Mass Of Carcasses Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF PEDIGREE AND PRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF TWO GENEALOGICAL LINES OF KAZAKH HORSES OF ZHABE TYPE

The article presents body measurements, live weight, as well as data on meat and milk productivity of linear horses of the toad type. The main purpose of line breeding is not only to preserve the hereditary qualities of the ancestor, but also to enrich the line by accumulating new valuable heredity over several generations. The special value of linear animals lies in the fact that they more steadfastly retain their high productive and breeding qualities in their offspring.Horses of the Zymyran line are distinguished by pronounced meaty forms, have an elongated body and a girth chest. According to the results of control slaughter, mares and colts of the Zymyran line, both in terms of the mass of carcasses obtained and in terms of slaughter yield, are characterized as highly productive meat animals, carcass weight (240.20-202.14) and slaughter yield (53.3-56.4%) . And in the Arda line, both in terms of the mass of carcasses obtained and in terms of slaughter yield, it is characterized as meat and dairy animals, carcass weight (225.10-197.00) and slaughter yield (52.3-56.2).Studies have shown that Kazakh mares of the toad type of two lines had unequal milk production. Mares of the Arda line (1787.1 kg) had a higher milk productivity under pasture conditions, while mares of the Zymyran line (1664.2 kg) had a higher milk productivity.

Influence of Hydroponic Feed With Phytobiotic Action on the Poultry Slaughter Parameters

The article describes the study of feeding birds by adding fenugreek plants, licorice root, amaranth grains to the feed ration of chickens, which have a phytobiotic effect and hydroponic grown grains of corn, barley, amaranth and fenugreek, which have high nutritional qualities and influence on the slaughter performance of birds in farms and private farms. The main indicators of the slaughter yield of the products of slaughter of young hens are analyzed: slaughter live weight, the mass of non-stranded carcass, the mass of half-gutted carcasses, the mass of gutted carcasses, and also the slaughter yield. Studies have established that the live weight of broilers of the experimental group before slaughter is higher by 13.19% (p≤0.001), an indicator of the control group. The differences are established due to the positive influence of chelating microelements on the biochemical processes in the bird's body, which in turn leads to the effective assimilation of the nutritional components of the diet, as well as the feed supplement, do not cause changes in the clinical state, pathological changes at macro- and microscopic levels in the body of broiler chickens.

Эффективность производства говядины при чистопородном разведении французских мясных пород скота

Abstract. The purpose is to study the efficiency of beef production from specialized meat breeds of cattle of French origin in comparison with the Hereford breed. Methods. Zootechnical, statistical and economic methods were used. Results. As a result of the conducted scientific and economic experience, the indicators of weight growth and meat productivity of cattle of the Charolais, Salers, Aubrac, Limousin breeds were studied in comparison with the Hereford cattle breed. Scientific novelty consists in the fact that for the first time in the conditions of Western Siberia, a comparative study of the indicators of weight growth from birth to 18 months of age and meat productivity of French beef cattle breeds with the Hereford breed was carried out. The conducted research has established the advantage in live weight and growth intensity of French beef cattle breeds. The largest live weight at 18 months was in Charolais bulls – 569.4 kg, which is more than in group I bulls by 53 kg (10.2 %) (p ≤ 0.001). In second place in terms of live weight were the bulls of the Obrak breed – 552.4 kg, which is significantly more than the peers of group I by 35.7 kg (10.3 %) (p ≤ 0.001. With intensive cultivation, the highest growth energy was demonstrated by bulls of French meat breeds 903.8–966.1. When slaughtered at the age of 15 and 18 months, heavy animal carcasses were obtained. Carcasses of French bull calves at slaughter at 15 months had a larger mass by 10.6–23.5 kg. By 18 months, the mass of paired carcasses increased to 286.6–318.5 kg. Economic analysis of the research results shows that in the production of beef from Charolais cattle, the profitability level is 66.5 %, Hereford breed – 60.6 %, Salers and Aubrac – 62.3, Limousin – 56.4 %.

