Biosorbent Mass Research Articles

Biosorption potential of brown algae, Sargassum polycystum, for the removal of toxic metals, cadmium and zinc.

In this research work, the biosorption potential of brown algae, Sargassum polycystum, was investigated for the removal of toxic metals, cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn), under controlled environmental conditions. The biosorbent prepared from the S. polycystum was characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The optimal conditions identified using Box-Behnken design (BBD) for Cd removal were pH: 4.65, biosorbent mass: 1.8 g/L and shaking speed: 76 rpm. For zinc, the optimum values were pH: 5.7, biosorbent mass: 1.2 g/L and shaking speed: 125 rpm, respectively. The equilibrium uptake of the metals, Cd and Zn, was evaluated by isotherm models. The Langmuir isotherm proved to be an excellent fit confirming single layer of sorption. The maximum Cd and Zn uptakes achieved were 105.26 mg/g and 116.2 mg/g respectively. The kinetics of Cd and Zn biosorption onto brown algae Sargassum polycystum, follows pseudo-second order. The thermodynamic parameters were determined, and the sorption process was found to be feasible. Desorption studies of Cd and Zn were performed, and the bio sorbent reproduced appreciable efficiency for five successive cycles of sorption-desorption process using HCl.

Zinc-Containing Effluent Treatment Using Shewanella xiamenensis Biofilm Formed on Zeolite.

The sorption properties of Shewanella xiamenensis biofilm formed on zeolite (mineral-organic sorbent) as a sorbent have been investigated aiming to determine its suitability for complex zinc-containing effluent treatment. The optimum conditions for metal sorption from synthetic solutions were evaluated by changing the pH, zinc concentration, temperature, and time of sorption. The highest removal of metal ions was attained at pH range 3.0–6.0 within 60–150 min of sorbent-sorbate contact. The results obtained from the equilibrium studies were described using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models. Maximum sorption capacity of the sorbent calculated from the Langmuir model changed from 3.4 to 6.5 mg/g. High coefficient of determination values calculated for pseudo-second-order and Elovich models indicate the predominant role of chemisorption in metal removal. Gibbs energy and ∆H° values point at the spontaneous and endothermic character of the sorption. The effect of pH and biosorbent mass on Zn(II) sorption from industrial effluent with an initial Zn(II) concentration of 52.8 mg/L was tested. Maximum removal of zinc ions (85%) was achieved at pH 6.0 by applying a two-step treatment system.

PEMANFAATAN KULIT PISANG SEBAGAI MEDIA PENYERAPAN LOGAM PADA LIMBAH CAIR (REVIEW JURNAL)

Kulit pisang diketahui mempunyai kemampuan dalam menyerap logam berat khususnya logam kadmium karena menghasilkan persen penyerapan tertinggi. Tujuan studi literatur yaitu untuk mengetahui aktivator terbaik pada adsorben, hubungan waktu kontak dengan persen penyerapan logam kadmium, dan hubungan massa adsorben dengan persen penyerapan logam kadmium. Aktivator yang digunakan pada studi literatur ini adalah HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, NaOH, KOH, dan H3PO4. Karbon aktif yang terbaik dari studi literatur didapatkan pada suhu karbonasi 300-500˚C dengan menggunakan aktivator HCl, sedangkan untuk biosorben hasil terbaik didapatkan pada suhu 75-100˚C dengan aktivator NaOH. Hasil terbaik pada karbon aktif didapatkan persen penyerapan sebesar 98,35% dengan massa 0,8 gram dan waktu kontak 90 menit, sedangkan pada biosorben didapatkan persen penyerapan sebesar 99,21% dengan massa 15 gram dan waktu kontak 3 menit. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa biosorben efektif digunakan dalam penyerapan logam kadmium dibandingkan karbon aktif.
 
