Masculine Names Research Articles

Adolescents with Disorders of Sex Development: A 3-Year Psychosocial Follow-Up Before and After Gender Reassignment

Objectives: Psychosocial interventions have been increasingly proven to play a key role in a holistic team-oriented approach to disorders of sex development (DSD) care. This article examined the influence of cultural and religious factors on the acceptance of the decision for gender-reassignment surgery. Next, how this patient accepted herself and her body image, and invested in her femininity, was analyzed. Methods: The study is based on a 3-year follow-up (from 2013 to 2015) of an adolescent with 46,XX DSD, in the mental health department of FANN National University Hospital in Dakar, Senegal. The patient and his/her parents and other family members underwent 12 sessions of counseling and supportive psychotherapy before and after surgical treatment. On average, each session lasted 55 min. Results: Raised as a boy until the age of 15, the patient initially refused surgical intervention. The parents were also confused, owing to the societal preference for males and the fear of stigmatization. The role of the grandfather was instrumental in the counseling and supportive psychotherapy, as he attributed a masculine and religious given name to the child. The postsurgical anatomy reduced the patient’s distress. However, the psychic integration of her bisexuality was ambivalent and accompanied by depressive feelings and intense dream activity. Feminine socialization and environmental learning, conditioned by Wolof traditions and upbringing, were some constraints that affected postgender reassignment outcomes. Conclusion: While gender reassignment affects the patient, but it can even more profoundly affect the parent of that is the same sex to whom as the child’s sex has been as identified at birth. Counseling and supportive therapy should take into account cultural constraints and transformations within and across the psychological developmental stages.

New Evidence from the Onomastic Tradition of Ig

The hapax legomenon QIEMONI found on a recently discovered Roman tombstone from Ig (present-day Slovenia) is analysed from the view-point of epigraphy, onomastics, morpho(phono)logy, and word formation in order to yield or else fail to provide a potentially interesting addition to the PIE lexicon. The sequence is argued to most likely stand for a masculine personal name *Quiemonis, continuing a virtual *kuieH1-mon-(i)o- to PIE *keH1- ‘(have a) rest’. This rather obvious etymological analysis, however, raises several more or less tangential questions, both at the level of Proto-Indo-European as well as with reference to the prehistory of the individual Indo-European linguistic systems in question.

O zmianie biernika w użyciach nieparadygmatycznych

In modern Polish we can observe some processes which contribute to a considerable system change which consists in the expansion of - a in the accusative of semantically inanimate masculine nouns, the appearance of masculine names having different forms of nominative, genitive and accusative and – finally – the bifurcation of the accusative in two cases with reference to masculine nouns denoting games.

Gender of the names of professions

In the Russian language masculine names of professions and jobs are used when refered to females in formal style. There is a limited group of nouns that can form twin feminine names used in neutral style. Feminine names of professions and jobs with the help of the suffixes –ша, -ха, -лка, -чка are used in informal style and contain some shade of scorn. From the end of the twentieth century the research in gender linguistics has been developing rapidly dealing with the problems of the relations between gender and a language. Gender linguistics tries to explain why the masculine predominates in the professional terminology and makes an attempt to change the rule. Names of professions and jobs in the Russian language are formed with the help of suffixes as well as by adoption from other languages.

Serbian feminine names in the early 16th century (based on the 1516 census of the Smederevo Sanjak)

A large number of feminine names can be found in Ottoman census books (defters). These anthroponymic materials provide important sociological, ethnographic, linguistic and historical evidence of the population of Serbian areas included in the census. As for the Serbian sources, feminine names start to appear largely in the commemoration books (pomenici) of a later date (16th-17th centuries), whereas the earlier monastery charters almost exclusively list masculine names. The 1516 Ottoman Census contains the names of 942 women - widows who were taxpayers, because, for one reason or another, there were no males in their households. Their names undeniably show that the population in the Smederevo Sanjak - and the same phenomenon may also be observed in other areas populated by the Serbs - relied on the ancient Slavic (Serbian) onomasticon, which significantly prevailed over Christian names.