Гистологические показатели мышц цыплят-бройлеров при применении в рационе кормовых добавок

The article presents the results of studying the effect of feed additives «HitAcid» and «Veleguard BG» on the histological parameters of the muscles of broiler chickens of the Ross-308 cross. The study was conducted at the Department of Parasitology and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA named after K. I. Skryabin». During the study, it was found that the use of additives «HitAcid» and «Veleguard BG» stimulate the set of live weight of broiler chickens, and show an increase in the set of muscle mass of carcasses. Indicators of the thickness of muscle fibers and bundles of muscle fibers of the quadriceps femoris and superficial pectoral muscle of broiler chickens of the experimental groups exceed those of the control group. In a comparative assessment of the micromorphometric parameters of the studied muscles, the greatest thickness of muscle fibers and bundles of muscle fibers was noted in the experimental group «HitAcid». The data obtained indicate the expediency of using food additives based on organic acids in the diet of broiler chickens.

Growth energy and quality of beef from bulls of Maine-Anjou, Chianina, and Santa Gertrudis breeds grown in Ukraine

Zonal genotypes have already been created using imported breeds to increase the number of meat cattle in Ukraine, but not enough studies related to the specific features of breeding and feeding imported genotypes in the Steppe zone of Ukraine have been conducted, which is relevant. The purpose of the study is to examine the productive and slaughter indicators of bulls of imported meat breeds of various ecological and genetic origins in the climatic conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine. Zootechnical, morphometric, biometric, and statistical methods were used in the research. The results of an analysis of the meat productivity of bulls of imported meat breeds of Maine-Anjou, Chianina, and Santa Gertrudis in the age aspect in the conditions of the steppe of the Dnieper region of Ukraine are presented. It was identified that when slaughtering experimental animals at the age of 18 months, the mass of paired carcasses of Maine-Anjou and Chianina was quite high and amounted to 324.2 and 311.3 kg, respectively, and the Santa Gertrudis – 233.3 kg, which is 1.39 and 1.33 times less than the young animals of Maine-Anjou and Chianina, respectively. It is proved that to use livestock more efficiently and obtain high-quality beef to improve the supply of meat to the population, it is advisable to grow them up to 18-24 months of age. Maine-Anjou animals dominate in terms of growth energy, age of reaching live weight during key growing periods, and feed conversion. In addition, due to the pronounced massiveness and habit of the body, have a larger carcass mass, the amount of internal fat, offal, as a result of which, the slaughter yield is higher. Based on the conducted studies, the possibility of effective breeding of Maine-Anjou bulls up to 12 months of age is proved, since during this period they reach a live weight of 400 kg and are characterised by the high production rate of lean beef, and for Chianina breed – up to 18 months of age and bigger weight conditions

FORMATION OF PHENOTYPICAL FEATURES OF BULLS OF IMPORTED MEAT BREEDS OF DIFFERENT ECOLOGICAL AND GENETIC ORIGIN IN THE STEPPE OF UKRAINE

