Mass Communication Tools Research Articles

SOSYAL MEDYA ARAÇLARINDAN INSTAGRAMIN DEYİM KULLANIMI AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA

Social media is a mass communication tool that emerged with Web 2.0 technology and allows users to not only be buyers but also produce content. Instagram is the second most preferred social media tool by users. As it offers good options for photo and video editing, enables users to interact with each other easily, acts as a bridge by including the features of other social media tools, the fact that the average age of users is young, and its accessibility is facilitated by the widespread use of mobile phones, has made Instagram one of the most preferred social media tools by secondary school age group. The aim of this study is to detect the idioms that are used in Instagram posts. In this research, 84 contents from 14 different categories that are followed by the students are analyzed. In the study, which has a descriptive nature in the screening model, the contents are evaluated with the systematic analysis approach. In the end of the research, we detected 95 idioms from 50 contents out of 84. While the usage of 45 idioms out of 95 is true, the other 50 idioms are used wrong with syntax errors and with changes that will break the pattern of the idiom. Key Words: Social Media, Instagram, Idioms

РОЛЬ МАРКЕТИНГУ ВІДНОСИН В СИСТЕМІ ІНТЕРАКТИВНОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА

The article is devoted to the study of the complex of interconnected possibilities of relationship marketing and interactive marketing, which determines the role, specificity and features of relationship marketing in the system of an interactive environment in modern conditions of enterprise management. To achieve this objective, the author used research methods, in particular: methods of theoretical generalization, methods of grouping, analysis, synthesis, comparison, scientific abstraction. The article examines the essence of the concepts "relationship marketing" and "interactive marketing", presents the author's interpretation of the wording "relationship marketing in the system of an interactive environment", analyzes the existing motivational factors of using convenience for both buyers and sellers. The work systematizes the main advantages of relationship marketing in the system of an interactive environment; proposed scheme for introducing relationship marketing in the interactive environment system into the enterprise management process; scheme of the process of managing a balanced system of indicators of relationship marketing, which outlines the sequence of actions of the enterprise regarding the identification and evaluation of performance indicators. The special importance of relationship marketing in the system of an interactive environment has such an element as communication technologies: a means of implementing the process of marketing interaction to attract consumers and business partners. The article reflects the main technologies of marketing communication, including customization, telemarketing, electronic marketing, direct mail, email marketing, mobile marketing, loyalty programs. It is technology that can ensure the effectiveness of value management and engage consumers and business partners in an interactive way. The growth of communication capabilities of enterprises due to the development of new communication and interactive technologies significantly expands the choice of mass communication tools and contributes to the competitiveness of the enterprise.

Eleştirel Teorinin Kitle İletişim Araçlarına Yaklaşımı

The foundations of modern science of communications were laid by Chicago School psychologist Charles Horton Cooley and educational scientist John Dewey, who attempted to define communication with a psychological approach. Communication became a scientific discipline with the works on propaganda by Walter Lipman in the 1920s and the propaganda model developed by Harold Lasswell in the 1930s. In these studies by American behaviorist school members known as mainstream communication studies, the facts that the initial studies were conducted with the sponsorship of a political institution or foundation and by certain private research corporations, and the affirmative approach to mass communication tools as a part of the system were noteworthy. However, concurrent studies were primarily conducted by independent universities or individual scientists unlike those conducted in the US. Furthermore, the ideas or discussions in these studies were negative towards the mass media. Those published by Frankfurt School and the British Center for Cultural Studies are the examples of such communication research. The present study aimed to discuss the approach of Frankfurt School or Critical Theory that played a key role in the development of the critical tradition in communications to mass media. Thus, the works of the Frankfurt School scientists were reviewed to provide a handbook for future studies on the topic.