 Kata kunci : Kulit Pisang, Karbon Aktif, Biosorben, dan Persen Penyerapan

Optimalisasi Biomassa Alga Hijau Ulva sp. Sebagai Biosorben Logam Berat Cr(VI)

Heavy metals are dangerous pollutants because it can’t be degraded by organism or can’t accumulated in environment. Heavy metals can settles at the bottom of the waters. One of the dangerous heavy metals is Hexavalent Chromium or Cr(VI). Research on reducing heavy metal pollution is important, there are many methods that can be use to reduce heavy metal. Biosorption one of the methods which is effective and efficient for reducing heavy metal pollution because the biomaterials or biosorbent used is able to absorb metals. The purpose of this research was to determine the optimum conditions for green algae which is Ulva sp. to adsorb Cr(VI) metal ions. Utilization of algae Ulva sp. as a biosorbent can help to reduce ecological problems due to algae that can bloom and also it can minimize pollution of heavy metals Cr(VI). Based on the results of the research the optimum conditions for biosorption of Cr(VI) by Ulva sp. influenced by several parameters such as pH, biosorbent dosem initial Cr(VI) concentration and contact time. In this research the most optimal conditions for the biosorpstion of Cr(VI) using Ulva sp. as a biosorbent is at pH 2, the mass of biosorbent 10 gr, initial concentration of Cr(VI) 4 mg/L for 90 minutes. The maximum efficiencies of Cr(VI) removal was 98,88% and capacity for absorb was 0,093 mg/g.

Investigation of acetaminophen adsorption with a biosorbent as a purification method of aqueous solution

ABSTRACT Pharmaceutical compounds are considered emerging environmental pollutants that have a potential harmful impact on environment and human health. In this study, the spiky green horse-chestnut shell was used for the biosorption and removal of acetaminophen from aqueous solution. It was analysed how the parameters, like contact time, pH, mass of biosorbent and temperature, influence the effectiveness of acetaminophen removal from aqueous solutions. The equilibrium was quickly achieved after 10 min (∼60%). The amount of acetaminophen adsorption slightly increased with the increase of the mass of biosorbent, and for example for an aqueous solution containing 10 mg/L of acetaminophen adsorption was increased from 62% to 81%. The promising results obtained at pH ranged between 2 and 9, which shows that the adsorption of acetaminophen did not depend on the pH and it may be a consequence of the predominant microporous sorbent and its surface charge. The result is better correlated to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model of type 2 (r 2 = 0.9992) than pseudo-first-order. A sorption mechanism of acetaminophen on biosorbent was also proposed. The sorption of acetaminophen over biosorbent is mainly preceded by hydrophilic interactions between hydroxyl and carbonyl groups in pharmaceutical molecules and hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the surface of biosorbent.

Enhancing of Copper (II) Adsorption Efficiency by Mixing Plantain and Orange Peelings as Bio-Sorbent Support

The present study focuses on the valorization of plantain and orange peels in the field of water treatment contaminated by heavy metals, especially copper (II). To carry out this study, simplex centroid mixture design was used to determine best mixture from plantain and orange peelings through iodine number, specific surface area and point of zero charge. The influence of contact time, adsorbed amount, bio-sorbent mass, medium temperature and medium pH were equally investigated from best mixture and thermodynamic parameters were also carried out. The results show that R2, Absolute Average Deviation (AAD), biais factor and exactitude factor are respectively 89.39%, 0.01, 1.00 and 1.00 for iodine number, 94.13%, 0.03, 0.99 and 0.99 for Specific surface Area (SA) and 97.05%, 0.01, 1.00 and 1.00 for Point of Zero Charge (PZC). These values are in agreement with the interval set to validate the model. Besides, desirability is 1.00, 0.80 and 0.77 respectively for specific surface area, iodine number and zero point of charge and closer to 1. The best mixture from this study is 90% of orange peelings proportion and 10% of plantain peelings proportion. The results also show that contact time is 10 min, adsorbed amount of copper ions (II) increases with initial copper concentration, bio-sorbent mass and medium temperature. Adsorbed amount increases for pH between 3 and 5 and decreases for pH greater than 5. The efficiency of Copper (II) removal is about 88.11% for the native bio-sorbent and 97.04% for activated bio-sorbent. These efficiencies are higher than those obtained from orange and plantain peelings taken individually and are ranged between 70 and 85%. The pseudo second order describes perfectly the adsorption mechanism followed by intra particular diffusion while the isotherm adsorption is well described by Langmuir and Freundlich model. The thermodynamic parameters indicate that adsorption reaction is spontaneous, reversible and endothermic.

