Masculinity Research Articles

Exploring Differences in Automotive Logo Design Between Chinese and Western Cultures Based on Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions Theory

This paper, based on Hofstedes cultural dimensions theory, provides a cultural perspective on understanding domestic automotive design by comparing the differences between Chinese and Western cultures. The analysis of cultural dimension indexes in both Chinese and Western contexts reveals significant differences in IDV (individualism), MAS (masculinity), and LTO (long-term orientation). Through the comparison of three aspects: individualism vs collectivism, long-term vs short-term orientation, and long-term orientation vs short-term orientation, this paper explores the differences in automotive logo design resulting from variations in design form, aesthetic, and concept due to cultural disparities between China and the West. Additionally, well-known automotive brand cases in the market are cited for analysis. Based on the disparities in Chinese and Western cultures, this paper proposes that through cultural cross-pollination, domestic automotive logo designs can break away from homogeneity, offering insights for domestic automotive brands to expand into overseas markets through distinctive logo designs.

Accounting in the shadows of tradition: the role of national culture

PurposeCurrent research aims to investigate the relationships between Chinese national cultural values (uncertainty avoidance (UA), power distance, masculinity (MAS), individualism (IDV) and Confucian dynamism) and accounting practices (professionalism, uniformity, conservatism and secrecy).Design/methodology/approachA sample of 842 users/preparers of financial statements participated in this cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey from China. Covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) was used to test the proposed relationship.FindingsResults show that cultural values strongly impact financial reporting practices in China. Chinese society is characterized by low UA, high power distance, collectivism, future orientation (Confucianism) and masculine traits. These values show an overall preference for uniformity, conservatism and secrecy in financial reporting with weak professionalism. The findings show that Chinese society emphasizes law abidance, strict codes of conduct, written rules and regulations and respect for consistent orthodox measures.Practical implicationsThis study provides valuable input for policymakers in developing regulations and accounting standards in the Chinese market. Understanding the relationship between cultural dimensions and accounting values helps to address societal challenges and align policies with cultural values to acquire desired financial reporting values. Global firm managers must consider cultural dimensions in accounting when entering Chinese markets or negotiating with partners from different cultures. Findings also suggest local managers gain self-awareness of their cultural biases and accounting values, enabling them to navigate businesses and society's financial reporting needs.Originality/valueThis study enriches the existing literature on cultural and accounting practice studies by validating the role of stakeholder and social contract theories in Gray–Hofstede’s framework and highlighting the influence of dominant cultural values on accounting values. The study provides a unique empirical analysis of the Chinese market by using a questionnaire survey and structural equation modeling (SEM). Further, it also opens avenues for future research on the relationship between cultural dimensions, accounting practices and their global impact. These findings emphasize the importance of cultural sensitivity and adaptability, especially in multicultural environments.

문화적 거리가 해외 투자 성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

This study examines the impact of Hofstede's cultural distance on the performance of 295 Korean manufacturing SMEs in foreign countries, categorizing them into subsidiaries and independent firms. The results show that the performance of subsidiaries is higher than that of independent firms when cultural distance is not taken into account. However, when the cultural distances between home and host countries is considered, subsidiaries are more negatively affected by cultural distances than independent firms in terms of overall cultural distance and power distance (PDI), individualism (IDV), and masculinity (MAS). This finding suggests that the flexibility in responding and adjusting independent firms to local cultures with operational autonomy positively contributes to the mitigation of liability of foreignness incurred by cultural distances, and thus provides practical implications for internationalizing firms in seeking efficient strategies to cope with liabilities of internationalization.

Influence of Organizational Culture on Human Resource Management Practices in Nepalese Commercial Banks

This study examines the relationship between organizational culture and human resource management in Nepalese commercial banks. This study aims to analyze the impact of specific factors on Nepalese commercial banks' human resource management practices. To estimate the relationship between human resource management, and the organizational cultural dimensions, the study used a descriptive and causal-comparative research design. The study relies on primary data derived from a self-administered questionnaire. In total, 24 commercial banks were chosen for the study, 410 questionnaires were distributed and 390 questionnaires were collected for the analysis. To achieve the study's goal, a structured questionnaire was constructed. The findings show there was a significant positive relationship between power distance (PD), collectivism (CO), masculinity (MA), uncertainty avoidance (UA), and long-term orientation (LTO) with human resource management (HRM). The result further revealed that Power distance (PD), collectivism (CO), masculinity (MA), and uncertainty avoidance (UA) have a significant positive impact on human resource management (HRM), and long-term orientation (LTO) do not have any influence on human resource management (HRM). The findings of this study can be implemented for better management of the human resources of Nepalese commercial banks.