Вплив факторів запалення на показники вегетативного тонусу в дітей із рекурентними захворюваннями респіраторного тракту

Серед дітей шкільного віку хвороби органів дихання посідають перше місце в структурі загальної захворюваності, їх поширеність становить понад 60 %. Здебільшого часті епізоди респіраторної патології призводять до формування рекурентних форм, що є вагомою причиною відсутності активних ігор і прогулянок на свіжому повітрі, пропусків школи і збільшення проведеного часу за засобами масової комунікації й електронними іграми, що, зі свого боку, призводить до формування гіподинамії і підвищення психоемоційного напруження, надаючи негативний вплив на функціонування регуляторних систем дитячого організму. Рекурентні захворювання респіраторного тракту (гострі респіраторні захворювання — ГРЗ) сприяють напрузі нейроендокринноімунної регуляції, приводячи до дисбалансу нейропептидів — медіаторів нейрогенного запалення. Метою даної роботи є вивчення показників нейрогенного запалення в школярів молодших класів із рекурентною патологією респіраторного тракту. Під час виконання роботи виявлено підвищення вмісту субстанції Р у сироватці крові в школярів із рекурентними ГРЗ, що мало статистично вірогідні відмінності з показниками умовно здорових дітей (р < 0,05). Установлено, що перевищення концентрації субстанції Р підвищує ризик розвитку повторних захворювань. Доведено, що в дітей із рекурентними ГРЗ за рахунок підвищення сироваткового вмісту КСМ NO, які мають прозапальну спрямованість, посилюється активність нейрогенного запалення. Виявлено, що вірогідне зниження вмісту ВІП як протизапального трансмітера в дітей із рекурентними ГРЗ не в змозі пригнічувати активність нейрогенного запалення, приводячи до його надмірної стимуляції.

Między starym a nowym: źródła wiedzy licealistów o polityce w procesie socjalizacji

The process of political socialization takes place on many levels and depends on various factors, such as family, peer group or school. The basic catalog of them includes the media as well. The main ob[1]jective of the article is to diagnose their role in the process of social adjustment in the area of politics of high school youth from the region of Wielkopolska. The surveys conducted among high school students helped examine a number of factors: sources of knowledge about politics, media formats on the Internet as well as the most important actors playing the role of opinion leaders in the process of political socialization of young people. The study proved that young people display features of media use characteristic of “traditional” mass communication tools (such as television), but also a tendency to use new forms of media, characteristic of “generation Z”. At the same time, significant differences in this respect were observed on the grounds of gender and the declared approach to the religion by young people from Wielkopolska region.

African Form of Indigenous Mass Communication in the Case of Ethiopia

The purpose of this article is to explore African form of indigenous mass communication with emphasis on Ethiopian indigenous form mass communication institutions, tools, manuscripts, and regulatory bodies. The method employed for this study is qualitative. First hand documents, tools and observation were considered as sources of primary data. Furthermore, pertinent literature was reviewed. The data was analyzed qualitatively where description of the responses on the bases of themes was given emphasis. The finding of this study argued that drum beating, horn blowing and town crying are a form of mass communications in the ancient time. In ancient time news in Africa was first made public from the tower in the center, squares of the city, palace main stairs, market and church. Town Criers, Azmari and shepherds were the journalists and the essential news presenters in ancient times. In the same manner, Afe Negus (mouth of the King) and Tsehafe Tezaze (Minister of Pen) were originally indigenous information regulatory bodies of the empire regime. This research discovered the oldest African newspaper in Ethiopia, a news sheet entitled Zenamewale (Daily News) and the first written newspaper and inscriptions of king Ezana are the first types of African form of news, which dates back to 320 A.D. Zena mewale is believed to be the first handmade press so far known in Africa for 700 years. This confirmed that Ethiopia has 3,000 years of indigenous forms of oral mass communication and handmade press history in Africa. Keywords: indigenous mass communication institutions, tools of traditional mass communication, manuscripts, regulatory bodies, Ethiopia

Соцмережа Фейсбук та захист українського інформаційного простору в умовах російсько‑українського конфлікту