To studied the meat productivity of bulls of Men-Anjou, Kian and Santa Gertrude breeds in the Experimental Farm “Polyvanivka” of SЕ Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS. Growing condition, keeping technology, level of feeding were the same. Up to 18 months, animals were kept loose, and later – on a leash. The diet was balanced according to the norm of A-UIL traditional forages for Steppe zone. Animals were slaughtered at 18, 24 and 30 months of age by 5 bulls from each group. The studies used zootechnical, biological, analytical, biochemical, morphological, biometric methods.
 It is proved that in order to make more efficient use of livestock and obtain high-quality competitive beef to improve the supply of meat to the population, it is advisable to grow bulls up to 2.5 years of age. At the same time, clinical indicators and indicators of animals’ blood biochemistry were normal. In terms of growth energy and feed conversion at all ages, Men-Anjou dominates, bulls reach a weight of 600 kg (or more) earlier than other peers due to the massiveness and habitus of their body, they have a greater mass of carcasses, internal fat, offal and skin, resulting in higher slaughter yield. The differences in the coefficient of meat, chemical composition of beef, and its culinary and taste qualities are insignificant. Under the conditions of the Ukrainian steppe, bulls of Men-Anjou, Kian and Santa Gertruda breeds showed productive and slaughter qualities characteristic of their genotypes during the formation of phenotypic traits. Imported breeds can be a source of genetic diversity in the development of beef cattle breeding in Ukraine.
 The beef of all studied bulls’ breeds meets is in a widely commercial demand. These breed of bulls steady pass on their positive traits to offspring, which can be used in the formation of Beef Cattle Breeding in Ukraine. Raising animals of the Men-Anjou, Kian and Santa Gertrude breeds up to 2.5 years of age will increase the production of high-quality beef in order to improve the supply of meat to the population and strengthen the country's food security.

Determinants of the exposure of Eurasian griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) to fluoroquinolones used in livestock: The role of supplementary feeding stations

Veterinary pharmaceuticals, including antibiotics, are emerging contaminants of concern worldwide. Avian scavengers are exposed to pharmaceuticals through consumption of livestock carcasses used for feeding wildlife for conservation purposes at supplementary feeding stations. Here we tested the hypothesis that griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) would be more exposed to antibiotics (i.e., quinolones) when feeding on livestock carcasses from intensive farming than when they rely on carcasses from extensive farming or wild animals. We sampled 657 adult griffon vultures captured between 2008 and 2012. In addition, we sampled tissues from domestic livestock supplied at feeding stations in the study area between 2009 and 2019; pig (n = 114), sheep (n = 28), cow (n = 1) and goat (n = 2). Samples were analysed by liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). Quinolones were detected in plasma from 12.9% of the griffon vultures analysed. Quinolone prevalence in griffon vultures varied significantly among feeding stations but was also affected by the total amount of carcasses supplemented, especially the mass of pig carcasses. These results aligned with a 21.1% quinolone prevalence in pig carcasses sampled at feeding stations, wherein enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin levels of up to 3359 ng/g and 1550 ng/g, respectively, were found. Given enrofloxacin pharmacokinetics in pig tissues, 5.3% of the analysed pigs may have died no more than one day after treatment. Quinolone presence in vultures was negatively associated with blood lead levels, which mostly originates from lead ammunition and indicates a higher consumption of game animal carcasses. Carcass disposal for feeding avian scavengers must always assess and manage the risks posed by veterinary pharmaceuticals, especially when livestock provided may have died soon after treatment.

Economic efficiency of using high energy of bulls’ growth

The article presents the results of research on the comparative assessment of the growth, development and meat productivity of calves and castrates of Kalmyk and Simmental breeds under the same conditions of feeding and maintenance and identification of ways to increase the profitability of beef production by using the physiological state of young animals. The experimental young animals received the same amount of feed by volume and the composition of the diet was the same. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that the live weight of bulls of both breeds with their intensive cultivation exceeded the mass of castrates in all age periods. After weaning, there was no significant difference in the live weight of calves of the Kalmyk and Simmental breeds, which had a live weight of 255.6 and 253.9 kg, respectively, and by the age of 15.5 months, many bulls of both breeds reached from 500 to 520 kg. Castrates of both breeds grew less intensively. However, in the final period of fattening, they gave a high average daily increase (more than a kilogram). The Kalmyk castrati were less demanding of coarse feeds and used them better. According to the indicators of the control slaughter, it can be noted that the mass of carcasses of bulls of both breeds is the same, and castrates had such a mass of carcasses only at the age of 18 months. At the same time, the carcass mass of castrates of the Simmental breed was 7.6 kg lower than the carcass mass of Kalmyk castrates. Bulls and castrates of both breeds gave an exceptionally high slaughter yield. At the same time, animals of the Kalmyk breed have a higher slaughter yield due to the large accumulation of internal fat. An analysis of the data on the efficiency of beef production when selling one head of bulls at 15-16 months of age compared with castrates shows that the level of profitability per sold head is higher for both breeds by 1.8 and 4.3%, respectively. Thus, due to the peculiarities of the hormonal status of bulls, compared with castrates, they have an increased ability to grow, protein synthesis and reduced fat formation. However, castrates can also be grown extensively and for a longer time in less favorable conditions and receive high-quality beef, steers – only intensively and for a limited period (up to 16-18 months).

