Mass Digitization Research Articles

New Art Forms and Process Management Strategy in an Era of Mass Digitalization

In ancient times it took centuries before a genre of art was adopted as cultural development (like painting, sculpture etc.), while with the bursting expansion of modern audiovisual forms this process occurs much more frequently, and the need for publicly recognized criteria for evaluating these new media becomes more apparent.

Prospects for the development of electronic commerce in Russia in the conditions of digital economy

E-commerce is a form of running business using information and communication technologies. E-commerce objects include not only traditional types of services and goods, but also informational ones. In general, the trends in e-commerce development in Russia can be regarded as positive. The ongoing coronavirus pandemic affects everything, including spending money and interaction of firms in the marketplace. Current trends indicate an acceleration in digitalization, both in the private and public sectors. Therefore, in the future, only the online seller will have success whose business will be digitized and optimized as much as possible. At the same time, the transition of firms and consumers to the electronic segment is associated with certain costs and risks. This aspect requires serious attention from both academic economists and authorities; competent, but not excessive, intervention is required. In this article, the authors reveal both the positive and negative aspects of running e-business from the point of view of sellers and buyers, and also offer their own views on the e-commerce market development in the context of mass digitalization accelerated due to the coronavirus crisis. Provided that the rate of Internet penetration in the regions remains at the same level, e-commerce in Russia will be able to maintain the current growth rate and realize its potential as an important trading platform for both domestic and foreign economic agents.

Restitution: Paths Toward a Clearing

Restitution: Paths Toward a Clearing

AR in the Architecture Domain: State of the Art

Augmented reality (AR) allows the real and digital worlds to converge and overlap in a new way of observation and understanding. The architectural field can significantly benefit from AR applications, due to their systemic complexity in terms of knowledge and process management. Global interest and many research challenges are focused on this field, thanks to the conjunction of technological and algorithmic developments from one side, and the massive digitization of built data. A significant quantity of research in the AEC and educational fields describes this state of the art. Moreover, it is a very fragmented domain, in which specific advances or case studies are often described without considering the complexity of the whole development process. The article illustrates the entire AR pipeline development in architecture, from the conceptual phase to its application, highlighting each step’s specific aspects. This storytelling aims to provide a general overview to a non-expert, deepening the topic and stimulating a democratization process. The aware and extended use of AR in multiple areas of application can lead a new way forward for environmental understanding, bridging the gap between real and virtual space in an innovative perception of architecture.

The Possibilities of a Gospel Codex: GA 2064 (Dublin, CBL W 139), Digital Editing, and Reading in a Manuscript Culture

Recent changes to the technology used to produce critical editions and the mass digitization of Greek New Testament manuscripts are beginning to fundamentally alter the place of later manuscripts in critical practice, reinvigorating research into minuscules and particular subtraditions of manuscripts that have often stood outside the interest of most New Testament scholars. This situation necessitates a reexamination of often-overlooked manuscripts, going beyond traditional text-critical concerns to better understand the ways that manuscripts function as arbiters of knowledge for the texts they carry, especially when their paratextuality and design differ from modern Bibles and critical editions. Changes in editorial technology have created a situation where editions can also be informed by the conceptual networks of literary interrelationships and interpretive pathways reflected in the layout and design of manuscripts. Moreover, the expanded availability of digital manuscript images creates new avenues for interdisciplinary exploration of the significance of paratextual systems. This article begins to explore these issues by analyzing the unpublished GA 2604 (Dublin, CBL W 139), a deluxe twelfth-century gospel codex.

The new physicality of data

The mass digitisation of data arguably began in the late 1980s with the mainstream adoption of new low-cost desktop computers in the workplace and visions of a paperless office. The term reflected a focus on the digitisation of existing processes. Such comparisons continued with the arrival of the Internet and worldwide web in the mid-1990s, with visions of e-commerce replacing traditional bricks-and-mortar shops. In the first two decades of the 21st century, we have entered an era where much of the data created is now digital by design and default yet simultaneously integrated with physical objects and real-world interactions. This article explores some of the innovations made possible by this new physicality of data, from the birth of a digital twin to the death of privacy, and the growing urgency for new approaches to data governance and information lifecycle management.