У представленому доробку — спроба проаналізувати значущість, місце і роль соціальних мереж як одного із інструментів проведення інформаційно-психологічних операцій гібридної війни.Серед іншого, в статті розглянуто:причини становлення та популярності соціальних мереж в ролі масовокомунікаційного інструменту, його переваги порівняно із класичними мас-медійними платформами;деякі наукові розробки щодо методів та цілей проведення інформаційних операцій в умовах гібридної війни;конкретні приклади використання такого інструментарію в проведенні інформаційно-психологічних операцій гібридної війни, зокрема, щодо формування негативного іміджу України, підриву її мобілізаційної готовності, поширення панічних настроїв, відчуття небезпеки, соціальної непевності серед її громадян засобами соціальних мереж;а також деякі засоби протидії таким операціям в умовах «війни п’ятого виміру».Перелічено інструменти спротиву в умовах інформаційної війни, в тому числі із міжнародної практики (юридичні, освітні, журналістські та громадські ініціативи).Продемонстровано активність на державному, приватному, громадянському та споживацькому рівнях щодо ефективного убезпечення суспільства від потенційних шкідливих впливів на суспільство та державу з боку її недоброзичливців.Подано практичні рекомендації на рівні користувача соціальних мереж щодо унеможливлення/зменшення небажаних ефектів від інформаційно-психологічних операцій, наголошено про важливість інформаційної гігієни та медіаграмотності, як для пересічних користувачів соціальних мереж, так і для тих, кому Фейсбук слугує професійним інструментом комунікації: громадським діячам, журналістам.Стаття може стати в нагоді журналістам-практикам, студентам, науковцям, а також широкому колу користувачів соціальних мереж, що хотіли б підняти свій користувацький рівень, а також власне розуміння інформаційних процесів в умовах гібридної війни та їх утілення в соцмережах.

O DISCURSO RELIGIOSO NA MÍDIA DE MASSA

O objetivo deste artigo é oferecer uma leitura analítica de dados recentes sobre a presença e a intensidade da difusão de conteúdo religioso por meio do sistema de televisão aberta no Brasil. Sabendo que a recepção de conteúdo via TV aberta é ainda uma poderosa ferramenta de comunicação de massa, relacionamos a presença de conteúdo religioso nesse modal de mídia com o conceito de proselitismo, propondo uma reflexão crítica sobre a importância da presença no ambiente televisivo para as denominações religiosas. Para tanto, utilizamos dois instrumentos metodológicos: a leitura analítica de dados estatísticos já disponíveis e uma revisão de bibliografia com referências que ajudam a embasar teoricamente a discussão. Procuramos demonstrar que a inserção das comunidades religiosas no ambiente midiático é uma ferramenta profícua para a implantação de uma estratégia de proselitismo; e que, em contrapartida, a exposição de diversas e múltiplas denominações leva a um ambiente concorrencial que induz facilmente ao trânsito de fiéis entre comunidades.

Social media e relazioni industriali

What impact the social media instruments are having on industrial relationships and, in particular, on collective bargaining? This subject, despite the widespread use of such instruments, is only partially investigated.The theme is here observed from the point of view of an Industrial Relations’ operator, by trying to grasp some trends from the experience, in discontinuity with respect to the traditional schemes of the bargaining, which seem to be linked to the pervasive confirmation of new mass communication tools. The most evident aspects are the simplification of language, the focus of trade union negotiations on immediately perceptible issues as responding to the needs of workers, and the progressive disappearance of the liturgical aspects of the negotiations.In addition, a substantial lack of regulation about the use of social media in the framework of the industrial relationships is highlighted.

