Mass Media System Research Articles

Periodical Press of Kurgan City, Tobolsk Province of Late XIX — Early XX Centuries

The processes of development of mass media in the county city Kurgan, a large agricultural center of the Tobolsk province, in the late 19th — early 20th centuries are analyzed. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that for the first time in Russian historiography the system of mass media of the Kurgan district, which was known all over the world for its butter-making, is described. A brief description of the life of the city is given, typological and substantive features of periodicals are investigated. The main attention in the article is paid to the broadcast of events taking place in the county and the city by journalists. The novelty ofscientific work lies in identifying the directions of the formation of periodicals in the province. It is argued that in the province, the vector of development of newspapers and magazines is directed from specialized publications to mass ones. The history of interaction between publications created by professionals for professionals and mass-oriented newspapers and leaflets is traced. It is concluded that the materials of the regional periodicals allow expanding the source component on the history of the journalistic style in the Russian literary language and on the history of the economic growth of Russian provinces and counties in the pre-revolutionary period.

THE LANGUAGE SITUATION OF KAZAKHSTAN: SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS

Language is a social phenomenon that exists in human society. Any language the Society performs communicative (means of communication), expressive (means of revealing thoughts), constructive (means of thinking), accumulative (skills acquired from experience and knowledge), cumulative (accumulation), transformative (transfer), etc. These are the main functions of the language, which are inherent in different levels of development at different stages and are innate components that do not change in their own system. In addition, the social functions of the language are a reflection of the use and use of the same basic functions of the language in different social environments, spheres of public life, and in different purposes and situations. The factors influencing the formation of the public environment in the Kazakh language are the system of Education, Culture, mass media, departments and departments of language development in each institution that monitor the conduct of office work in the state language, etc. institutions and public organizations, as well as the state authorities themselves. At the same time, the problem of the language situation in modern Kazakhstan is reflected in the address of the head of State N.A. Nazarbayev “New Kazakhstan in the new world” in 2009, where in order to ensure the competitiveness of the country and its citizens, it is proposed to gradually implement the cultural project “trinity of languages” in accordance with the need to develop trilingualism, i.e. Kazakh as the state language, Russian as the language of International Communication, and English as the language of successful integration into the global economy. In this regard, a number of scientific studies are currently underway to study and analyze the social problems of the Kazakh language. In terms of the language reform associated with the transition to a new alphabet in Kazakhstan, it is particularly relevant to republishing and defining the viable parameters of the language.

THE LANGUAGE SITUATION OF KAZAKHSTAN: SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS

Language is a social phenomenon that exists in human society. Any language the Society performs communicative (means of communication), expressive (means of revealing thoughts), constructive (means of thinking), accumulative (skills acquired from experience and knowledge), cumulative (accumulation), transformative (transfer), etc. These are the main functions of the language, which are inherent in different levels of development at different stages and are innate components that do not change in their own system. In addition, the social functions of the language are a reflection of the use and use of the same basic functions of the language in different social environments, spheres of public life, and in different purposes and situations. The factors influencing the formation of the public environment in the Kazakh language are the system of Education, Culture, mass media, departments and departments of language development in each institution that monitor the conduct of office work in the state language, etc. institutions and public organizations, as well as the state authorities themselves. At the same time, the problem of the language situation in modern Kazakhstan is reflected in the address of the head of State N.A. Nazarbayev “New Kazakhstan in the new world” in 2009, where in order to ensure the competitiveness of the country and its citizens, it is proposed to gradually implement the cultural project “trinity of languages” in accordance with the need to develop trilingualism, i.e. Kazakh as the state language, Russian as the language of International Communication, and English as the language of successful integration into the global economy.In this regard, a number of scientific studies are currently underway to study and analyze the social problems of the Kazakh language. In terms of the language reform associated with the transition to a new alphabet in Kazakhstan, it is particularly relevant to republishing and defining the viable parameters of the language.

К ВОПРОСУ О СОСТОЯНИИ ЖАНРОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ СМИ

The article describes the current mass media system state, which experiences significant transformation. The reasons which evoke such changes are, on the one hand, new technological opportunities and, on the other hand, such sociocultural tendencies as pseydoconfession and showization. As mass media genres are mostly prone to social and technological changes, the changes that pervade them are projected on the system of genres in general.

