, 9−12 from the base of the shoot. When cultivated in conditions of high temperature and low humidi-ty, the best development was noted in the plants of the Mahrovatchik variety formed from the eyes of the middle part of the shoot. Inhibi-tion of shoot growth and higher plant viability during the entire cultivation period allows us to consider type 1 (bottom) of micro-gears optimal for laying a collection, and micro-gears of the upper and middle part of the shoot to be used for mass reproduction of the Belobulaniy varie-ty. The high regenerative ability of the ripened micro-gears of the Cabernet Sauvignon variety has been proven.

Features of large cranberry &lt;i&gt;(Oxycoccus macrocarpus)&lt;/i&gt; hybrids propagation in &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; culture

The present study is aimed at developing a micropropagation system for five intervarietal hybrids of Oxycoccus macrocarpus promising for cultivation in Western Siberia. All studies on the development of in vitro propagation techniques were carried out on the example of the intervarietal hybrid О. macrocarpus Bergman × Pilgrim. Ben Lear × Bergman, Ben Lear × Pilgrim, Pilgrim × Bergman, and Pilgrim × Ben Lear hybrids were propagated in vitro using the technology developed for Bergman × Pilgrim. Seed germination of the hybrids in in vitro culture ranged from 35.29 to 80.00%. At the mass reproduction stage, it was found that concentrations of 2-isopentyl adenine 0–10 μM did not affect the reproduction rate. The tested pH values (4.5–7.5) did not cause the death of Bergman × Pilgrim hybrid, indicating its stability in this pH range. Active root formation on the media with cytokinin (100.0%) was observed, and therefore a separate stage of rooting of microshoots was not required. During the ex vitro adaptation phase, it was found that the use of sphagnum moss as a substrate served as an effective technique. The plant viability was 86.0–93.0%. Significant differences after the adaptation stage were shown: in shoot number between Bergman × Pilgrim (1.21 pcs./shoot) and Ben Lear × Bergman (7.00 pcs./shoot) hybrids, in root length between Bergman × Pilgrim (19.7 mm), Ben Lear × Bergman (39.4 mm) and Pilgrim × Bergman (53.4 mm). The use of in vitro methods for propagation and selection of genotypes is an effective approach and can be applied in programs to obtain intervarietal hybrids of O. macrocarpus.