The Effect on Lawyers Income of Gender Information Contained in First Names

Abstract We test the Portia Hypothesis – that a more masculine name improves a woman’s legal career – using primary data that we collected so that we can control for an arguably important, but previously omitted, confounding factor: the woman’s parents. In theory, a correlation between nominal masculinity and success may be due to a common cause: parents’ ability to advance their children’s career prospects and the more able parents having an irrelevant preference for masculine names. We control for the family’s wealth by using their child’s educational debt at the time of graduating from law school and for the family’s reputation, within the legal profession, by using the probability of being a lawyer conditional upon their last name. We find robust evidence that a more masculine name improves a woman’s earnings as a lawyer, even when we control for her parents’ wealth and reputation.

Emergent Tropicality: Cyclone Mahina, Bathurst Bay 1899

In 1899 a Category 5 cyclone destroyed almost the entire pearling fleet of Bathurst Bay in North Queensland, sinking 55 ships and killing 307 people (approximately). Its historical status, however, is complicated. Measured by the numbers of lives lost, it is the most severe natural disaster in Australian history since European settlement. But most of the pearlers were either indigenous or foreign, excluded from the national imaginary. Hence the acknowledgement of Mahina’s status in national weather history had continually to be postponed. This is despite the fact that, in world weather history, Mahina holds the record for a storm surge, estimated at 13 metres (43 feet). It also contributed in a major way to making the personal history of the Queensland Government Meteorologist, Clement Wragge, who named it, for it was the first cyclone in world history to be given a personal (rather than a place) name. Wragge gave the cyclone the name of a Polynesian woman, predicting nonetheless that it would “not prove so soft and gentle as the Tahitian maiden of that name.” (For tropical cyclones he preferred female names; for the “cold, blustery cyclones on the polar front” he reserved masculine names (mostly of politicians who refused to subsidise his work). Focusing on Cyclone Mahina and its aftermath, this essay explores the entanglements of meterology and indigeneity in colonial governance in colonial Qyeensland on the eve of Federation. In the context of these historical entanglements, the paper reads Ian Townsend's "tropical gothic" novel, The Devil's Eye, as a remembering and imagining of the nation as it was and might have been.

Discourse relativity in Russian-English bilingual preschoolers’ classification of objects by gender

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: We tested whether structural relativity (i.e. the grammatical gender of words in Russian) or discourse relativity (e.g. the language spoken, cultural attitudes toward objects) would influence preschool Russian–English bilingual children’s classification of toys as boys or girls. Design/methodology/approach: We asked 20 Russian–English bilingual children to classify toys as either boys or girls, once in Russian and once in English. Some of the toys had masculine names in Russian, some feminine and some neuter. Data and analysis: We compared the children’s classifications of the toys between languages and within the items differing on gender (i.e. masculine, feminine and neuter) in Russian. Findings/conclusions: We found some weak support for structural relativity affecting children’s classifications. We found stronger effects that could be attributed to how language is used within a culture: the children classified the toys as boys more often in Russian than in English, and showed strong correlations between their two languages in how they classified toys as well as strong correlations with English monolingual adults’ classifications of the same items. Originality: This study tests the developmental course of language relativity, relying on data from bilingual children. Significance/implications: These results are consistent with a developmental account of language relativity in which some aspects of discourse relativity can emerge early, but structural relativity effects do not emerge until the middle childhood years.

Adaptive changes in speech perception

The influence of individual characteristics on speech perception was studied in relation to weather conditions. Parameters of emotional and color images for 12 masculine names and 6 vowel sounds were used for experimental models. In the period of 1 February – 7 June 2013, 20 women and 6 men, all residents of St.Petersburg, were filling in a special form, estimating the offered parameters of the emotional image by a 5-score scale and registering their color associations. The data collected during 23 days of the experiment were matched with the indices of local and cosmic weather and compared with individual characteristics: gender, the diurnal chronotype by A.A. Putilov («skylark», «dove», «owl»). Mathematical processing included t-criterion, the Fisher criterion and correlation analysis. Significant and valid adaptive changes in the parameters of images of sounds and names were detected in relation to the part of day, season and weather conditions (p≤0.05÷0.001). Characteristics of the pronunciation of a certain vowel or a name influenced their perception under different environmental conditions. There were significant differences in the studied parameters of speech perception between men and women, which correspond to the higher sensitivity of male organisms to environmental conditions, and between people with different diurnal chronotypes (p≤0,05÷0,001).