An exploratory prioritization of factors affecting current state of information security in Pakistani university libraries

Ever since the increased use of the internet in higher education, libraries have started mass digitisation programs to make their intellectual resources available on the World Wide Web. From the year 2000 onward, Pakistani universities’ libraries have been active in this mass digitisation projects. The purpose of this paper is to examine the data and information security measures taken by university libraries to safeguard the intellectual assets of their respective organisations. Researchers adopted a quantitative approach to conduct this study. Data were collected from 190 professional librarians around the country. The findings of the study revealed that majority of libraries are lagging in standardised measures to secure digital resources. It is hoped that the present study will help in suggesting appropriate standards of data and information security within universities’ libraries. Results can also be replicated in other developing countries to investigate data and information security in libraries.

Digital transformation of Russian society as a condition of forming young teachers’ professional identity in a big city

Digitalization affects every sphere of life including education. However, for it to be beneficial, it needs transfomation in order to fit the current situation or changes that have occurred in human life over a time.The purpose of this research is to consider the impact of the digital transformation of Russian society on the formation of young teachers’ professional identity. The constructivist approach and the "soft concepts" of identity that have developed within its framework, serve as the methodological basis of the proposed research. The results of the applied authors’ sociological study conducted in 2020 serve as the empirical basis of this study. The method of collecting information was an in-depth interview. The reseach concluded that digitalization has a positive impact on formation of professional identity of young teachers. We also note that, despite the fact that the forced transition to online education has increased the prestige of teaching, digitalization cannot be considered as an independent factor that is able to change the professional space so that it becomes more attractive for young professionals.
 
 Keywords: mass digitalization, forced onlineization, digitalization of school education, online education, professional identity, young teachers, Russian megapolis.

Criminal Life Courses in Context

The future of the Historical Sample of the Netherlands (HSN) will certainly include the enrichment of the foundational database with additional, new sources of information. In general, the HSN would highly benefit from current mass digitization projects involving citizen science. This essay proposes a pilot in linking 19th- and early 20th-century criminal records to HSN. In spite of the extensive state and parish registration documenting individual and family lives in close systematic detail, life course approaches to historical crime are less common. The large datasets necessary to conduct longitudinal life course research into deviant behaviour will facilitate both the analysis of criminality as an event and the scrutiny of the trajectories of individuals' lives leading up to their involvement in crime.

5Digital Humanities

AbstractThis chapter examines material published in the field of digital humanities in 2019. Key work published this year has grappled with longstanding conflicts at the heart of the field, on whether and how computational methods should be applied to humanities data, and who should validate such methodologies. The chapter begins with new work by Ted Underwood, who makes the case for hypothesis-driven methods and the modelling of humanities data. It discusses how recent work in computational literary studies had appeared to resist the trap into which much previous work had fallen, that is, work that was perceived to fall into the binaries of distant vs. close reading, computation vs. engagement, objectivity vs. subjectivity. The continued friction over the appropriateness of certain computational methodological approaches was amplified by new work that called into question the statistical methods of a number of key works in the field over past years. Nan Z. Da’s critique of computational literary studies through the lens of statistical rigour imploded the uneasy truce between computational methods and the more traditional questions and methods at the heart of literary studies. Da’s article reopens the debate about how digital humanities scholars use statistical methods, and how greater reliance on such methods may demand greater cross-disciplinary oversight to ensure that they are used in a way that is both robust and appropriate. Her contribution is examined alongside the rash of responses to it from key scholars in the field which produced an important snapshot of the fractures and fundamentals of data-driven literary studies. I then turn to new and timely work by James E. Dobson, which argues for a third way, a Critical Digital Humanities that engages critically with computational as well as humanistic scholarship.I survey important contributions on the impact of mass digitization, historicism and the archive, and how to study history in the age of digital archives and the historic web. Ian Milligan’s work provides a much-needed introduction to the potentials and pitfalls of studying recent history through the digital traces left behind. It self-consciously identifies areas in which greater cross-disciplinary scholarship and critical engagement will be needed as this area of study matures. Discussion then turns to work by Nanna Bonde Thylstrup on digital waste, which shows how connecting new media theory to waste studies can provide an important frame through which to examine issues of data toxicity and pollution. This work sets the stage for two landmark books on sex and race which implore us to take a more careful look at the toxic technologies we build and the questions we ask of them. Both Caroline Criado Perez and Ruha Benjamin examine the damage done by the reliance of data systems on the ‘default’, frequently a white male, forcing us to see anything that departs from this norm as deviant. These works make a powerful case for reinventing the systems we increasingly rely on, questioning the underlying prejudice that created them, and rethinking the modes of meaning-making ascribed to them, especially when that narrative so often assumes a benign neutrality. Finally, I examine these works alongside a new volume of essays on digital humanities and intersectionality edited by Barbara Bordalejo and Roopika Risam, which serves to amplify and contextualize the need for the approaches taken by Criado Perez and Benjamin, showing how deeply enmeshed within the field these power structures are.