Popular culture and the 'crisis of masculinity'

The eighties and nineties have wit nessed a renewed and unpre cedented Interest in men and mas culinity due to the emergence of the alleged contemporary 'crisis of masculinity'. This has been most preva lent in popular culture representations, which appear on the sur face to offer the modern man a whole range of 'new' roles and rela tionships, freeing him from patria chal entrapment and the dicates and demands of the traditional male sex role. The New Man Is Imaged as soft, sensitive, expressive and un afraid to show his emotions. New erotosized Images have made their appearance, and men are Imaged as sex objects in a way that only women were represented In the past. However, the question arises as to what these Images mean, and whether or not they represent any change In the patriarchal status quo In Western societies. In this article an attempt is made to deconstruct some of the new notions of masculinity in the light of the contempo rary 'crisis of masculinity', and the new popular culture representations of men In the mass media.

Cultural influence on using mobile instant messaging applications to develop and maintain friendships

Mobile instant messaging (MIM) applications have gained popularity in recent years. Their useful and effective features help users communicate more effectively. Communication technology adoption requires an understanding of cultural factors. In this study, there are four cultural dimensions evaluated: collectivism (COL), masculinity (MAS), power distance (PWR), and uncertainty avoidance (UA). These four cultural dimensions of a country were studied in order to understand their relation to two constructs of friendship development (FD) and relationship management (RM). Furthermore, this study examines the relationship between those two constructs and people’s intentions to continue utilizing MIM. Three hundred and twenty-one respondents from Taiwan participated in an online survey. The PLS-SEM method was used to perform the data analysis. In the study, a significant correlation was found between collectivism and friendship development and relationship management. However, masculinity does not have a significant impact on friendship development. A high power distance does not negatively affect relationship management. A high power distance has a significant positive effect on relationship management. An increase in uncertainty avoidance does not negatively affect friendship development. However, an increase in uncertainty avoidance has a significant positive effect on friendship development. MIM apps for friendship development and relationship maintenance are impacted by four cultural dimensions. These findings provide theoretical and practical implications for insight into these factors.

Environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosure and firm performance: does national culture matter?

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to analyze the extent to which culture may affect the relationship between environmental, social and governance disclosure (ESGD) and firm performance (FP).Design/methodology/approachData for testing the hypotheses are collected from 668 firms in the energy sector worldwide over a period of eight years from 2009 to 2016. The analysis is carried out using the instrumental variables regression technique to account for endogeneity. Hofstede’s cultural dimensions of power distance (PD), masculinity (MASC), long-term orientation (LTO), uncertainty avoidance (UNCAVOID) and individualism (INDV) are used as proxies for culture.FindingsThe results show that ESGD has a significant negative impact on the profitability of energy firms. When cultural dimensions are taken into account, PD and LTO are found to significantly moderate the relationship between ESGD and FP, whereas MASC, UNCAVOID and INDV have no significant effect on the relationship between ESGD and FP.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study highlight the need for regulators to consider the importance of cultural dimensions when seeking to develop a single global standard for ESGD. In addition, regulators need to weigh both the costs and benefits of developing a global standard for it to be effective and acceptable.Social implicationsThis study emphasizes the need to take into account the cultural orientation of the society in which firms operate when devising strategies to fulfill societal expectations and achieve business goals.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that addresses the role of culture in affecting the impact of ESGD on FP.

The Characteristics of Society in Indonesian Based on the Hofstede Cultural Dimensions: Measuring the Five Indonesian Island

There is culturally plural happens in nowadays life context in many ethnicities, in the same space. This cultural diversity leads to different communication and attitude in social society. The difference between the two cultures, the bigger between two cultures exist, the bigger challenge to adapt. Previous research stated that Indonesia is one Hofstede cultural group. But based on its location, Indonesia has various ethnic and historical sites. By seeing all of them, this paper has aimed to measure, to classify, and to do mapping on Indonesian cultural dimension characteristics. It has some of research steps by considering culture, management, and clustering of Indonesian cultural dimensions. The measurement using Hofstede was conducted to on 805 respondents, analyzed by using principal component analysis and been clustered by using principal component analysis and clustered using the agglomeration hierarchy clustering method. Respondents were coming from Indonesian native live in Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Kupang and Ambon. The result showed that Indonesian culture could be categorized into 4 cluster groups; furthermore, it can be classified into 2 dimensions: intrinsic characteristics (1); environmental and future characteristics (2). The dimension of intrinsic characteristics consists of the power distance index (PDI), collectivism (COLL), and masculinity (MAS). At the same time, the dimension of environmental and future characteristics consists of uncertainty avoidance (UAI) and long-term orientation (LTO). The result of this study is a cultural mapping in Indonesian society that a potentially contribute to developing cultural pattern in smart cities.