INFLUENCE OF GENOTYPE AND TECHNOLOGY OF GROWING ON GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTIVE QUALITY OF CALFS

The meat productivity of animals of a particular breed is due to morphological and physiological characteristics that are formed and developed under the influence of heredity and environmental conditions (feeding and maintenance) during the rearing period. In the process of growth and development of animals, significant quantitative and qualitative changes occur, associated with an increase in weight and changes in the morphological composition of the carcass. When studying the influence of breed on the productive qualities of black-and-white bulls and aberdeen angus x black-and-white hybrids raised according to the technology of dairy cattle breeding, it was found that the advantage in live weight of aberdeen angus x black-and-white hybrids at the age of 2 months. on the6 kg or 8,3% (P<0,05) and at 3 months. - on the 7 kg or 7,3% (P<0,05). Average daily gains in live weight for the entire period of the experiment from birth to 6-6,5 months. were practically the same - 766 and 755 g. Heterosis in terms of growth intensity in crossbred gobies did not appear. The mass of paired carcasses of aberdeen angus gobies x black-and-white hybrids was on 11,9 kg or 15,9% (P<0,05) higher than among peers of the black-and-white breed, as well as the slaughter yield - by 7,8% (P<0,001), which amounted to 52,5% versus 44,7%. In calves of the control group and aberdeen angus x black-and-white hybrids, the flesh of the carcass (trimmed meat) is about 78%. According to the coefficient of meat content (yield of pulp on1 kg bones), no practical differences have been established, and in terms of fat and protein, in the average sample of meat, black-and-white bulls surpass their peers by 0,3 and 0,4%, respectively. According to the chemical composition of the longest muscle of the back, purebred bulls at the age of 6-6,5 months, compared to hybrid young animals, are distinguished by an increased fat content - by 0,6%.

INFLUENCE OF GENOTYPE AND TECHNOLOGY OF GROWING ON GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTIVE QUALITY OF CALFS

The meat productivity of animals of a particular breed is due to morphological and physiological characteristics that are formed and developed under the influence of heredity and environmental conditions (feeding and maintenance) during the rearing period. In the process of growth and development of animals, significant quantitative and qualitative changes occur, associated with an increase in weight and changes in the morphological composition of the carcass. When studying the influence of breed on the productive qualities of black-and-white bulls and aberdeen angus x black-and-white hybrids raised according to the technology of dairy cattle breeding, it was found that the advantage in live weight of aberdeen angus x black-and-white hybrids at the age of 2 months. on the6 kg or 8,3% (P<0,05) and at 3 months. - on the 7 kg or 7,3% (P<0,05). Average daily gains in live weight for the entire period of the experiment from birth to 6-6,5 months. were practically the same - 766 and 755 g. Heterosis in terms of growth intensity in crossbred gobies did not appear. The mass of paired carcasses of aberdeen angus gobies x black-and-white hybrids was on 11,9 kg or 15,9% (P<0,05) higher than among peers of the black-and-white breed, as well as the slaughter yield - by 7,8% (P<0,001), which amounted to 52,5% versus 44,7%. In calves of the control group and aberdeen angus x black-and-white hybrids, the flesh of the carcass (trimmed meat) is about 78%. According to the coefficient of meat content (yield of pulp on1 kg bones), no practical differences have been established, and in terms of fat and protein, in the average sample of meat, black-and-white bulls surpass their peers by 0,3 and 0,4%, respectively. According to the chemical composition of the longest muscle of the back, purebred bulls at the age of 6-6,5 months, compared to hybrid young animals, are distinguished by an increased fat content - by 0,6%.