Moral distress of medical family therapists and their physician colleagues during the transition to COVID-19.

The COVID‐19 pandemic has transformed healthcare for both clinicians and patients. This conceptual article uses ideas from the moral distress literature to understand the challenges MedFTs and physicians face during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The authors highlight earlier themes from the moral distress literature and share current reflections to illustrate similar challenges. Some clinicians who were already experiencing a rise in burnout due to the mass digitization of healthcare are now facing increased moral distress due to ethical dilemmas, pervasive uncertainty, boundary ambiguity, isolation, and burnout brought about by emerging COVID‐19 policies. Fears about personal safety, exposing loved ones, financial concerns, self‐doubt, and frustrations with telehealth have contributed to increased moral distress during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Building resilience by setting one's personal moral compass can help clinicians avoid the pitfalls of moral distress. Five steps for developing resilience and implications for guiding trainees in developing resilience are discussed.

ПРОЦЕСС ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ ОБРАЗОВАНИИ

Purpose: to study trends in digital discourse research in the educational process, to point out the achievements and side effects of new communication tools . Methods. Complex structural and functional analysis, discursive and linguoculturological analysis, case study method, generalization method, discourse analysis, comparative method and SWOT analysis, historical and descriptive method, document interpretation, use of formal and logical techniques, monitoring of higher school practice, analysis of mass media and scientific literature, which make it possible to determine the ambivalent influence of digital discourse on the educational process. Results. The positive impact and negative consequences of digital discourse, the functionality of new educational platforms, virtual learning environments Moodle, Coursera, online platforms Zoom, Skype, Google web services (Google Classroom, Google Forms, Hangouts, Google Academy, Google Scholar) and their potential. From the discursive point of view of the quality of the question, the electronic information and educational environment of the University, the scientific electronic library is described e-library.ru, social networks for scientists (Researchgate, TRUTH, etc.). Conclusions. The article examines the complex and ambiguous situation with mass digitalization in the educational process, which is especially relevant for modern reality. Information and communication technologies in a modern University are of great importance and affect many areas. In educational programs, new concepts are increasingly encountered that need to be mastered.

Media Review: Nanna Bonde Thylstrup The Politics of Mass Digitization

Media Review: Nanna Bonde Thylstrup The Politics of Mass Digitization

A Weapon and a Tool

This article uses Indigenous decolonizing methodologies and Critical Race Theory (CRT) as methodological and theoretical frameworks to address colonial and racialized concerns about archival description; to argue against notions of diversity and inclusion in archival descriptive practices; and to make recommendations for decolonizing description and embracing redescription as liberatory archival praxis. First, we argue that extant descriptive practices do not diversify archives. Rather, we find that descriptive work that isolates and scatters aims to erase the identifiable existence of unique Indigenous voices. Next, we argue that while on one hand, the mass digitization of slavery-era records holds both the promise of new historical knowledge and of genealogical reconstruction for descendants of enslaved peoples, on the other hand, this trend belies a growing tendency to reinscribe racist ideologies and codify damaging ideas about how we organize and create new knowledge through harmful descriptive practices. Finally, working specifically against the rhetoric of diversity and inclusion, we challenge the ways archives claim diverse representation by uncritically describing records rooted in generational trauma, hatred, and genocide, and advocate for developing and employing decolonizing and redescriptive practices to support an archival praxis rooted in justice and liberation, rather than more palatable (and less effective) notions of “diversity and inclusion”.

Формирование компетенций руководителей по управлению развитием цифровой культуры сотрудников образовательной организации

In the conditions of the intensive transformation of modern culture, due to the mass dig-italization of various spheres of society, the traditional education-culture relationship acquires significant features. A significant cultural layer (especially mass culture) is formed in the digital environment. Today's education requires that all subjects of the educational process not only correctly use the artifacts of this culture, but also successfully participate in its creation. One of the key conditions for solving this problem is the formation of a digital culture of employees of the educational organization. And effective management of the development of such a culture becomes an important managerial task of its leader. Of course, such a task requires the head of special competencies, which can be mastered by an effective system of continuing education of the education manager.