Use of sweet ‘Pêra’ peel as an adsorbent in the treatment of textile effluents

ABSTRACT The disposal of industrial wastewater into aquatic bodies without proper treatment can cause severe damage to the environment and human health. The objective of this study was to perform the drying of the sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) peel cultivar Pêra and evaluate the viability of its use as biosorbent in the removal of a direct dye. Drying was carried out in an oven with air circulation at temperatures of 60 and 80 ºC. The mathematical models of Page, Henderson and Pabis, Logarithmic, Midilli and Two-term exponential were fitted to the moisture data as a function of time. The material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, point of zero charge, and infrared spectroscopy. In the adsorption study, a complete 24 factorial design was used to analyze the influence of mass, initial concentration, solution pH and contact time on adsorbed quantity (qt) and removal percentage of the dye (R%). In the drying, the two-term exponential model fitted best to the experimental data. The characterization of the material indicated that the adsorbent has zero charge point of 3.5 and porous structure, and the infrared analysis indicated the presence of carboxylic and hydroxyl groups. In the adsorption, the adsorbed quantity of the dye increased under conditions of lower pH and biosorbent mass and higher initial concentration and contact time. The removal percentage of dye increases with higher biosorbent mass. The biosorbent used is a promising waste for the adsorption of the burgundy-16 dye.

Penurunan Kadar COD, BOD dan Nitrit Limbah Pabrik Tahu Menggunakan Karbon Aktif Ampas Bubuk Kopi

<p>The industrial wastewater load pollutant caused without treatment. This study uses a simple technology to reduce the levels of COD, BOD5, and Nitrite by using coffee husk to minimized waters pollution or environmental damage. Adsorbents are activated by HCl 0.1 N and carbonized with muffle furnance to enlarge the surface area of the sorbent and to absorb the contaminants in the effluent of tofu industry. Tofu wastes containing COD, BOD5 and Nitrite contacted with activated carbon with varying weight of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 gr and different stirring times 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 minutes and 125 rpm stirring speed with biosorbent size 80-100 mesh. The stirring time 10-30 minutes with the average concentration absorbed for BOD5 > 180 mg/l, COD > 650 mg/l and NO2- > 20 mg/l and increasing the mass of biosorbent can increase the concentrasion of adsorption. The efficiency absorption of wastewater absorbs more BOD5 than COD and Nitrite with BOD5 absorption efficiency is 85.38%. Adsorption of BOD5, COD and Nitrite follows Langmuir’s isotherm equation with R2 value is 0,8104 for BOD5, 0,7121 for COD and 0,7467 for nitrite</p>

Removal of Platinum and Palladium from Wastewater by Means of Biosorption on Fungi Aspergillus sp. and Yeast Saccharomyces sp.

The emission of platinum group metals from different sources has caused elevated concentrations of platinum and palladium in samples of airborne particulate matter, soil, surface waters and sewage sludge. The ability of biomass of Aspergillus sp. and yeast Saccharomyces sp. for removal of Pt(IV) and Pd(II) from environmental samples was studied in this work. The pH of the solution, the mass of biosorbent, and contact time were optimized. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms and kinetic results were used for interpretation of the process equilibrium of Pt(IV) and Pd(II) on both microorganisms. The maximal efficiency of retention of Pt(IV) on yeast and fungi was obtained at acidic solutions (pH 2.0 for Pt(IV) and pH 2.5–3.5 for Pd(II)). The equilibrium of the biosorption process was attained within 45 min. The best interpretation for the experimental data was given by the Langmuir isotherm. Kinetics of the Pt and Pd adsorption process suit well the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. Fungi Aspergillus sp. shows higher adsorption capacity for both metals than yeast Saccharomyces sp. The maximum adsorption capacity of fungi was 5.49 mg g−1 for Pt(IV) and 4.28 mg g−1 for Pd(II). The fungi possess the ability for efficient removal of studied ions from different wastewater samples (sewage and road run-off water). It was also demonstrated, that quantitative recovery of Pd from industrial wastes could be obtained by biosorption using Aspergillus sp.

