Abstract
The emission of platinum group metals from different sources has caused elevated concentrations of platinum and palladium in samples of airborne particulate matter, soil, surface waters and sewage sludge. The ability of biomass of Aspergillus sp. and yeast Saccharomyces sp. for removal of Pt(IV) and Pd(II) from environmental samples was studied in this work. The pH of the solution, the mass of biosorbent, and contact time were optimized. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms and kinetic results were used for interpretation of the process equilibrium of Pt(IV) and Pd(II) on both microorganisms. The maximal efficiency of retention of Pt(IV) on yeast and fungi was obtained at acidic solutions (pH 2.0 for Pt(IV) and pH 2.5–3.5 for Pd(II)). The equilibrium of the biosorption process was attained within 45 min. The best interpretation for the experimental data was given by the Langmuir isotherm. Kinetics of the Pt and Pd adsorption process suit well the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. Fungi Aspergillus sp. shows higher adsorption capacity for both metals than yeast Saccharomyces sp. The maximum adsorption capacity of fungi was 5.49 mg g−1 for Pt(IV) and 4.28 mg g−1 for Pd(II). The fungi possess the ability for efficient removal of studied ions from different wastewater samples (sewage and road run-off water). It was also demonstrated, that quantitative recovery of Pd from industrial wastes could be obtained by biosorption using Aspergillus sp.
Highlights
Platinum and palladium due to their corrosion resistance, alloying ability and unique catalytic properties are used in various chemical productions and metallurgy
The results presented above imply that the biosorption mechanism could be based on electrostatic attractions between analytes and microorganisms
The biosorption process is very fast as the equilibrium was attained within 45 min
Summary
Platinum and palladium due to their corrosion resistance, alloying ability and unique catalytic properties are used in various chemical productions and metallurgy. The electrical conductivity and durability of these metals are exploited in electronic applications for the production of multi-layer ceramic (chip) capacitors, and plating connectors and lead frames. Components inside computers and mobile phones are linked by connectors plated with a conductive layer of precious metal [1]. The production of PC computers, mobile phones and entertainment devices generates electronic waste (e-waste) [2]. The most important application of Pt and Pd is connected with the production of three-way catalytic converters for car engines [3]. The emission of these metals into the environment is connected with the operation of vehicle catalysts and their recycling.
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