The evolution of terms in Russian journalism: From vedomosti to media

The author of this article considers some aspects of the functioning of terms denoting various mass media, historical aspects of their origin and semantic transformation in the Russian language, languages-sources of borrowing. The history of the terms gazeta, zhurnal, kuranty, vedomosti, radio, kinozhurnal and televidenie, internet is considered in detail. The first Russian periodical was “Vesti-Kuranty” or “Vestovye Pisma”, as it is conventionally referred to in research, a handwritten newspaper published since 1600 (regularly — since 1621). Since the beginning of the 18th century, printed “Vedomosti about Military and Other Matters Worthy of Knowledge and Memory” have been published. Soon the word gazeta was borrowed from the Italian language, which was first found in the papers of Peter I for 1707, but its spread in the Russian language was probably influenced by Prince Boris Ivanovich Kurakin, who spoke Italian well and used this term in his papers. The word gazeta was popular in many European languages, it was regularly included in the gemeronyms. The word zhurnal was borrowed from the French language to refer to time-based book publications. In the Russian language, the lexemes almanac, vedomosti, bulletin, tabloid are also used to refer to periodicals, scientific periodicals and non-periodical publications including words with a gemeronymic meaning: uchyonie zapiski, trudy, chteniia, materialy, kommentarii, akty, memuary, etc. Radio and television also joined the mass media system, and at the end of the 20th century, the Internet. The existence of the terms SMI and media in modern usage is noted, the latter’s frequency of usage is actively increasing. There is a derivational explosion of almost limitless new formations from this term. The term SMI also continues to exist in the Russian language, fitting into the composition of abbreviations and having a transparent semantic content with the full use of the abbreviation.

Spanish press during Transit period

This article analyzes the role of Spanish media systems in the transit period in Spain. By research of the Spanish massmedia systems of the late 70s - early 80s and their interaction with the government, have been identified the basic features of a role of the Spanish media systems in democratization of a society, and also reconstruction of the information system which has become diametrically opposed to the information system of the previous time.

The De-legitimization of General Jaruzelski's Government by Official Mass Media

In this article, I present the results of an analysis of print media reporting on the spectacular trial in 1984 against the murderers of Jerzy Popiełuszko in communist Poland. The aim of my research is to show how the coverage contributed to the de-legitimization of the Communist Party despite the mass media system's tight structures of control. Because of mass media functionality, the coverage of this event contributed to political transformation not only by publicizing a hitherto tabooed topic but also by establishing an initial point for informed public criticism of the government.

The essential "Star Wars"Philip Pullman's baroque aesthetics

This essay has a twofold purpose: to consider the issues of contemporary Young Adult literature addressed to “the children of the videosphere” within the context of globalized culture and to assess the importance of postmodern Baroque aesthetics in the “Star Wars” system of modern Letters and mass-media. Writers often resort to such aesthetics with the prospect of commercial hegemony, but some of them find their “distinction” (in Pierre Bourdieu’s delineation) through intertextuality – be it avowed or hidden – with the great masters of the past (William Blake and John Milton). We will investigate the secret workshop of Phillip Pullman’s His Dark Materials Trilogy and some of his other works, as well as Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World and diverse literary productions. With their arresting butterflies as significant baroque emblems, these works provide a new and spellbounding vision of the Western hero and offer a new “reterritorialization” of Letters. More particularly, Philip Pullman’s literary gesture has been to extract the baroque message from the vulgarised versions of popular mass media and to give it a new distinction.Key words: Postmodern baroque, William Blake, picaresque, humour, parody, Philip Pullman, Jostein Gaarder.

The specificity of political lexicon in the English language

The subject of this research is the political lexicon in the English language. The article examines the criteria fir determination of political lexicon, provides definitions of this term to various scholars, frames the definition of political lexicon, and highlights its peculiarities in the English language. The author also explores the question on the relationship between political lexicon and political (sociopolitical) terminology; defines the concept of “political term”; describes the main means and methods of enriching political lexicon in the English language. The following methods were applies in the course of study: general scientific method for collection of the existing literature on the topic; systematization and generalization for formulation of fundamental concepts of research; random sampling for selecting the examples; contextual analysis for determining the peculiarities of functionality of phrases within the system of English political lexicon and mass media; as well as translational analysis. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that this article allows establishing the status of political theme within the lexical system of English language, since for the current stage of development of linguistic a promising trend is the determination of morphogenetic linguistic phenomena. The author also describes the main means of enriching the lexicon on the example of research material, which allows reflecting the development trends of political lexicon in the modern English language.

Teleplay in the System of the Visual Mass Media

Teleplay in the System of the Visual Mass Media

#Hadsereg – Haderőszervezés a közösségi média segítségével

Általános, ugyanakkor igaz klisé, hogy a tömegtájékoztatás és a médiafogyasztás megváltozott. Az Izraeli Védelmi Erők (IDF) az elmúlt években komoly munkát fektetett abba, hogy a kor kihívásainak megfelelően átdimenzionálja kapcsolatát az izraeli társadalommal, és egy jól felépített, PR-szempontból hibátlan képet mutasson a világ közvéleménye felé. A startup nemzet hadereje nem félt a social media modern, innovatív eszközeitől, és sikerrel alkalmazta azokat. A tanulmányban az IDF példáján mutatom be egy professzionális tömegtájékoztatási rendszer kiépítését a modern haderők esetében.