МЯСНАЯ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ ЦЫПЛЯТ-БРОЙЛЕРОВ ПРИ ВКЛЮЧЕНИИ В ИХ РАЦИОН ПРОБИОТИКА СУБ-ПРО

The possibility of including SUB-PRO probiotic instead of Maxus G feed antibiotic in the diet of broiler chickens of Ross 308 cross was studied to obtain products free of drugs for antimicrobial resistance usage. The dynamics of live weight and carcass weight of cockerels at 1-, 21-, 28-, 34-, 38- and 42-days old was determined. The males of the control group (group 1) reached live weight of 2619 ± 44.9, experimental - 2739 ± 46.2 or more by 4.38%, at P≤0.05 by 42 days of age, and those which received feed antibiotic ( group 3) - 2677 ± 45.1 (further, meat productivity of the latter was not studied, since they are not of practical importance). The mass of carcasses of the experimental group was equal to 1704 ± 23.1 g, which is 4.60% more than the control, at P≤0.05; the relative mass of muscle tissue increased with age by 10.78% in the experimental group in comparison with the 1-day -olds, in the control group - by 10.0%, whereas the mass of bones decreased by 16.75 and 16.59%, respectively (by the difference); the diameter of muscle fibers of superficial pectoral muscle of 42-day-old broilers of the experimental group increased with age by 6.94 times and amounted to 57.9 μm; in terms of microbiological parameters, carcass meat meets the requirements of the interstate standard GOST 31468—2012. At the age of 42 days, cockerels of the control group showed dystrophic changes in the superficial pectoral muscle in the form of an expansion of the endomysium diameter, with the accumulation of interfiber fluid (albuminous degeneration), while some cockerels of the experimental group have fibers with vacuoles and infiltration by immunocompetent cells (leukocytes, phagocytes). Adding SUB-PRO probiotic in the broilers’ diet instead of the feed antibiotic does not reduce productivity, but excludes the negative consequences of feed antibiotics.

ПРОБИОТИЧЕСКИЙ ПРЕПАРАТ «КОРМОМИКС МОС» В ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ВЫРАЩИВАНИЯ МОЛОДНЯКА ОВЕЦ

The results of the use of the prebiotic drug "Kormomix MOS", when growing sheep of the Stavropol breed up to 8 months of age in semi-desert conditions are presented. During the period of the lambing campaign, two groups of queens with sheep aged 30 days were formed in the flock of sheep. Lambs were selected according to the method of analogues of 20 heads in each group. For separate feeding of lambs inside the sakman cages made of wooden shields, "canteens" with an area of 15 m2 were equipped. The prebiotic drug "Kormomix-MOS" is 5 g per head per day for 30 days. Its positive effect on the increase in live weight and meat productivity has been established. According to the live weight, the superiority of the animals of the experimental group over the control ones was 1.95 kg or 5.6% (P>0.999). The experienced animals had the best meat qualities. According to the pre-slaughter weight, the excess was 5.2%, according to the mass of chilled carcasses, the advantage was 1.16 kg (8.3%), respectively. The lethal yield was also 42.2 % in the experimental group, and it was 41.13% in the control group, respectively. The analysis of the yield of cuts by varieties also indicates that in the carcasses of animals of the II experimental group, the yield of first – class cuts-hip, lumbar and shoulder-spinal, was greater than in the control ones by 0.5%. In terms of morphological composition, the carcasses of group II sheep exceeded the control in terms of the yield of edible parts (pulp) by 0.91%, the meat content coefficient - by 0.06 and the area of the muscle eye – by 0.21 cm2 or 2.1%. When cutting carcasses into anatomical cuts, the advantage of experimental animals over control animals was also established. The average shoulder-spinal cut in the group of experimental animals was 6.57 kg, and the hip cut was 4.29 kg, which exceeded the control ones by 8.2% and 8.9%, respectively. No significant differences were found for the remaining cuts. The mass of the internal organs of the experimental animals was generally greater than that of the control animals, but there was no statistical difference.