The influence of Hofstede’s cultural dimension on tax compliance behaviour of tax practitioners

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine whether Hofstede’s cultural dimensions have a significant relationship with ethical decision-making among tax practitioners while performing their duties in ensuring tax compliance among taxpayers.Design/methodology/approachA structured questionnaire was used to collect data from tax practitioners in the state of Terengganu, Malaysia. Two hundred questionnaires were distributed via Google Forms and email to tax practitioners who were selected from the Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia website using a mixture of systematic random and snowball sampling approaches. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences software program was used to analyse the collected data.FindingsThe results show that power distance (PD), individualism (IND) and uncertainty avoidance (UAV) have a significant relationship with ethical decision-making, whereas masculinity (MAS) has no significant relationship with ethical decision-making among tax practitioners while carrying out their duties. The positive relationship of PD and of IND with decision-making behaviour indicates that ethical decision-making is highly practised in a low PD and low IND culture rather than in a high PD and high IND culture. In contrast, UAV shows a negative beta sign, which indicates that tax practitioners tend to practise ethical decision-making in a high UAV culture.Originality/valueThis study fills a gap in the literature in regard to the influence of culture on tax compliance particularly among tax practitioners in Malaysia. The study shows how culture is related to the decision-making practices of tax practitioners while performing their role as an intermediary between their clients and the government. It is worthwhile to examine the decision-making of tax practitioners because the results of such an examination not only provide some insights into the professional practices of accountants that will be of interest to the relevant authorities such as the Malaysian Institute of Accountants, they also offer some information that will be of assistance to higher learning institutions in formulating accounting programmes to produce the future generation of accountants.

Men, Masculinities, and Religion

Men, Masculinities, and Religion

Book Review: Alicia M Walker, Chasing Masculinity: Men, Validation, and Infidelity

Book Review: Alicia M Walker, <i>Chasing Masculinity: Men, Validation, and Infidelity</i>

Men, masculinity and anti-feminist violence at the post-conflict frontier, Nagaland, India

Men, masculinity and anti-feminist violence at the post-conflict frontier, Nagaland, India

Validating a generic cancer consumer quality index in eight European countries, patient reported experiences and the influence of cultural differences

BackgroundTaking patient centeredness into account is important in healthcare. The European Cancer Consumer Quality Index (ECCQI) is a validated tool for international benchmarking of patient experiences and satisfaction.This study aimed to further validate the ECCQI in larger and more uniform groups of high volume tumours such as breast and prostate cancer. A second objective was the verification of the influence of cultural factors of the country to determine its possible use in international benchmarking.MethodsData from two survey studies in eight European countries were combined. Socio-demographic correlations were analysed with Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to validate internal consistency. Influences of masculinity (MAS), power distance (PD) and uncertainty avoidance (UA) were determined by linear regression analysis in a general model and subgroup models.ResultsA total of 1322 surveys were included in the analysis (1093 breast- and 348 prostate cancer patients). Cronbach’s alpha was good (α ≥ 0.7) or acceptable (0.5 ≤ α ≤ 0.7) in 8 out of 9 questionnaire categories, except in the category ‘Safety’ (α = 0.305). Overall ECCQI scores ranged from 22.1 to 25.1 between countries on a 1–35 scale (categories had a 1–4 scale). In certain subcategories such as ‘Organisation’ (range 2.2 vs 3.0) and ‘Supervision & Support’ (range 3.0 vs 3.8) a large difference was observed between countries. Differences in ‘Overall opinion’ were however small: mean scores of 3.7 vs 3.9, whereas median scores were all the maximum of 4.0. Power distance was positively associated with higher patient satisfaction scores whereas Uncertainty avoidance was negatively associated with these scores. Masculinity was only associated with patient satisfaction scores in lower educated patients. We found the highest impact of culture on overall scores in Hungary and Portugal and the lowest in Romania.ConclusionsThe ECCQI shows high internal consistency in all categories except ‘Safety’. Especially in separate categories and overall ECCQI scores the questionnaire showed discriminative value. This study showed a positive correlation of power distance and a negative correlation for uncertainty avoidance in some countries. When using the ECCQI for international benchmarking these two dimensions of culture should be taken into account.