SOCIALIZATION OF STUDENTS IN MODERN MEDIA SPACE BY MEANS OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES

Objective. The objective of the study is to consider media education as a means of forming students’ media culture in order to develop a ready-to-live creative personality in modern information conditions. After all, the rapid development in the modern world of information and communication technologies and the mass media system urgently requires the purposeful preparation of the individual for the competent and safe use of them. We see the prospects for further research in the identification and justification of vectors in the preparation of educators who will assist in the development of media literacy professionals. Methods. The article deals with methods, types, techniques and forms of using elements of media education in the initial process in order to socialize students in the modern information and communication space. Results. Media education is a direction of pedagogy, whose representatives advocate the study of the laws of mass communication (press, television, radio, cinema, etc.) by pupils and students. The main tasks of media education are to prepare the next generation for life in modern information conditions, to the perception and understanding of various information, awareness of the consequences of its impact on the psyche, and so on. Media education contributes to the formation of media culture of pupils and students, their socialization in the modern information space. The need for this process is due to the fact that in the context of globalization and the information society, mass media often have a decisive influence on the way people perceive the world. Media education is designed to empower the individual through self-critical media communication training. Therefore, media education should be an integral part of the educational process of children and young people, as media sources and media space affect them differently. A purposeful process of teaching effective and safe interaction with the media, education of a conscious personality would ensure the formation of students’ media immunity, would lead to significant progress in their self-education, self-study and self-actualization. Teachers of general secondary, vocational, technical and higher education institutions should be involved in the implementation of this process.

MEDIA ADDICTIONS IN A SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT AND POSSIBILITIES OF PREVENTION

We are living in times where the media have become the main source of information, education and instruction for personal, family and social behaviour for many people. Different forms of media are competing for readers, listeners and viewers. They have growing influence on people’s consciousness, feelings, opinions, values, attitudes, actions and they contribute to versatile personality development. They are also source of information and entertainment. The system of mass media has a specific position in society. It contributes to the versatile personality development as a source of information, entertainment and it also acts as a tool of unification and coordination of educational influences in the whole society. The media includes not only negative aspects, but also many positive aspects that cannot be questioned. At the same time we have to be aware of the fact that children and young people belong to a “weaker” target group, which is more predisposed to addictions, because they are not able to distinguish what is right and what is wrong for them and what can result in negative or even fatal consequences. Media addictions in school environment have and unfortunately will have a rising tendency since the technology progresses much faster than in the past. Therefore it is important to pay attention to the prevention of media addictions at schools. Although the school cannot substitute a functioning family environment and upbringing, it can help to a large extent to prevent these addictions.

American Terror: The Feeling of Thinking in Edwards, Poe, and MelvilleThe Official World

American Terror: The Feeling of Thinking in Edwards, Poe, and MelvilleThe Official World

RUSSIAN SPECIALIZED PERIODICALS IN CULTURE AS A MODERN COMMUNICATIVE CHANNEL

Purpose: The key factor of modern society development is mass media, and nowadays its demanded business model is the translation of advertising information.
 Methodology: The solution to the research problem posed in this work required the application of the following methods: theoretical analysis, typological analysis, content analysis, and periodical comparative study.
 Result: Specialized periodicals in the field of culture occupy a separate niche in the system of modern mass media and are focused on specialized needs meetings of different social audiences. This type of media is also involved in advertising communication. First of all, this happens due to the maintenance of its activities, the preservation of quantitative self-sufficiency and the substantial identity of this type of periodicals. The article is devoted to the consideration of Russian specialized periodicals in culture as a communication channel demanded by society.
 Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students.
 Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Russian Specialized Periodicals in Culture as a Modern Communicative Channel is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.

BOUNDARIES OF TRUST AND TRANSGRESSION: STUDYING THE CIRCULATION OF OBSCENE CONTENTS WITHIN ITALIAN PRIVATE GROUP CHATS

Within the contemporary social media sphere we witnessed an exploitation of visible and permanent contents shared by users for platforms’ marketing purposes (i.e. selling data to advertisers) and to enable platforms to provide tailored experiences. This, along with data breaches scandals, triggered concerns about privacy and the dangers of mass surveillance, and lead developers to provide Instant Messaging applications with greater security. However, the existence of this kind of ‘safe spaces’ in which users privacy is not menaced, has also raised the attention on the sharing of transgressive, obscene or offensive contents that eludes public scrutiny. While the mainstreaming of such contents in non-public digital spaces is often cited as one of the hallmarks of the “dark side of the web”, the research on this topic is still lacking as this phenomenon is observable mostly at an interactional level, and not at the mass media system level. Our study provides an analysis of users’ meaning-making and boundary maintenance activities regarding violent/pornographic contents in group chats (WhatsApp and Telegram), that combines participant observation and in-depth interviews with active participants of such groups. We expect that the results of this research will improve the understanding of 1) the role of messaging apps affordances in shaping the circulation of extreme contents, 2) group trust dynamics, 3) the impact of a common semantics of the obscene on the cultivated semantics of public sphere, 4) methodological difficulties in researching online spaces unreachable by web scraping approaches.