Biosorbent from Chinese Cabbage (<i>Brassica pekinensia </i>L.) for Phenol Contaminated Waste Water Treatment

Water pollution is one of the most common problem in industrialized society owing to increase in manufacturing process. Phenol is one of the water pollutant subsequently released into the waste water in manufacturing papers, paints, textile and plastics. Phenol caused serious health effect if in contact with human hence removal of this substance from waste water is crucial. Using bio sorbent in adsorption of phenol offered a green and cheap method for phenol removal particularly in Bandung area where supply of bio sorbent from agricultural waste are abundant. Biomass from Chinese cabbage (Brassica Pekinensis L.) contains cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, among other substances that present in smaller amount. Dried stems were blended and filtered through 140 mesh and washed with ethanol to provide biosorbent. Modification was carried out by treatment with epichlorohydrin and HCl. Biosorbents were characterized using FTIR, SEM and BET analysis. Adsorption study was carried out according to the following parameters: pH range 5-9, contact time 10-80 minutes, mass of biosorbent 0.2-1.1 g and initial concentration of phenol is 10-50 mg/L. Upon adsorption, the concentration of phenol was measured by HPLC analysis at the following parameter: eluent methanol: water 7:3 v/v, flowrate 0.8 mL/minute at 273 nm. Untreated biosorbent showed adsorption capacity 0.097 mg/g whilst treatment with epichlorohydrine and HCl showed a decrease in adsorption capacity of 0.057 mg/g and 0.059 mg/g respectively. The optimum adsorption capacity was obtained at pH 8, 20 minutes contact time, 0.8 g mass of biosorbent and initial phenol concentration of 10 mg/L.

Effective and High-Throughput Analytical Methodology for the Determination of Lead and Cadmium in Water Samples by Disposable Pipette Extraction Coupled with High-Resolution Continuum Source Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (HR-CS GF AAS)

A new procedure for the preconcentration of trace amounts of free Pb and Cd by disposable pipette extraction (DPX) is proposed herein. Recycled cork is used as a biosorbent and the procedure is completely free of organic solvents. The cork was reduced to a powder and characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Several parameters that influence the preconcentration of Pb and Cd with DPX-cork, such as the sample pH, number of extraction cycles, biosorbent mass, and percentage of acid in the desorption step, were studied. The tolerance of DPX-cork with respect to 10 potential interfering ions was also evaluated. Coupled with the high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS GF AAS) technique, the sample preparation method allowed the analytical limits required for quality control (according to the permitted limits established by legislation) to be obtained. The limits of detection for the extraction of a 3.5-mL water sample were 200 ng L−1 for Pb and 100 ng L−1 for Cd. The relative standard deviations were around 7.5% for Pb and 8.0% for Cd. The optimized method was successfully applied to the determination of Cd and Pb in two certified reference materials (water and wastewater) and five water samples (collected from a mangrove, a creek, and the sea).

Heavy metal sorption in biosorbents – Using spent grain from the brewing industry