Marginalized Masculinity and an Aspect of the Crack of Patriarchy

Marginalized Masculinity and an Aspect of the Crack of Patriarchy

Book Review: Everyday Masculinities in 21st-Century China: The Making of Able-Responsible Men, by Magdalena Wong

Book Review: <i>Everyday Masculinities in 21st-Century China: The Making of Able-Responsible Men</i>, by Magdalena Wong

THE TRAUMA OF SLAVE WOMEN IN HUMUS

The story of slavery is always told from the masculine perspective neglecting the suffering of women who were also taken into captivity and forced into labor. Many people who talk about this horrific story speak of the suffering of men taken against their will at the expense of that of women. For this reason, Fabienne Kanor, a Martinican writer chose to tell the story of African women of different origins and the different forms of abuses and sufferings they suffered during their crossing of the Atlantic Ocean to other parts of the world to work as slaves. This work aims to discuss the suffering of these slave women by exposing their sufferings and traumas.

Masculinidades hegemónicas: continuidades y rupturas en el campo político de América Latina

En las sociedades patriarcales, el campo político ha estado asociado históricamente a lo masculino, lo cual ha definido sus actores clave, aquellos que buscan y ejercen el poder. Sus líderes no solo han representado ideologías, también una forma de ser hombres y de ser valorados como tales, en un contexto específico, a través de sus discursos y acciones. En América Latina, durante la última década, algunos gobernantes alcanzaron peculiar protagonismo dentro de la producción noticiosa generando polémica sobre diversos temas. Sus apariciones públicas estuvieron marcadas por un estilo de hacer política centrado en su masculinidad. Se pueden encontrar, en medios nacionales e internacionales, discursos que reafirman los parámetros asociados a la masculinidad hegemónica. En tanto exhibición de autoridad justificada en los escenarios mediáticos, esto pudiera parecer un punto ciego que se instala, pero no es tal. También abre la puerta a posibles rupturas y nuevas elucidaciones sobre las representaciones de “ser hombre”. En ese sentido, este texto analiza las representaciones mediáticas de los presidentes José Mujica, Evo Morales y Rafael Correa usando una metodología de orden hermenéutico interpretativo basada en el modelo teórico proporcionado por Michael S. Kimmel sobre la masculinidad.

Everyday Masculinities in Twenty-First-Century China: The Making of Able-Responsible Men, by Magdalena Wong. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2020. xi+162 pp. US$51.00/HK$400.00 (cloth).

<i>Everyday Masculinities in Twenty-First-Century China: The Making of Able-Responsible Men</i>, by Magdalena Wong. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2020. xi+162 pp. US$51.00/HK$400.00 (cloth).

Discrimination of wife in the household: CEDAW and Islam mubādalah perspectives

This article analyzes wife discrimination in the household in regard to the Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and Islam Mubādalah . Regulation of wife obligation in the household are stated in the Marriage Law (UUP), Number 1 of 1974, article 34 paragraph (b) which explains “A wife has duty to manage household affairs as well as possible”. The facts show that the regulation is widely understood literally, hence it creates gender bias stigma and a wife discrimination. The study is a librabry research which uses a normative approach, xamines the Marriage Law with qualitative analysis and applies gender justice theories. The research shows that the regulation of the article 34 of the Marriage Law is interpreted textually, which has implications for discrimination on wife roles in the household. As result, this understandings effect on wife discrimination that againsts gender justice in regard to CEDAW and Islam Mubādalah . Novelty of this article, the authors find that the wife discriminations in the household are due to the strong pratiarchical perspective in the article 34 tends of the Marriage Law, and the article tends to be a masculine perspective.

Masculinities and Markets: An Interview with Brenda Parker

Cet entretien porte principalement sur l’ouvrage de Brenda Parker Masculinities and Markets. La conversation se concentre initialement sur le cas de Milwaukee (dont l’étude fonde l’ouvrage de Parker), ville marquée par les politiques urbaines néolibérales et de fortes hiérarchies de race et de genre, puis évolue vers une lecture transatlantique de la ville néolibérale et explore la manière dont les enjeux politiques de la masculinité s’articulent avec la gouvernance urbaine. L’entretien prolonge la réflexion de Parker sur ces questions en prenant en compte les récentes recherches de son interlocuteur, George Katito, sur la manière dont les masculinités, influencées par les forces économiques mondiales, interfèrent avec le processus de gouvernance urbaine et peuvent en même temps le façonner.