Mass Of Seeds Research Articles

Geographic variation in offspring size: Seed mass and population collection location data for 88 populations of Streptanthus

Geographic variation in offspring size: Seed mass and population collection location data for 88 populations of Streptanthus

АНАЛІЗ ПАРАМЕТРІВ ГОСПОДАРСЬКО-ЦІННИХ ОЗНАК РИЖІЮ ЯРОГО ДЛЯ УМОВ ПРАВОБЕРЕЖНОГО ЛІСОСТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ ЗА УМОВ ЗМІНИ КЛІМАТУ

In the article, on the basis of regression analysis of the data, a forecast of the most important elements of the structure of productivity for the maximum specified yield of camelina sativa in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in conditions of climate change is made. According to the assessment of the correlation relationships between the economically valuable breeding traits of camelina sativa, the studied indicators differ among themselves in terms of the level of interaction. The indicators of seed collection from one plant (r=0.98), the number of pods per plant (r=0.84) and plant safety (r=0.71) have a significant influence on the formation of productivity. The average correlation effect on productivity is the number of seeds per pod (r=0.44), the number of branches per plant (r=0.60), plant height (r=0.37) and the duration of the growing season (r=0.38). The mass of seeds per plant strongly depended on the number of pods per plant (r=0.85), but had an average positive correlation with the number of seeds per pod (r=0.48), the number of branches per plant (r=0.59), plant height (r=0.37), plant safety (r=0.62) and duration of the growing season (r=0.37). There is a weak negative relationship between the number of seeds in a pod and plant height (r=-0.29) and the duration of the growing season (r=-0.18), between the mass of a thousand seeds and the number of pods per plant (r=-0.08). Regression analysis of the entire array of experimental data made it possible to predict the value of the most important elements of the productivity structure for the maximum specified yield. For a maximum yield of 3.0–3.5 t/ha, the weight of seeds per plant should be 2.1–2.4 g, while the plant should form 13.4–15.9 branches, 159.5–182.1 pods and 16.8–19.5 seeds per pod. The mass of a thousand seeds should have 2.34–2.95 g, plant height 90.7–105.8 cm and plant safety at the level of 98.9 %, and the duration of the growing season should be in the range from 103 to 110 days.

Внутрипопуляционная изменчивость качества шишек и семян кедра сибирского на плантации с разреженной посадкой

For Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour), a valuable nut-bearing species, the development of a system of selectively significant signs of crop quality is relevant, which is necessary for the introduction of this species into culture. Were studied the level and nature of variability in the quality of cones and seeds in 32 trees on a 42-year-old plantation with sparse planting trees of 8×8 m (south of the Tomsk region). The used system of traits reflects the sequence of the crop formation process — from cone differentiation to seed ripening. We are establish that the maximum level of variability is observed in characters characterizing deviations in seed embryogenesis, leading to an increase in the proportion of underdeveloped, empty and incomplete seeds. The level of variability of traits caused by the influence of the mother plant is much lower on the features of the establishment, differentiation, and growth of cones (the number of scales and seeds). The signs characterizing the number of different elements of the cones have a normal distribution. Positive asymmetry and kurtosis are characteristic of the distributions of signs reflecting the level of abortion of the ovules at different stages of their development. As the final selection trait with a high level of intrapopulation variability, we are proposing to use the mass of full tree seeds per unit area of the horizontal projection of the crown. The use of this trait is promising for the search for trees combining a narrow crown with a large mass of seeds.

INFLUENCE OF CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY ELEMENTS ON THE FORMATION OF SOYBEAN PRODUCTIVITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST-STEPPE