Social Studies Teacher Candidates’ Perception of Digital Citizenship

<p style="text-align:justify">With the rapid pace of technological and digital change, the use of mass communication and digital communication tools, and internet usage have become very prevalent and thus digital citizenship education has become a necessity for individuals so that they can effectively use these technologies. In this respect, in-class and out-of-class activities play a crucial role in developing students’ digital citizenship competencies in social studies education. Teacher candidates’ perception of digital citizenship will influence students as well. The objective of the current study is to identify the perception of the social studies teacher candidates towards digital citizenship. A descriptive cross-sectional screening model was utilized in the study. The sample of the study is composed of senior teacher candidates attending the Social Studies Teaching Department, Faculty of Education of Ege University in the 2016-2017 academic year. Digital Citizenship Attitude Scale was employed to identify the perceptions of teacher candidates towards digital citizenship. The analysis of the results in the context of subdimensions indicates that no statistically significant difference was found by the gender variable, however significant differences was observed in digital citizenship levels of the teacher candidates according to the variables of owning a personal computer, age and years of experience in computer use.</p>

Turkish Teacher Candidates’ Views on the “Mass Communication and Turkish” Course in the Context of Social Media Use

It was aimed in this study to determine the Turkish teacher candidates’ views on the “Mass Communication and Turkish” course in the context of social media use. A case study method was used in the study. Semi-structured interview forms for students were used in the process of gathering data. Certain data obtained as a result of interviews were interpreted through descriptive analyses within the scope of scientific research methods. The study was conducted at a university in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey on 20 teacher candidates studying in the Department of Turkish Education. As a data collection instrument, interview forms were used to obtain the teacher candidates’ views on the relationship between mass communication and language, their habits of using mass media, the influence of mass media on language and on the teacher candidates, language problems in the context of the use of social media, the basic factors causing these problems and their suggestions for the solution of the problems within the scope of “Mass Communication and Turkish” course. The data obtained through the interview forms were recorded within the participant’s knowledge, and then transcribed by using the content analysis method. It was ensured that the data were complete, intact, and reliable. They were confirmed by the participants. Then, the voice recordings were destroyed based on ethical principles. Based on the data obtained from the interview forms, a content analysis was carried out to make explanations and do evaluations. As a result of the study, the teacher candidates saw the Mass Communication and Turkish course as a useful and necessary course for themselves. According to the teacher candidates, mass communication was important, and it was important to use the mass communication tools correctly and effectively in terms of language. Mass communication tools were not used in a conscious and sensitive way, especially in the context of social media. There were problems especially in the use of Turkish. A unity could not be established in language. A national consciousness could not be achieved. The “Mass Communication and Turkish” course expanded the horizons of the Turkish teacher candidates and made them more conscious in the use of language. After taking this course, they were clearly more familiar with the concept of mass communication. They learned the functions of mass media better. Again, according to the teacher candidates, they understood the importance of using Turkish correctly in mass communication in the context of social media. In the context of social media, the “Mass Communication and Turkish” course was found to fulfill important functions in the communication skills of Turkish teacher candidates in gaining the habit of using Turkish correctly and effectively. As a result of this study, it was found that this course provided an important contribution with a national consciousness to the reading, writing, listening and speaking of language/Turkish, which is the most basic tool for mass communication today that we call the information age. In this sense, as a result of the study, solutions were proposed for problems related to Turkish education and teaching in the context of mass communication.

Crime prevention technologies: problems of formation and development

The limitations and prerequisites of the development of the domestic theory and practice of crime prevention are analyzed. The concept is proposed and the characteristics of crime prevention technologies are given. Based on the author’s empirical studies, the main obstacles to their formation and development are considered: inertia of criminological science; conservatism and bureaucratization of anti-criminal practices, its isolation from criminological science; deficiencies in legal regulation; problems of personnel and organizational support. A meaningful characteristic of the perspective crime prevention technologies are given: cyber prevention, marketing, social advertising, participation of citizens and non-governmental organizations in crime prevention, assessment of the quality of preventive measures and their implementers, programming and planning, using of mass communication tools in crime prevention, individual preventive action and prevention of crimes in small groups.