ПРЕБИОТИЧЕСКИЙ ПРЕПАРАТ «КОРМОМИКС МОС» В ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ВЫРАЩИВАНИЯ МОЛОДНЯКА ОВЕЦ

The results of the use of the prebiotic drug "Kormomix MOS", when growing sheep of the Stavropol breed up to 8 months of age in semi-desert conditions are presented. During the period of the lambing campaign, two groups of queens with sheep aged 30 days were formed in the flock of sheep. Lambs were selected according to the method of analogues of 20 heads in each group. For separate feeding of lambs inside the sakman cages made of wooden shields, "canteens" with an area of 15 m2 were equipped. The prebiotic drug "Kormomix-MOS" is 5 g per head per day for 30 days. Its positive effect on the increase in live weight and meat productivity has been established. According to the live weight, the superiority of the animals of the experimental group over the control ones was 1.95 kg or 5.6% (P>0.999). The experienced animals had the best meat qualities. According to the pre-slaughter weight, the excess was 5.2%, according to the mass of chilled carcasses, the advantage was 1.16 kg (8.3%), respectively. The lethal yield was also 42.2 % in the experimental group, and it was 41.13% in the control group, respectively. The analysis of the yield of cuts by varieties also indicates that in the carcasses of animals of the II experimental group, the yield of first – class cuts-hip, lumbar and shoulder-spinal, was greater than in the control ones by 0.5%. In terms of morphological composition, the carcasses of group II sheep exceeded the control in terms of the yield of edible parts (pulp) by 0.91%, the meat content coefficient - by 0.06 and the area of the muscle eye – by 0.21 cm2 or 2.1%. When cutting carcasses into anatomical cuts, the advantage of experimental animals over control animals was also established. The average shoulder-spinal cut in the group of experimental animals was 6.57 kg, and the hip cut was 4.29 kg, which exceeded the control ones by 8.2% and 8.9%, respectively. No significant differences were found for the remaining cuts. The mass of the internal organs of the experimental animals was generally greater than that of the control animals, but there was no statistical difference.

Use of probiotic feed additive Prolaksim-V in diet of broiler chickens

Method for using probiotic feed additive Prolaksim-V with a therapeutic and preventive effect to improve the indicators of live weight gain, feed conversion and the safety of poultry stock was proposed by the authors. Composition of Prolaksim-V feed additive is dominated by species of lactic and propionic bacteria: Streptococcus salivarius LT-1, Lactobacillus acidophilus LT-12, Streptococcus thermophilus LT-9, LT-10 and Propionibacterium freudenreichi LT-8. These bacteria perform an important physiological role in the organism due to their protective and synthetic functions, as well as participation in the final link of the digestive process. Probiotic flora plays a leading role in maintaining and normalizing intestinal microbiocenosis, maintaining non-specific resistance of the body, improving protein and mineral metabolism, etc. deficiency of lactic and propionic bacteria is one of the pathogenetic factors of long-term intestinal dysfunctions. It leads to a violation of mineral metabolism, to the formation of chronic digestive disorders. There is evidence that used bacteria are some suppliers of a number of essential amino acids, primarily tryptophan, as well as vitamins. Protective role of lactic and propionic bacteria in vivo is largely due to the formation of organic acids that prevent the development of putrid and pathogenic forms of microorganisms. The analytical action of these microorganisms is due to the presence of propionic and lactic acids, resulting in a decrease in the pH of the intestinal contents. It was found that the use of probiotic preparation in feeding broiler chickens contributes to an increase in the daily growth of poultry in the experimental groups, compared with the control. There was also an increase in the mass of gutted carcasses, improvement in feed conversion, and an increase in the safety indicators of poultry that receive probiotic together with the general diet.