The article highlights the results of research on the impact of the main elements of soybean growing technology on the formation of productivity and seed quality indicators, in addition, the indicators of economic efficiency in growing this crop are stated. Soybean is a light- and heat-loving crop. It requires a considerable amount of heat for normal growth and development. The crop is quite drought-resistant at the beginning of growth and much more demanding to moisture during flowering, bean formation and seed ripening phases. During these phases optimum soil moisture should be 70-80%. Soybean productivity depends on the number of formed and fully formed beans, and this number depends in turn on the length of daylight hours and the amount of moisture during the period of bean formation. If there is a lack of moisture, many beans will fall off beforehand, so the expected yield will no longer be forthcoming. It was found that high indices of individual productivity of soybean plants were obtained with double application of multicomponent microfertilizer Vuksal Microplant in the phase of budding and in the phase of formation of green beans. For the studied varieties under such growing conditions the number of beans per plant was 21,5-24,8 units, and the number of seeds per plant 44,3-63,5 units. Well and the mass of seeds per plant was respectively 7,0-8,0 g, weight of 1000 seeds 149,9- 158,7 g. The highest rates of seed yield of soybean varieties SG Anzer and Cardiff were recorded at 2.79-3.02 t / ha in variants where foliar feeding was carried out twice during the vegetation of plants. Indicators of the chemical composition of soybeans were formed in accordance with the climatic conditions prevailing in the years of the study. Thus, the index of crude protein in soybean seeds was at the level of 34.38-39.21%, the average crude fat content was 17-19%, and IDA index was 27.23-29.17%. The costs of growing different soybean varieties with different systems of foliar feeding differed slightly, but we noted the best economic efficiency (conditionally net profit, cost, profitability level) of growing soybeans within the scheme of our experiments, which were in the variants with two foliar feeding microfertilizer Vuxal Microplant.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE SOY FERTILIZATION SYSTEM BASED ON THE USE OF DRUGS OF BIOLOGICAL ORIGIN IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT BANK

This article presents the results of research to study the effect of drugs of biological origin, namely the inoculum Rhizolin, mycorrhizal drug Mycofriend and biofertilizers based on phosphorus-potassium mobilizing bacteria Groundfix on growth processes and the formation of soybean varieties. Field studies were supposed to study the effect of various combinations of studied biological drugs in order to determine the most effective model of their use. Based on the observations and calculations, it was established that in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of the right bank on gray forest soils the studied preparations of biological origin had a direct impact on both plant growth processes and productivity formation. It was found that the height of plants in the experiment varied depending on the variety and application of biological products, the most effective was the integrated use of Rizoline + Mycofriend + Graunfix, under these conditions the height of soybean plants in Madison was 121.6 cm, in Golden - 104.6 Along with this, a positive effect of this combination of biological preparations on the formation of individual plant productivity was established, so the highest number of beans per plant was recorded in these variants - 42.1 pieces / plant in the Golden variety and 39.5 pieces / plant in Madison variety and the largest mass of seeds from the plant, respectively - 10.4-11.9 g. ). In the variants with the use of seed treatment with the composition Risoline + Mycofriend and the application of soil biofertilizer Graunfix, these figures were 132.5 and 129.3 g, respectively. The complex application of biological products Rizoline (3 l / t of seeds), Mykofriend (1.5 l / t of seeds) and Graunfix (5 l / ha in pre-sowing cultivation) ensured the formation of the highest grain yield in the experiment of 4.05 t / ha in the variety Madison and 3.88 t / ha in the variety Golden, with the increase in yield before control was 17.9-18.1%.

OBTAINING “ORGANIC SEEDS” OF VEGETABLE AND INDUSTRIAL PLANTS USING THE AERODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF THE SEEDS

The production and quality of any agricultural crop is determined both by the factors acting from the moment of sowing until harvesting, as well as by those that directly influence the seeds before sowing. In the organic cultivation of cereals, industrial plants, vegetables, medicinal plants, the seeds must be clean without any impurities because the maintenance of these crops does not allow using chemicals. There is a number of technologies and pieces of equipment for separating impurities. In case of separating impurities from the mass of small seeds, especially vegetable and flower seeds, the use of separation on sieves is very expensive because compared to other crops, vegetable seeds are produced in small quantities (except for beans, peas, lentils, etc.) and have a wide variety of characteristics. Vegetables belong to a large number of plant families. This is why their seeds have a very different structure, shape, size and chemical composition. To overcome these challenges, the experimental model Seed conditioning module for vegetable species – MCSL, which separates impurities by using the aerodynamic properties of the seeds was developed. Seed conditioning module for vegetable species is designed to improve the technologies of organic seed production for vegetable seeds, flowers, industrial plants, cereals and to solve practical problems regarding seed production in the case of vegetable crops. Starting from these considerations, the paper will present theoretical and experimental information on the influence of some factors on the aerodynamic properties of cereal seeds, vegetables and industrial plants. The quality of seed separation in this module depends on the degree of uniformity of the air velocity field in the working area, on the stability of this field and on its extent.