The sorption properties of brewer's spent grain (BSG) were assessed in terms of its usefulness in removing heavy metals from solutions. The specific objectives of the investigation involved studying sorption equilibrium and kinetics, assessing the influence of other cations on sorption efficiency, and examining the possibility of bed regeneration. The studies were carried out in a static system, with a constant ratio of solution volume to biosorbent mass, and using a flow through system. The affinity of metal cations to BSG functional groups was established and increased in the series: Mn2+ ≈ Zn2+ < Ni2+ < Cd2+ < Cu2+ < Pb2+. The BSG's sorption capacities (mmol g−1), determined using the Langmuir model, ranged from 0.020 (Mn) to 0.041 (Pb), with measurements of uncertainty not exceeding 20%. It was determined that a relatively high concentration of calcium cations (7.5 mmol L−1) versus copper cation concentration (0.03 mmol L−1) in solution, restricted the sorption efficiency by approximately 80%. The optimum pH of the solution used to carry out the sorption was determined to be within the range of 4.5–5.5. It was found that the functional groups of the BSG lose their efficacy over consecutive sorption and desorption cycles due to being blocked, or due to their chemical decomposition. This indicated that the proper interpretation of the results requires a statistical assessment of the measurements of uncertainty and of the uncertainty of determination of the sorption parameters.

Optimization of Pb(II) Biosorption with Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) Seeds Using Response Surface Methodology

Date palm seeds (Phoenix dactylifera L.) were investigated as a biosorbent for removal of Pb(II) ions, which has a toxic effect on the environment. A batch sorption process was applied. Optimization of Pb(II) biosorption ontodate palm seedswas successfully carried out using response surface methodology. The effects of process variables, such as pH, initial Pb(II) concentration and biosorbent mass, on the adsorbed amount of Pb(II) were investigated using Box-Behnken design. The fitted results were found to be in good agreement with the results obtained by performing the experiments. The second-order response function showed that pH and initial Pb(II) concentration had positive effects, while biosorbent mass showed a negative effect. Initial Pb(II) concentration was the most significant factors that affected the removal of Pb(II) under the studied conditions. The maximum uptake of Pb(II) predicted by optimization plots was 24.07 mg/g at pH 5 initial Pb(II) concentration 100 mg/L and biosorbent mass 0.100 g.

Biosorption of Hexavalent Chromium by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain ANSC: Equilibria Isothermic, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies

Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain ANSC, a non-genetically modified bacterial strain isolated from soil was used to study and evaluate biosorption potentials for hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) from aqueous solution. Living, heat-killed, and permeabilised cells were all used and found to be capable of reducing and sorbing Cr(VI). The influences of initial Cr(VI) ion concentration (50-150 mg/L), contact time (2 h, 10 min intervals), pH (2-8), temperature (30-60℃) and biosorbent mass (1.0-5.0 g/l) were reported. Adsorption of Cr(VI) is highly pH- and temperature-dependent, and the results indicate that the optimum pH and temperature for removal were found to be 2 and 60℃ respectively. The hexavalent chromium biosorption equilibrium could be better described by Langmuir isotherm than it could by Freundlich isotherm. A comparison of kinetic models applied to the adsorption of Cr(VI) ions onto the biosorbents was evaluated for the pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order, and intra-particle diffusion kinetic models. Results show that the pseudo second-order kinetic model was evidenced to correlate better the experimental data. The rate of hexavalent chromium adsorption increased following permeabilisation of the outer and/or cytoplasmic membrane by surfactants such as Triton X100, Tween 80, toluene, sodium deoxycholate and sodium dodecyl sulphate. The adsorption process has been found endothermic, and thermodynamic parameters of Gibb's free energy (ΔG°), change in enthalpy (ΔH°) and change in entropy (ΔS°) were calculated. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain ANSC evidenced an effective biosorbent for the removal of hexavalent chromium in aqueous form.

Utilization of Cocoa Peel as Biosorbent for Oil and Color Removal in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)

The aim of this study is to discover the effectiveness of cocoa peel as biosorbents for oil and color removal in POME. This study used biosorbent from cocoa peel with variation of particle size which passed through 70 mesh, 100 mesh, and 120 mesh and was activated with the ratio of biosorbent and 0,6 M HNO3 of 1:2, 1:4, and 1:6 (m/v). The adsorption process was carried out using biosorbent with the highest iodine number in varying biosorbent mass and contact time. The highest iodine number was 596,684 mg/g and obtained at particle size 120 mesh and the ratio of biosorbent : HNO3 as 1 : 4. The resulting biosorbents were analyzed for their characterization, such as vapor content, ash content, and volatile matter, including FT-IR and SEM-EDX. The POME were analyzed for their oil and color content, using gravimetric method and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The best removal is were 80,88% for oil and 83.45% for color at 1.5 g biosorbent mass and 3 h contact time. The resullt for oil removal was close to the standard of Indonesian Environment Minister for oil in effluent. Also the adsorption of oil and color behaves as a pseudo-second-order kinetic models.