Os impactos da sociedade da informação no direito à privacidade da pessoa natural e da pessoa jurídica

A Sociedade da Informação causou impactos em todos os espaços da vida das pessoas por meio das tecnologias, da circulação da informação de maneira mais célere, das ferramentas de comunicação em massa gerando a visibilidade e acessibilidade aos mais diversos conteúdos. Dentre as conexões que este fenômeno possui, a que está atrelada mais intimamente ao Direito é uma das que enseja maior reflexão e debates, ainda mais quando o tema é o direito à privacidade. A privacidade ficou mais comprometida e exposta, o que por sua vez exige que novos mecanismos de proteção surjam em prol das pessoas naturais e jurídicas. Diante desta realidade, consumidores e sociedades empresariais enfrentam desafio constante em busca de proteção. Através do método dedutivo e revisão bibliográfica, o presente artigo tem por objetivos apresentar e analisar os impactos da sociedade da informação no direito à privacidade da pessoa natural e da pessoa jurídica.

Analyzing the role of media orchestration in conducting disinformation campaigns on blogs

Social media is undoubtedly a widely used communication platform that affords easier sharing and access to information. Even though social media is used for benevolent purposes, a few use this platform for deviant activities such as cyberbullying, cyber warfare or propaganda, disinformation and fake news dissemination to influence the masses. With the availability of inexpensive and ubiquitous mass communication tools like social media, disseminating false information and propaganda is both convenient and effective. Social media in general and blogs in particular act as virtual spaces where narratives are framed. In order to generate discourse, web traffic needs to be driven to these virtual spaces. Social media platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, and other websites are therefore used as vehicles to disseminate the content. This link between blogs and social media platforms is vital to examine disinformation campaigns. In this research, we examine the role of media orchestration strategies, more specifically, cross-media and mix-media strategies in conducting disinformation campaigns. The paper presents an in-depth examination of the information networks using social network analysis and cyber forensic-based methodology, to identify prominent information actors and leading coordinators of the disinformation campaigns. Using the developed research methodology, the study reveals a massive disinformation coordination campaign pertaining to the Baltic region conducted primarily on blogs but strategically linking to a variety of other social media platforms, e.g., Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, VKontakte, among others.

Media portrayal of a hidden problem: An analysis of Hong Kong newspaper coverage of child maltreatment in 2016

The news media plays a vital role in providing child protection information and resources, shaping the public's understanding and perceptions of child maltreatment, and exposing system failures and setting policy agendas. To date, little is known about how child maltreatment is portrayed in the media in societies where these issues remain largely hidden and under-recognized. The purpose of the present study was to systematically examine newspaper coverage on child abuse and neglect in Hong Kong in order to assess how child maltreatment is currently presented and framed within public discourse. A total of 579 newspaper reports relevant to child maltreatment from four local newspapers in 2016 were reviewed. Similar to prior findings, cases involving sexual abuse received disproportionately more attention compared with other maltreatment types. The vast majority of news reports focused on specific cases or events, and seldom discussed child maltreatment as a broader social issue. Differences in reporting style and media framing were also compared by newspaper credibility, and for free versus paid newspapers. As a mass communication tool, more guidelines are needed to formulate public messages about child maltreatment that can improve individual, community, and structural capacities to prevent, identify, and respond to children who are victimized by abuse and neglect. This is especially important in jurisdictions where no mandatory reporting framework exists to help identify vulnerable children, and where the majority of child maltreatment is brought to the attention of authorities by families and those living within the child's community.