Yield-Related Traits of 20 Spring Camelina Genotypes Grown in a Multi-Environment Study in Serbia

Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz is one of the oldest oilseed crops in Europe. Over the last twenty years, it has reemerged as a very promising alternative oilseed crop. Camelina has broad environmental adaptability, a wide range of resistances to pests and diseases, low-input requirements, and multiple industrial and feed applications exist for its seed oil and meal. In a multi-environment study conducted in Serbia, seven yield-related traits, including plant height (PH), height to the first branch (HFB), number of lateral branches (NLB), number of seed capsules per plant (NSCP), number of seeds per plant (NSP), mass of seeds per plant (MSP), and the total percentage of oil in the seed (TPOS), were analyzed in 20 spring camelina accessions. The combination of two years, two locations, and two sowing dates (autumn and spring) resulted in eight different environments across which the performance of the accessions was evaluated. The aims of the study were (a) to provide a phenotypic characterization and performance evaluation of the camelina accessions, (b) to identify correlations between the selected traits, and (c) to determine the effect of environmental factors on the traits. Environments contributed to the largest proportion in the total variance, explaining approximately 90% of the variance for all traits, except for NLB (70.96%) and TPOS (42.56%). The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model (AMMI) showed that the weather conditions, and seeding dates were the most influential environmental factor. Location had a minor to moderate effect on the investigated traits. Lines CK3X-7 and Maksimir had the highest seed yields, and CK2X–9 and CJ11X–43 had the highest seed oil contents. All four lines had good adaptability and yield stability, making them the most suitable candidates for cultivation in the environmental conditions of Serbia in southeastern Europe. The present results reveal a potential for developing higher-yielding camelina cultivars with increased seed oil content and improved adaptability to various environmental conditions.

Multi-factor control of seed mass of species on the eastern part of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: Integration of environmental filters, local adaptation and correlated evolution

Seed mass is a central plant life history trait that varies and evolves due to selection by biotic or abiotic factors. To determine the factors affecting seed mass variation among species and phylogeny, we used linear and regression tree analyses of three biotic traits and four niche traits to quantify the relative importance of each trait on seed mass for 1340 angiosperm species from the eastern part of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Dispersal mode was the strongest predictor of both species and phylogenetic seed mass variation, whereas life form only had a small impact. These results suggest that seed mass has responded to dispersers rather than the life history or available stored resources. Moreover, in both inter-specific and phylogenetic comparisons, species with similar light, moisture and disturbance niche positions tended to have similar seed mass, indicating that adaptation to local environments is a second force driving species-level seed mass variation. The lack of any relationship between thermal niche and seed mass in the phylogenetic analysis implies that seed mass variation along thermal gradients may be a result of regional species sorting, or alternatively, a plastic response to the variation in plant size. All species and phylogenetic multivariate models showed that both dispersal mode and species light/moisture niche explain seed mass variation, suggesting the importance of coevolution or covariation between seeds and vertebrates and the selection or filter effect of habitats on early life-history stages of plants in affecting individual seed development. Lastly, our results imply that phylogenetic constraints and niche conservatism may operate simultaneously in determining regional patterns of seed mass variation.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MULTIPLE MODELS APPLIED TO PHYTOSANITARY AND NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS THAT INTERFER IN THE PHYSIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF SOYBEAN SEEDS

The objective of this work was to evaluate the interference of physical, nutritional, sanitary and genetic aspects in the quality of seeds. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, using 55 soybean F6 genotypes, with 4 replications. In this study, thousand seeds mass, germinated seeds, accelerated aging, tetrazolium, phytosanitary indicators ( Aspergillus flavus,Cercospora kikuchii, Fusarium graminearum,Fusarium semisectum and Bacteriosis), seed nutritional indicators (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, sodium and molybdenum). The physiological quality of the seeds is negatively affected by the health aspects of Cercospora kikuchii , Aspergillus flavus , Fusarium semictectum and Bacteriosis, in addition, nutritional aspects also act negatively due to the presence of salts, and positive due to the levels of P. Likewise, Zn, Mo and K are correlated as strong indicators of seed vigor levels. The developed genotypes have excellent behavior towards pathogens and seed nutrition, contributing to high quality seed production.