Biosorption of heavy metal copper (Cu2+) by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

This research aims to study the optimum effect of contact time and pH adsorption of copper (Cu2+) from electroplating industry waste by dried beer waste S.cerevisiae. This research conducted using batch culture with pH variation 2,3,4,5, and 6, contact time variation 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 minutes, 150 rpm at room temperature (± 28°C), initial Cu2+ concentration 33,746 mg/l, and biosorbent mass 200 mg & 500 mg. The adsorption of heavy metal ions Cu2+ occurs in all variations of pH and contact time at optimum pH. The optimum adsorption occurs at pH 4 with contact time 120 minutes for both 200 mg (41.60%) and 500 mg (61.04%) beer waste biosorbent. Cell morphology seen with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis shows the change of cell wall that gets damaged from Cu2+ adsorption. It also proved by the decreased concentration of initial high concentration carboxyl groups. The adsorption process of this research complies to Freundlich Isotherm with R2 value closest to 1 and followed first order kinetic.

Biosorption optimization of Ni(II) ions on Macauba (Acrocomia aculeata) oil extraction residue using fixed-bed column

Macauba is a palm tree located in Tropical and Subtropical America. The oil extraction process from the pulp and kernel of the Macauba fruit generates two main residues, mesocarp and endocarp. The extraction process produces considerable quantity of residues that can become an environmental issue. The applications of mesocarp as a biosorbent have been reported, but studies involving the endocarp were no longer conducted. The objective of this paper was to study the application of endocarp, without pre-treatment, for Ni(II) biosorption optimization in fixed-bed column employing a factorial experiment. Spectroscopic studies reveled that Ni(II) biosorption can be related to functional hydroxyls and phenols groups on the biosorbent surface. Large particles with irregular surfaces and without defined pores were observed by micrographs. The biosorption optimization showed that the usable capacity of the bed up to the break-point (tu), total time equivalent to the packaging capacity of the column (tt) and total removal (Rt) were affected by both pH and Ni(II) concentration. Mass Transfer Zone (MTZ) was affected only by biosorbent mass. Equilibrium metal uptake (qe) was affected by pH, biosorbent mass and Ni(II) concentration. Thus, it was possible to determine the equations that control the response variables and observe a significant and rapid removal of Ni(II). Kinetics studies exhibited the appropriateness of Pseudo-second-order model to describe the phenomena involved on biosorption kinetics. The results obtained in this paper showed the applicability of Macauba endocarp as a low-cost and environmentally friendly biosorbent for treatment of wastewaters contaminated with Ni(II).

PEMBUATAN BIOSORBEN DARI BIJI PEPAYA (Carica papaya L) UNTUK PENYERAPAN ZAT WARNA

&#x0D; Biosorbent is a material that has a pore - pore lot, where the adsorption process can take place on the pore walls or occur in certain regions of the particles. Preparation from papaya seeds biosorbent using H2SO4 as an activator, and then used as a textile dye absorption, namely methyl orange, methyl violet and methyl red. This study aims to determine the optimum conditions in the manufacturing biosorbent from papaya seeds. Analysis is iodine number, surface area, and test the ability of sarap to dyes (methyl orange, methyl violet and methyl red). In the manufacture biosorbent of this papaya seeds, the method used is chemical activation process. This study uses papaya seeds as raw material and sulfuric acid as an activator. The concentration of sulfuric acid used 5%, 7%, 10% and the drying time of 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes. Biosorbent mass of 0.5 g (2.5% of 20 ml), 1.0 g (5% of 20 ml) and 1.5 g (7.5% of 20 ml) with adsorption time of 20 minutes, 30 minutes, and 40 minutes for the absorption of the dye. The results showed the highest iodine gained 482.22 mg / g on the drying time of 120 minutes and a sulfuric acid concentration of 10% and the highest surface area was obtained 33.43556 m2 / g on the drying time of 120 minutes and a sulfuric acid concentration of 10%. The analysis results of the adsorption capacity for methyl violet dye that is 9.547 mg / g on biosorbent mass of 1.0 g and the adsorption time of 40 minutes..&#x0D;