Freedom of Mass Communication in the Digital Age in the Case of the Internet: “Freedom House” and the USA Example

Similar to various other disciplines, there have been significant changes and developments in the communication domain during the first quarter of the 21st century. The use of the Internet, which is considered as a vital communication tool in modern times, and often referred to as the “digital information communication era/digital era”, has become increasingly popular and has experienced significant development and change. Such change has led to a transformation in the concept of “new media” and has extended its scope to include the concept of social media; thus, the Internet has become an essential aspect of life due to its characteristics of facilitating information access and socialization. The “Internet” can be interpreted in different ways, including an important mass communication tool that serves the purposes of globalization (within McLuhan’s Global Village Theory); or an important tool in the simulation universe (within Bourdieu’s Simulation Universe Theory); or a new public sphere (within Habermas’s Public Sphere Theory). However, in addition to its benefits, the “harm” has also become an issue that is subject to analysis as much as the legal responsibility dimension of the concept. From this perspective, various countries around the world have started to use different practices in relation to the access and use of terms in political and legal aspects. In particular, “the Internet censorship” has become vital in the determination of limits, since crossing such lines could damage the fundamental principles of human rights and democracy. The American organization, Freedom House, which conducts regular studies to identify the status of relevant limitations as well Internet freedoms and publishes reports accordingly, is a leading supervisory body when it comes to “the freedoms” on a global scale. Based on the independence of analysis conducted in various countries by Freedom House on the practices of those countries from an international political and economic perspective based on political rights and human rights; at the specific level, this study assesses the analysis of Freedom House conducted on the USA in different periods within the framework of decisions made by American courts and statements from politicians. In general, this study aims to discuss the possibility of Freedom House maintaining its activities in an independent structure. This study has a multi-disciplinary nature, with communication science focusing on the concept of the Internet as a basic communication tool; with the jurisprudence due to the assessment of legal arrangements used for internet censorship, given by other geographical example, with a particular focus on the example of the USA and related court decisions; and political science due to the regulation of the subject and the preparation of related laws by the government and interpretation of the matter by politicians. Additionally, pursuant to the data collected in relation with all disciplines, the status of Internet freedom in the USA, which is indicated in the reports of Freedom House to be one of the countries with the most freedom, and objectivity analysis of Freedom House will be performed through the content analysis (legal analysis and comparative analysis) method.

DUYGUSAL ZEKÂ OKURYAZARLIĞINI REKLAMLAR ÜZERİNDEN ANLAMAYA YÖNELİK ARAŞTIRMA

Interest in the popular expands gradually and resembles each other in the new world order which indeed enhances its localness through globalization. Television is the leading of the most efficient mass communication tool. In our day, almost all the television broadcastings in the world are similar or adapted versions of each other. Changeable, fluid and temporary popular culture can be stated as “the reader’s interchanging and producing of the text”. Raising awareness of the individuals against the media messages by advertisements are intended to be delivered to them by media literacy. It is possible to say that media literacy is based upon the view that individuals should have some thinking skills for being more critical consumers. Emotional Intelligence which states the ability of recognizing, understanding and using the human emotions effectively is one of the crucial elements of media literacy. It is possible to express it as emotional intelligence literacy. The question of how is the media literacy of the young people rigged with advertisements is researched in this study within the context of emotional intelligence literacy. What sort of an emotional intelligence reading they are doing is revealed through the inquiry of three advertisements they remember at the first time. The study which is done with the senior students of Communication Faculty in 2008 and 2016 is expected to be a suggestive pre-study.

THE CONSTRUCTION OF CONSUMER CULTURE THROUGH CAR COMMERCIALS

Bu calismanin amaci reklamlarin tuketim olgusu uzerindeki kulturel incelenmesidir. Bu amacla, cesitli televizyon kanallarinda gosterilen on iki otomobil reklami ornegi uzerinden nitel bir icerik analizi yurutulmustur. secilmesinin nedeni, teknolojinin vazgecilmez bir parcasi olan bu sektorun son derece hizli bir sekilde degisim gostererek tuketim aliskanliklarini farkli sekillerde bicimlendirmesidir. Bu baglamda, soz konusu reklamlarin toplumsal manipulasyonlari acisindan bir reklam okumasi yapilmistir. Soz konusu reklamlarin analizi Baudrillard, Veblen, teorisyenlerin tuketime yonelik gorusleri baglaminda ele alinmistir. Reklamdaki tuketim unsurunun guclendirilip asil tuketim nesnesi olan arabalarin davranisinin kilmistir. Bu calismanin sonucunda ozellikle populer kulturun olusmasinda ve dagitiminda onemli bir faktor olan kitle iletisim araclarinin davranisinin analizi yapilmis olacaktir