Heritability of Productivity Elements of Chickpeas and its Importance for Practical Breeding

This study examined the genetics of the variability in quantitative traits and showed the possibility of selecting hybrids with a new, more favorable combination of traits, which is of practical interest for breeding. The main goal of our research was to determine the coefficients of heritability by the mass of seeds and the number of beans per plant in hybrid combinations of chickpeas, which allowed establishing the potential of parental varieties in the transfer of valuable genes responsible for plant productivity to offspring and expanding the spectrum of plant genetic diversity. The experiments were conducted in the fields of the educational and experimental farm of the Omsk State Agrarian University in the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk region in 2016-2018. The research included 6 chickpea samples with a complex of valuable traits from the Federal Research Center of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N.I. Vavilov (VIR, St. Petersburg) and 8 hybrid combinations obtained on their basis. It was found that the mass of seeds per plant was characterized by low heritability (H2 = 22.8%) and the number of beans per plant was high (H2 = 54.0%). The variability of the mass of seeds per plant was largely paratypical and was influenced by environmental conditions; the variability in the number of beans per plant was due to genetic factors and indicated a high genetic diversity in the studied splitting chickpea populations. Selection based on the number of beans per plant was highly effective even in early generations of the hybrids. Selection by the mass of seeds from the plant was ineffective; it should be carried out in later hybrid generations under favorable growing conditions. The selection of valuable genotypes was most successful in hybrid chickpea populations by seed weight per plant: C-35 x ILC-2394, C-80 x ILC-2394, C-27 x ILC-2394, and by the number of beans per plant: C-27 x ILC-2394, C-27 x ILC-2402
 Keywords: chickpeas, heritability, selection, genetics, productivity

EVALUATION OF SOYBEAN VARIETIES BY SELECTION INDICES

The highest indicators of the index (mass of seeds of the main stem / number of beans of the main stem) were provided by varieties: UD0202566 − 0,211, UD0202468 − 0,209, UD0202557 − 0,207, UD0202529 − 0,206. These cultivars are conservative in response to changes in the hydrothermal regime, providing stable indicators in absolute quantitative values. In terms of resistance to sudden changes in the environment (Hom), the best were: UD0202566 − 0.04, UD0202468 − 0.05, UD0202529 – 0,134. 0.04, as well as high agronomic stability: UD0202566 − 94.9 UD0202468 – 95.3, UD0202529 – 94.5%. According to the absolute value of the selection index, the mass of seeds of the main stem / the number of seeds of the main stem) were selected samples: UD0200773 – 0,136, UD0202201 – 0,136, UD0202566 – 0,136, UD0202468 – 0,136, UD0202557 – 0,134. These varieties belong to different types in response to changes in the hydrothermal regime. Thus, the samples: UD0202566, UD0202468, UD0202201, UD0202557, were highly plastic in response to the improvement of the cultivation agro background. In addition, cultivar UD0200773, which was characterized by a conservative response to changes in the hydrothermal regime, but a high index of selection index (seed weight of the main stem / number of seeds of the main stem). In terms of resistance to sudden changes in the environment (Hom), the best were: UD0200773 – 0.05, UD0202201 – 0.02, UD0202566 – 0.02, UD0202566 –0.02, UD0202468 – 0.02, as well as high agronomic stability. : UD0200773 –97.4, UD0202201 – 93.4, UD0202566 – 93.4, UD0202566 – 93.4. According to the variant of stability, these varieties were as close as possible to zero.

Current method in the selection of legume grasses

The paper presents the results of research on the formation of complex hybrid populations, and evaluates collection samples of clover, alfalfa, and sainfoin based on a set of economically valuable traits for creating hay-pasture varieties. The research was based on promising plants and their biomechanical mixture, which was sown in a wide row and individually in a row. Weak and underdeveloped plants were mowed down by negative selection. During the period of budding - the beginning of flowering, economic and valuable traits were taken into account, cutting plants at a height of 10-12 cm. The direct dependence of seed formation of the studied crops on weather conditions is noted. In the first year of life, alfalfa plants developed unevenly, reaching a maximum height of 58 cm and a minimum height of 26 cm. Evaluation of the productivity of the studied legume grasses (clover, alfalfa, esparcet), which was determined by the calculation method based on the mass of seeds from one plant, showed that the maximum level of seed yield was formed by samples that exceeded the standard variety by 15-20%. Polycross nurseries were created for three crops (clover, alfalfa, and sainfoin). Samples were selected for a complex of economically valuable features. Correlation dependences of selected plants on the number of internodes and seed productivity were revealed. Plants were selected based on their productivity and adaptability to form new varieties. A data bank of clover, alfalfa and sainfoin was created to form varieties with high seed productivity.