Pullman: Labor, Race, and the Urban Landscape in a Company Town: A Digital Exhibition at The Newberry

Reviewed by: Pullman: Labor, Race, and the Urban Landscape in a Company Town: A Digital Exhibition at The Newberry Jaka Lombar It may well be that in the age of lockdowns and quarantines, the strengths and shortcomings of digital archival infrastructures and online exhibitions will come to make or break them as the apt alternatives to the physical venues that were until recently, the default assemblages for the dissemination of historical knowledge. The origin of The Newberry's exhibition on Pullman (https://publications.newberry.org/pullman/), a neighborhood on Chicago's South Side, is a series of workshops on industrial capitalism (2011), which necessitated the digitization of a number of archival documents that now form the core of the online exhibition. The documents provide a framework for a central narrative of Pullman's origins and development through the urban, race, and labor histories of the town, all of which are contextualised through the wider national narratives and movements that permeated the local dynamics of a manufacturing town. The exhibit illustrates how the expansive social vision of magnate George Pullman was put to practice in the town where his company not only owned the factories but the homes workers occupied, the bar they drank in, and even the ground on which their church stood. The all-encompassing planning and Pullman's capacity for asserting power over the local population eventually exacerbated hostilities between the Pullman company and its workers, contributing to the 1894 strike. Crucially, the historical narrative that The Newberry presents does not shy away from the White supremacy that underlay Pullman's supposedly altruistic practice of hiring Black workers exclusively for the service positions. The exposition text candidly recognizes that this reflected a mindset that was "deeply paternalistic and informed by racial presuppositions" within which the Black workers were merely permitted and expected "to serve white people.#x201D; The exhibition centers on the social strata from the macro perspective in the section entitled "In the City," to the more and more local iterations of [End Page 119] the urban spatiality in sections such as "In the Town," "In the Shops," and "In the Neighborhood." Occasionally, the exhibition texts are also hyperlinked with other similar online projects such as the online Encyclopedia of Chicago. By utilizing the virtual qualities of the exhibition format while also retaining the majority of the content on site, the narrative flow of the exhibit is both future-proofed from dead links and kept free of unnecessary clutter. Each of the sections is constructed from a handful of subsections, which in turn consist of a paragraph-long contextual introduction. Viewers can click on thumbnail images of scanned material to examine the magnified images in more detail. These artefacts are the cornerstones of the virtual exhibition, and it is through their framing that the presentation is at its strongest. Photographs, drawings, financial documents, employee service cards, music sheets, and other ephemera are most vibrant when the curators accentuate their distinctive qualities. By calling attention to oily handprints on a petition, for example, curators help viewers make a human connection to the hands of workers who had held the document. Curators also situate scanned materials within wider social dynamics by posing questions directly to the viewer: "How are working people characterized?" "What is emphasized?" "What gets overlooked?" These are some of the prompts offered in connection to illustrations of industrial relations published in the popular press. Such interventions help viewers to engage with the exhibition on their own terms, while making sure the emphasis remains on the artefacts that invite a response. The questions serve as useful devices to look beyond particular instances to the larger social and political issues of Pullman, and they are able to direct viewers' attention to artifacts and issues that may not be represented or physically present in the archive's collection. Unfortunately, the presentation of some documents in the exhibition does not meet the expectations set up by mass digitization. While single-page documents function well through enlargement that makes them legible, some of the multi-page reports, accounts, and testimonies that are marked as PDFs are, upon opening, merely the images of the first page and not the entire document. Aside...

The Possibilities of a Gospel Codex: GA 2064 (Dublin, CBL W 139), Digital Editing, and Reading in a Manuscript Culture

Recent changes to the technology used to produce critical editions and the mass digitization of Greek New Testament manuscripts are beginning to fundamentally alter the place of later manuscripts in critical practice, reinvigorating research into minuscules and particular subtraditions of manuscripts that have often stood outside the interest of most New Testament scholars. This situation necessitates a reexamination of often-overlooked manuscripts, going beyond traditional text-critical concerns to better understand the ways that manuscripts function as arbiters of knowledge for the texts they carry, especially when their paratextuality and design differ from modern Bibles and critical editions. Changes in editorial technology have created a situation where editions can also be informed by the conceptual networks of literary interrelationships and interpretive pathways reflected in the layout and design of manuscripts. Moreover, the expanded availability of digital manuscript images creates new avenues for interdisciplinary exploration of the significance of paratextual systems. This article begins to explore these issues by analyzing the unpublished GA 2604 (Dublin, CBL W 139), a deluxe twelfth-century gospel codex.

ЦИФРОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ КАК СРЕДСТВО ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ МОТИВАЦИИ ИЗУЧАЮЩИХ ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК

The article is devoted to the analysis of new forms of teaching foreign languages at the university in connection with the forced transition to distance learning in 2020, the mass digitalization of education and the speed of introduction of digital technologies in the educational process. The article focuses on increasing the level of motivation of students, the effectiveness and quality of knowledge obtained in the course of learning a foreign language using digital technologies. The authors present the results of their survey among 500 students of 1-5 courses of law school on the use of online platforms for self-study of a foreign language. The article emphasizes that these platforms not only provide users with unlimited opportunities to download and store information, but are also ideal for developing students ' writing skills, sharing information, commenting, and learning new vocabulary. The results of the survey also revealed a different degree of motivation among students. The data obtained as a result of the survey indicate that the development of a positive attitude to learning is largely facilitated by emotional motivation. The authors also describe their own experience in organizing distance learning at Saratov State Academy of Law, present modern educational platforms that help students in the process of learning a foreign language, motivating them to independent creative work.

Current issues of digital legal education in the context of the Сovid-19 pandemic

The main areas of digitalization of higher education, including legal one, have been actively discussed by representatives of authorities and the educational community over the past few years. The COVID-19 pandemic summed up these discussions in a certain way, making teachers and students shift to the practice of introducing digital technologies into the educational process without proper preparation and prior training for them. The article discusses the problems of digitalization of the higher education system of the Russian Federation faced by law faculties after the beginning of the pandemic in the spring of 2020. The authors state the positive results of the transition to digital technologies as well as the existing problems, many of which are of a systemic nature and are still to be resolved. At the same time, they point out that the requirements for the competencies of law graduates change in the context of the mass digitalization of all sectors of social life. Along with the knowledge, abilities and skills that are commonly recognized for lawyers, they must have the competencies to interact with authorities that have also shifted to a digital mode for communication with citizens and legal entities.

Проблеми та перспективи розвитку ринку електронної комерції в країнах Латиноамериканського регіону

In the current conditions of rapid digitalization of the worldwide space, taking into account global factors, which are being forced, including such «black swans» as the COVID-19 pandemic, the issues of e-commerce development in the context of certain regions are being activated. The article is aimed at studying and identifying the features and trends of e-commerce development in the Latin American region, a detailed analysis of Brazil, Mexico and Argentina as the largest markets in the region. To achieve this aim, the methods of scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, statistical analysis, comparison, structural and logical generalization were used. The article determines that, given the large population of the region with a significant stratification of society, the region has seen a sharp increase in the e-commerce market, including by means of the mass digitalization of the end user to meet the need for remote work and training during the pandemic. Most researchers distinguish the markets of Brazil, Mexico and Argentina as the largest in the region. There is a significant increase in the presence of regional and global platforms, with an emphasis on the problem of disproportionately large volume of Asian products sold by global platforms. The increase in the volume of trading platforms can have a beneficial impact on the improvement of logistics infrastructure in the region, which is currently one of the key problems. Among the existing problems, experts also indicate a low level of penetration of banking services and a high degree of cash circulation. Due to the specifics of the banking sector, not all local cards are valid on international trading platforms, which is one of the deterrent factors for the development of e-commerce. Based on statistical analysis, it is determined that in the current realities of the Latin American region, the process of digitalization of all e-commerce market participants is experienced while maintaining trends in the steady growth of key indicators of Internet commerce. This characterizes the region as promising in terms of increasing market volumes, the number of Internet consumers, the level of Internet penetration, the modernization of the banking sector and changes in legislation. At the same time, it is identified that in the presence of problems of the shadow economy, a low degree of public confidence in the banking sector, the preservation of a significant disparity in the incomes of categories of the population, there is a need to revalue the prospects and conditions for the further development of the e-commerce market in the post-pandemic period.