Development and meat production of lamps at feeding with prebiotic preparation Kormomiks-MOS

The results of the application of the prebiotic preparation “Kormomiks MOS” for the raising of rams of the Stavropol breed up to 8 months of age are presented. Its positive effect on the gain in live weight and meat productivity has been established. In terms of live weight, the superiority of the animals of the experimental groups over the control was 2.56 kg, or 7.5% (P> 0.999). Experienced animals had the best meat qualities. For pre-slaughter weight, the excess was from 5.2%, for the mass of chilled carcasses - from 1.16 kg (8.3%).

Using biological protective agents in turkey farms

This research aimed to study the effect of adding new feed additives “Asido Bio-TCIT” in drinking water” in a dose of 1.0 ml/head/day on the productivity and hematological characters of turkey poults “BIG-6 “cross. Results showed that using of “Asido Bio-TCIT” leads to an improvement in the main production indicators of growth and development of turkeys; survival rate increases by 4.0%;the average daily gain in live weight is increased by 13.1%; feed costs per 1 kg live weight are reduced by 9.88%;the mass of gutted carcasses of the experimental group is higher than the control by 12.3%;the liver mass of the carcasses of the experimental group is higher than the control by 14.8%, and the heart weight is more by 17.9%.In addition to, total blood proteins show marked increase in the experimental group turkeys by 3.02 % compared with the control group. On biochemical analysis, a significant difference was observed in increase in the amount of hemoglobin and red blood corpuscles in the experimental group of turkeys by 8.82%, 8.29%, respectively.

Intensity of muscular system growth in purebred and crossbred steers depending on functional loads

The intensity of muscular system growth is largely determined by functional loads on it, and the frequency of growth and development of muscular system is associated with successive differentiations and is largely due to age-related changes in the level of sex steroids. Since crossbreeding is one of the effective methods of expanding the slaughter contingent of cattle the study of the intensity of muscular system growth of carcasses in purebred and crossbred animals is relevant and has indisputable practical application. The results of researches devoted to the study of the influence of functional loads on the intensity of growth and development of muscular system in steers of Blackand-White breed and its hybrids with Aberdeen-Angus and Charolais have been presented in the article. Muscle mass of carcasses was the biggest in Charolais crossbreds at the age of 12, 15 and 18 months it was, respectively, 172,4; 213,8 and 253,6 kg, which is significantly more than in herdmates of the maternal breed and Aberdeen-Angus crossbreds. The periodicity of muscular system development in the anatomical parts of carcasses has been found that largely due to functional loads as a result of which there is a redistribution of the muscular component in them. The biggest intensity of growth is typical for the muscle mass of the abdominal part, the least-for the muscles of the forearm and lower leg. A quarter of all muscles of carcasses accounted for the thigh in which the largest and most valuable in the nutrient framework are the biceps, quadriceps, semimembranosus, semitendinous muscles. The relative weight of the muscles located in the anatomical regions of the axial part of the skeleton with the age of animals has being increased and the muscles of the peripheral part of the skeleton-naturally has being decreased.

Technological and nutritional properties of meat from female wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa L.) of different carcass weights.