Physical, chemical and microbiological characterization of cupuassu seed during fermentation

The cupuassu’s seeds are similar to cocoa, being possible to apply fermentative techniques used to obtain nibs and cupulate. The aim of this work to study the physicochemical transformations during the cupuassu´s seeds fermentation. For this purpose, frozen seeds from a pulp processing industry were fermented in three batches of 20 kg for seven days at room temperature. During the fermentation process, seed mass temperature, dimensions, density and composition of the kernels, color indexes (L*, C* and H*), microbiological analyzis (mesophiles, molds and yeasts), cut-proof, physicochemical analyzis (pH, acidity and glucose reducing sugars and non sucrose reduction) and centesimal composition (ashes, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates) were analyzed from triplicates. The results were expressed as dry basis. During the fermentations, the great temperatures were reached. The maximus were 43,44 and 47 ºC in three fermentations. It was observed during the fermentation process: seed darkening (L*) and color intensity reduction (Chroma), pH increase, sugar reduction and acidity reduction. The ash, lipid and protein contents were not significantly influenced by the fermentation time. According to the cut test, the kernels of 3rd fermentation, whose maximum temperature was higher, were classified as type 2 and the others as type 3. The values of apparent density, dimensions, mass and composition of seeds demonstrated that during the fermentation there was a decrease in volume with a higher proportion of cotyledon compared to testa. There was an increase in counts of total mesophiles aerobic microorganisms, molds and yeasts, during the fermentative process.

A simple method for extraction of Ricinus communis L. oil and its application for biodiesel production by ethylic route

Biodiesel is a clean fuel, and an alternative to the environmental complications ascribed to fossil fuels. However, the forms of its production are still the object of research in the literature because some issues related to its process improvement and economical viability remain a challenge. Consequently, this research aims to produce biodiesel by the ethylic route from Ricinus communis L. oil extracted with a simple solid liquid extraction method without the use of the soxhled extractor and inspired from rural communities practices. In this sense, Ricinus communis L. was extracted by n-hexane as solvent, obtaining biodiesel through ethyl transesterification via alkaline catalysis. The characterization of biodiesel in terms of—acid value (AV), combustibility and corrosivity to copper. The results indicated that the yield of the extracted oil was 14% in relation to the mass of seeds used, the value of the AV was 0.96 mg NaOH/g, showing in this case that the oil can be used in the transesterification process to obtain biodiesel. The biodiesel yield obtained was 37% and the AV was 1.98 mg NaOH/g, being considered above the acceptable value for its use in diesel engines, and should be neutralized to at least 0.8 mg NaOH/g. Based on this work, biodiesel was obtained via ethyl esterification of Ricinus communis L. oil extracted from a simple and easy method.

Effects of water restriction on carbohydrates concentration, starch granules size and amylolytic activity in seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and P. acutifolius A. Gray

Background: Seed mass is a key component of adaptation in plants that are strongly affected by development and maturity, and, at the same time, all is modulated by the environment of cultivation.
 Hypotheses: The response to water deficit in seeds of P. vulgaris L. and P. acutifolius A. Gray is species-dependent and affects their biochemical and morphological characteristics.
 Studied species: The studied cultivars were Rosa Bufa ( P. vulgaris ) and cv. 10017 ( P . acutifolius ). Seeds were obtained from plants grown at 100 % and 25 % soil field capacity during their pod development. 
 Study site and dates: The experiments were performed during May and August 2018 in a greenhouse at the Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, State of Mexico (altitude 2,353 m).
 Methods: The biochemical and morphological characteristics and the grain size of starch in seeds cotyledons were assessed.
 Results: Water restriction had no significant effects on the seed thickness, width, or mass only length decreased in P. acutifolius . In both species, the axis size of the starch granules decreased due to the stress, glucose concentration increased, sucrose and starch were not altered. Water imbibition increased six times in P. vulgaris seeds with no effect on the germination. The α-amylase activity was 25 - 35 % lower in both species due to the water restriction, particularly in P. acutifolius the activity was two-fold higher than in P. vulgaris .
 Conclusions: Comparing the carbohydrate concentration in germinating seeds of common and Tepary beans gave insights on the nutrient reserves mobilization during seed maturation and germination.