Assessment of heat-inactivated marine Aspergillus flavus as a novel biosorbent for removal of Cd(II), Hg(II), and Pb(II) from water.

A novel marine fungus was isolated and classified as Aspergillus flavus strain EGY11. The heat-inactivated form of isolated Aspergillus flavus was investigated and evaluated as a new eco-friendly and highly efficient biosorbent for removal of toxic heavy metals such as Cd(II), Hg(II), and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. The SEM morphological studies of biosorbent-loaded metal ions confirmed their direct binding on the surface of heat-inactivated Aspergillus flavus. The metal biosorption capacity values were determined and optimized by the batch technique in the presence of various experimental controlling factors such as pH, contact time, biosorbent dosage, initial metal ion concentration, and coexisting species. The maximum metal capacity values of Cd(II), Hg(II), and Pb(II) were cauterized as 1550 (pH7.0), 950 (pH7.0), and 1000μmolg-1 (pH6.0), respectively. The equilibrium time for removal of metal ions was identified as 40min. The maximum sorption capacity values (1200.0-4000.0μmolg-1) were established by 5.0mg as the optimum mass of biosorbent. The collected biosorption data obtained from the equilibrium studies using the initial metal ion concentration were described by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm (D-R) isotherm models. The potential implementation of heat-inactivated Aspergillus flavus biosorbent for heavy metal removal from different water samples was successfully accomplished using multistage microcolumn technique. The results refer to excellent percentage recovery values in the ranges 92.7-99.0, 91.3-95.6, and 95.3-98.2% for the biosorptive removal of Cd(II), Hg(II), and Pb(II), respectively, from the examined environmental samples.

Absorption Activity of Cassava Peel (Manihot utilissima) as Chromium (VI) Metal Biosorbent in Electroplating Waste

Electroplating is a process of metal veneering with another metal using the electric energy. The water waste of electroplating industry contains many kinds of heavy metal ions, especially chromium (VI) which might cause pollutions if it was not processed and it presents above the threshold allowed. The use of cellulose can be a solution, because it has the functional groups which form bonding with the metal ions. Cassava peel is one of the sources of cellulose which contains 80-85% of cellulose. This proves that cassava peel (Manihot utilissimaI) has the potential as the heavy metal biosorbent of chromium metal in electroplating waste. The methodology of the research is conducted in a series including analysis of heavy metal concentrations of chromium (VI) in electroplating waste. Biosorption treatment of cassava peel (Manihot utilissimaI) biosorbent activated by HNO 3 1.5 M in electroplating waste conducted in the batch method. Analysis of heavy metal concentrations of chromium (VI) in electroplating waste was performed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) after biosorbtion process. Variation of biosorbent mass were (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) grams, and variation of biosorbent contact time were (10, 20, 30, 40, 50) minutes. The analysis result recorded by AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) showed that the level of total chromium in electroplating waste reaches 2.0777 ± 0.2785 ppm. Accordingly, the chromium test solution used in this research was 2 ppm to measure the optimum conditions of % chromium (VI) adsorbed with variation of mass and contact time. From the results of this research, the optimum mass and contact time of cassava peel biosorbent activated by HNO 3 1.5 M in % chromium (VI) adsorbed were 0.1 gram and 40 minutes, respectively. Finally, the optimum mass and contact time of cassava peel biosorbent activated by HNO 3 1.5 M has applied to electroplating waste. The % chromium adsorbed in electroplating waste with the addition of cassava peel biosorbent activated by HNO 3 1.5 M was measured in average of 61.72%.