The aim of this work was to assess the technological and nutritional quality of meat from female wild boars. The muscle samples – Musculus longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) and Musculus semimembranosus (SM) – were taken from a total of 40 female wild boar after a hunt. Carcasses were allocated to five groups according to weight (group I – kg; group II – kg; group III – kg; group IV – kg; group V – kg). Studies that have been carried out have shown that technological and nutritional properties of meat from wild boars depend on the mass of carcasses and the type of muscle. The pH of analyzed wild boar meat proved that there was normal glycolysis and glycogenolysis progress in all groups. The water holding capacity (WHC) of SM muscles from the lowest-weight carcasses was significantly () lower as compared to the heavier carcasses. There were significant differences () in the shear force of the LTL muscle between groups I, IV and V. The muscles cut from carcasses of a higher mass represent higher values of this parameter. The higher-mass carcasses were characterized by a darker color, which resulted from the higher concentration of myoglobin. The protein concentration increased with carcass weight. A similar effect of carcass weight on the content of intramuscular fat (IMF) was found. Due to the low calorie content, the meat of young wild boar may be an interesting and attractive component of the diet.

The Colonization of Necrophagous Larvae Accelerates the Decomposition of Chicken Carcass and the Emission of Volatile Attractants for Blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae).

The decomposition of a living being involves a series of changes produced by a number of interacting abiotic and biotic factors. In this study, we analyzed the effect of the colonization of blowflies on the decomposition of chicken carcasses and on the emission of sulfur compounds. The loss of the mass of carcasses and the release rate of sulfur compounds were compared for 30 d in chicken carcasses with and without blowflies in field conditions. The tissue degradation was slower in the carcasses without insects compared to those colonized by blowflies. The decomposition stages of fresh, bloated, active decay, and advanced decay were observed in the carcasses without flies; while the decomposition stages of fresh, active decay, advanced decay, and dry remains were identified in carcasses with flies. Two sulfur compounds, dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide, were present during the entire decomposition process. The emission of these compounds is not directly associated with the presence of the blowflies' immature stages during the whole decomposition process. However, in cadavers with insects, the highest emission of both compounds occurred in day 2, while in cadavers without insects, the peak of emission was observed in day 4. In addition, the presence of the larval stages I and II of Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann, 1819) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart, 1842) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), and Cochliomyia macellaria Fabricius, 1775 (Diptera: Calliphoridae) matched with the peak of emission of both compounds.

Quality of meat and bacon of signs of swine breeds of landrace of different status and genotype

Livestock breeding has a number of technological features. They are related to the specific properties of the object of cultivation – animals. In order to obtain high-quality animals, high-quality products must take into account their genetic features. For example, in pigs, the quality of meat, fat, smoked pork determines the breed of animals, their sex, age and the direction of cultivation. Therefore, the study of the impact of sex and genotype on the productivity of pigs is relevant and practically valuable. There are many literature on the quality of pork animals of various breeds: Landrace, Durok, Great White and others. Scientists note that the best bacon and meat qualities are pigs of pores Landrace. However, scientific literature knows little about the way the sex and origin of animals affect the quality of meat and bacon in these pigs. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to study the slaughter, the qualities of bacon, the physico-chemical indicators of meat and fat females and castrated male species of landraces of two lines List and Brom. During the experiment, zootechnical, statistical, biometric, biochemical methods of research were used. Scientific research was carried out in the complex of fattening and slaughter of the shop of a private enterprise. During the experiment, it was found that the mass of pigs after slaughter, the mass of carcasses and the yield of carcasses of females and castrated males of both lines did not differ. However, the visceral fat content was higher in women by 1.24–8.98% than in men. The properties of the pigs of both sexes were the same. However, in the male line of Brom, the width of the rear half of the carcass was 15% higher than that of women. The assessment of the quality of meat showed that females on both lines dominated by males for the content of fat, marble and calories. It has been experimentally established that the quality parameters of adipose tissue of Landrace have sex differences in the lines List and Brom. It was established that the water content in adipose tissue in women was lower in comparison with men by 0.5–2.35%, the fat was higher than 0.37–3.25%, the iodine number was 3.43–3.68 units. Our research can be recommended to companies that specialize in pig breeding. If a company breeds animals for processing into bacon or smoked, it is advisable to grow a breed from the Brom line. In this case, the best ham can be obtained from castrated males, and juicy, tender meat and more fatty tissue – in females.