Physiology of Growth and Development of Fruits and Seeds of Common Beans

Common beans are one of the most economically important legumes in the world. The determination of the ideal harvesting period may coincide with the maximum seed quality and vigor. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the physiology of growth and development of fruits, seeds and seedlings of two cultivars of common beans. To this end, two cultivars of common beans were used: the “Macarrão Trepador” and “Rasteiro Fartura” harvested every five days after anthesis (DAA). The pods were harvested and sent to the laboratory for seed analysis and extraction. In the laboratory, biometric characteristics of fruits and seeds, physiological quality (germination and vigor) and chemical composition of seeds were evaluated. The physiological maturity of “Macarrão Trepador” and “Rasteiro Fartura” cultivars occurred at 35 DAA, during which the seeds had the maximum dry matter and the minimum water content. The chemical composition of the seeds of both cultivars was similar, except for lignin, whose content was higher in “Rasteiro Fartura” cultivar at 25 DAA. The color and dry mass of fruits and seeds, germination percentage, first germination count, germination speed index and average germination time are the indicators that help in determining the physiological maturity point.

Grain Yield and Total Protein Content of Organically Grown Oats–Vetch Mixtures Depending on Soil Type and Oats’ Cultivar

The yield and quality of crop mixtures depend on natural and agrotechnical factors and their relationships. This research aimed to analyze the grain yield, its components and total protein content of the organically grown oat–vetch mixture on two different soils and depending on the oat cultivar. The three-year field experiment with two crop rotations was carried out. The experiment was set up in the southern Poland on two soils: Stagnic Luvisol (S.L.) and Haplic Cambisol (H.C.). One of four oat cultivars (‘Celer’, ‘Furman’, ‘Grajcar’ and ‘Kasztan’) was grown with the common vetch cv. ‘Hanka’. The results showed that the grain yield of mixtures was affected mainly by weather conditions. During the dry season, the share of vetch in the grain yield was 46% lower than in the season of regular rainfall. The share of vetch seeds in the mixture’s yield was ca. 21% higher when the mixtures were grown on the S.L. than the H.C. soil. The selection of oats’ cultivar for the mixture with vetch affected significantly the thousand seed mass and protein content in the vetch seeds, 46.2–50.4 g and 270–280 g kg−1, respectively. The mixture with Kasztan cultivar yielded the best and this oat cultivar seemed to be the most appropriate for organic conditions; however, in years with high variability of rainfall distribution its usefulness was less.

Crops and the Seed Mass–Seed Output Trade-Off in Plants

Premise of research. A trade-off between seed mass and seed output defines a central axis of ecological variation among plant species. While an observed negative seed mass–seed output relationship ...

Selected physical and mechanical properties of hemp seeds

The basic physical properties of hemp seeds were measured to determine the correlations between these properties to facilitate the planning of seed sorting operations. The basic dimensions (length, width, and thickness), terminal velocity, angle of external friction, and mass were determined in the selected seeds. The seeds were subjected to a uniaxial compressive strength test to determine the force required to damage a seed, the corresponding displacement, and the energy consumed during the trial. The seed sorting was based on the basic dimensions of the seeds in order to divide the seeds into groups with similar average mass. The hemp seeds were most effectively sorted with the use of a screen with slotted apertures. The optimal set of screens should separate approximately 11% to 24% of the seeds into a fraction with the lowest seed thickness, and approximately 16% to 21% of the seeds into a fraction with the highest seed thickness. The basic seed dimensions significantly influenced the specific mass of the individual hemp seeds, and the corresponding correlations are most effectively described by power functions.

Theoretical Study of the Movement of Cotton Seed Flow along the Contour of the Rib

Improving the efficiency of the process of separating fiber from cotton seeds by improving the working chamber of the gin is one of the important issues. The main way to increase the efficiency of sawn gin is to increase the fiber content in the mass of seeds in the working chamber with a uniform decrease in its density. This can be achieved by using grates with a concave working surface, which serves to move the seeds away from the rotating saws and accelerate the release of bare seeds from the working chamber. The article discusses the movement of seeds on the concave surface of the grate and determines the rational parameters of their working part. The article explores the proposed grate model, consisting of four geometric shapes, provides an analytical analysis of the geometric types. The dependence of the location of the last rectilinear part of the general contour on the shape of its convexity and concavity is determined. Cotton seeds move along the contour in the form of a stream. We assume that the thickness of the flow along the contour is constant and equal. We compose a unique equation of the flow in each section of the circuit. To determine the state of the flow, we denote its velocity, density and pressure in each section, respectively. Let us determine the flow motion along the contour with respect to the arc.