Виявлення у глобальній мережі Інтернет інформаційних джерел, які розповсюджують недостовірну інформацію

One of the important segments of the media system in modern conditions is a set of Internet sources. The results of sociological research showed that the number of users on the Internet constantly increases. The most popular network access devices are mobile phones and tablets. This allowed us to expand the range of services are provided through the global network. Information users from the Internet increasingly trust it; first of all, the mass media and social media. This function is also used for manipulative purposes to conduct information wars and attacks to give users fake information. The aim of the media system involves a complex process of bringing information messages in various formats to almost any person without external participation. At the same time, for the functioning of the Internet media, it is usually necessary to create and maintain a site that does not require significant financial costs, as for traditional media. The server can be needed located anywhere in the world, and registration as a mass media requires an application and a small amount of money. Such conditions of creation and functioning give an opportunity to provide an external influence on the mass media system functioning on the Internet. Unstable sources are responsible for the randomness of the dynamic part on the information network and play a key role, reflecting (and to some extent generating) the real patterns of network dynamic. This allows identify the most critical information sources. To determine the stability of an information source is necessary to study the distribution and the number of publications during period of time by determining the coefficient of the normalized division of the amount of published information by the source. In the paper is researcher the stability information sources and is the algorithm developed that allows detecting unstable sources that are used as a tool for information operations to manipulate people's consciousness during the information wars. Tabl.: 2. Fig.: 4. Refs: 14 titles.

Typological Aspects of System Representation of Mass Media

The article applies the system approach to the conceptual image of mass media uniting analysis and synthesis, qualitative and quantitative methods of research, heuristic and logical-mathematical ways of revealing the content of the phenomenon under study. Special attention is paid to the basic concepts. A homeostatic model of mass media is provided. Typical relations between the media components are identified and analyzed with the help of mathematical and graphical models and interpretation of their meaning. A model representation reduces lack of knowledge on the essence of a phenomenon and allows one to demonstrate a mechanism of producing a new property of any system with a certain degree of adequacy. It is important to take into account that interactions between properties of the components manifest themselves in an uneven way with some of them increasing and some of them, on the contrary, decreasing. Methodological grounds for the system approach and homeostasis methods and models developed at the same time for formal describing complex social-economic systems have formed a background for building mathematical models of mass media systems. The article aims at defining the basic principles of relations between the media components for their further application to the insight into functioning of mass media systems. The article is up-to-date as the classification provided as well as systematization of relations in the system of mass media contribute to increasing methodological basis of the research into processes of communication.

Dual Identity and Multiple Tasks: Contemporary Chinese Party Media’s Involvement in Political Communication

Alongside the reform and opening-up policies in China since 1978, there has been a transformation of China’s governmental functions and of its media system. While adapting to the complex political process towards democratization, the Chinese Communist Party media have further expanded their dual identity as both organizational communicator and mass communicator, and are involved in Chinese political communication in a variety of ways. To improve the role of internal organizational communication, the Party media have extended their sphere of activity from traditional Internal Reference (xinwen neican 新闻内参) to Online Public Opinion Monitoring (yuqing jiance 舆情监测) and Media Think Tank Consultation (meiti zhiku 媒体智库). As leaders in China’s market-oriented media reform and tech-driven media integration, the Chinese Party media have remained dominant and privileged agents in China’s mass media system, and active participants in social political communication in a number of ways, from traditional policy publicity, to media supervision and timely external opinion guiding.

A social cognitive approach to traditional media content and social media use: Selfie-related behavior as competitive strategy

Mass media systems play increasingly prevalent roles in our lives. However, the relationship between traditional mass media exposure and behavior on social media is unclear, particularly in the context of selfie-related behavior, which includes capturing, editing, and sharing images of oneself. In the tradition of social cognitive theory, we argue that reality television (RTV) models a value system focused on the self and competition with others, and hypothesize a model where self-worth based on competition mediates the relationship between RTV viewing and selfie-related behavior. Path analysis results from survey data ( N = 334) support the mediation model. Selfie-related behavior was explicated and measured via novel instruments. Audience variables including online network size and diversity also played roles in selfie editing and sharing, as did specific social media platforms. Results are discussed in the context of evolving media systems.