Perception of gender equality in new media

AbstractIntroduction : Social gender is a concept that is used to describe the roles to be fulfilled, behavioral patterns and duties and responsibilities expected from males and females in socialization process according to the culture of the society where they live in different from biological gender. Media is a significant tool for determination and internalization of social gender roles. In parallel with social change and transformation, the change had in mass communication tools become effective in every field. New communication aspect called as new media provide opportunity for individuals to express themselves and present their opinions on every issue freely different from other mass communication tools.Methods : In this study, it was aimed to investigate the comments made on the concepts of "gender equality" and "gender inequality" on the social sharing sites named Ekşi Sözlük and Uludağ Sözlük. The comments made over the concepts of “social gender equality” and “social gender inequality” in web site called “Ekşi Sözlük” and “Uludağ Sözlük” were reviewed during to 1 June- 15 September 2015 in this study and it was targeted to research the perception of social gender. For analyzing data, content analyzis was applied to comments. Results :In the study, 105 comments made on Ekşi Sözlük and 39 comments made on Uludağ Sözlük in regard to the subject matter were categorized and analyzed as "gender equality/inequality" and "gender roles". According to the data attained from analysis of the study, as opposed to conventional media, it is seen that the comments made on gender are quite varied. Besides such comments which reduce women merely to a body, insult them, assert that they lack the knowledge, skills and competence for existing in the public sphere, comments exceeding the equalitarian viewpoint on the subject, grounding on justice and equity have been identified.Discussion : Reflections of the conventional patriarchal mentality are evidently seen in the comments on Ekşi Sözlük and Uludağ Sözlük. Being an environment where an issue is discussed by people in several numbers and having quite different opinions in different perspectives, social networking sites provide an important source of knowledge to the forms of peoples’ understanding and interpretation of social life. According to the data obtained in the research, the perception of social gender has still been produced in new media. However, it can be said that social gender perception is directed through the course where the understanding of “difference is not inequality” with an upper point of view exceeding the concepts of equality and inequality is grounded on in new media despite adopting an opponent discourse on the contrary to mainstream media.

In Innovative Entertainment Economy Framework, Economic Impacts of Culture Industries: Turkey and Hollywood Samples

This study begin with the facilities of the film industry in Turkey, then activities of Ministry of Culture and Tourism General Directorate of Cinema of Turkey, sales of box office, and film industry investments are discussed. Contributions of the film industry to economies and cultures of the cities analyzed with multiplier effect. When analyze the Turkish film industry export, which has been argued that it is level to show the effect on the international scale. The main point of this discussion is Hollywood film industry that has effects in global scale with advances level. The film industry is seen as a mass communication tool with sub-factors. Cinema is also one of the content items of mass media. It affects society in many different ways as from fashion to tourism and from culture to economy. Hollywood is a successful sample in this regard. It has effects all around the world with perception management and commercial relations. In what degree, Turkey can export series, movies and other multimedia elements and use movie industry as an economic and cultural bridge were evaluated. Although early stage, the transfer of cultural codes and economical choice will be realized more quickly with the improvements of communication and transportation facilities. The issues to be addressed within the scope of cultural economics and information technology, the effects of the Turkish film industry on a global scale will be considered, so that the researchers who will make new studies, the investors who make movies, and industrial organizations have a study to base. By examination of this study periodically in the future, changings of effects of the Turkish film industry on a global scale to be seen and trend analysis can also be performed.