Osservazioni sul nome Wrocław nella sua veste storica e contemporanea, Polacca e internazionale

NOTES ON THE NAME WROCŁAW IN ITS HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY AS WELL AS POLISH AND INTERNATIONAL ASPECT The paper discusses some data about the name of one of the biggest cities in Poland, the capital of the region of Lower Silesia, Wrocław. The toponym has a long history which includes different periods of foreign domination: Czech, Austro-Hungarian, and mostly German. The origin of the name is perfectly Slavonic: it derives from the archaic personal masculine name Wrocisław. The name is characteristic for its double construction: the verb wrócić ‘return’ and noun sława ‘fame’ or verb sławić ‘praise’, that indicating somebody honoured for returning. The original form has been the subject of many international variations, e.g. the Germanic Presla, Presslau, and Breslau. The Latin adaptation of the toponym Vratislavia in combination with the Germanic Breslau is the most popular as the basis for the internationalization of the name, such as Breslavia in Italian and Spanish. Nowadays, the city has reason to promote its original Polish name. The social challenge of the city is to teach how its name is pronounced, using for example the linguistic hybrid Wroc-Love [vrotzlav]. The creation of some fantastic legends around the city and its name is also significant, increasing popular etymologies of this toponym. The onomastic discourse concerning Wrocław is a natural process of contemporary social communication on local, national and international levels including some antonomastic uses of this toponym: the city is called Venice of the North, and the Polish Prague. Even the Hitlerian catchword of Festung Breslau counts in this discourse of changing is historical meaning.

Czy polszczyznę mogą wzbogacić nowe typy struktur słowotwórczych?

Can Polish be enriched by new types of word-formative structures?
 The paper presents some considerations on the lexical development of Polish. It concentrates on the issues of word-formative enlargement of vocabulary. Against the background of analogy, compensation, and extra- and intralinguistic borrowing, it discusses the possible continuants of feminine names (adjectives and diminutives), and of masculine names of professions that were traditionally reserved for women (e.g. kosmetyczka ‘beautician’, niania ‘nanny’). The paper does not only identify the extralinguistic factors, such as the rise of new naming needs or the phenomenon of linguistic fashion (e.g. structures with the prefix para-), but it also investigates the processes of erosion of morphotactic constraints, and of customary limitations.

The Dreadnought and the Edwardian Age ed. by Robert J. Blyth et al. (review)

Reviewed by: The Dreadnought and the Edwardian Age ed. by Robert J. Blyth et al. Larrie D. Ferreiro (bio) The Dreadnought and the Edwardian Age. Edited by Robert J. Blyth, Andrew Lambert, and Jan Rüger. Aldershot, Hants and Burlington, Vt.: Ashgate, 2011. Pp. xii+244. 65. The British battleship HMS Dreadnought was launched in February 1906, just a few years after Edward VII ascended the throne. The ship was the brainchild of First Sea Lord Jacky Fisher, the hard-driving, forward-thinking admiral who, as a boy, had joined the Royal Navy aboard Horatio Nelson's old flagship HMS Victory. In the century that had passed since the battle of Trafalgar, warships and naval tactics had evolved in slow, halting steps. The all-big-gun, advanced-fire-control, steam-turbine-powered Dreadnought embodied a complete set of revolutionary technologies and tactics that instantly put paid to all previous battleships. Other navies were developing ships along the same lines—USS Michigan was already on the drawing board—but Dreadnought got there first. The name Dreadnought quickly became the metonym for the modern battleship, and its unique profile became instantly recognizable as an icon of British might. Over the subsequent century, the strategic and technological impact of Dreadnought has been written about and discussed perhaps more than any other warship of the twentieth century. Exactly one hundred years after its launch, a group of scholars convened at the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, UK, to participate in an "experiment" (p. xiii) to examine, not the traditional "navalist" history of Dreadnought, but how it fits in a broader historiography. The eleven chapters in this fairly thin book are written by noted experts in their fields and place the ship within its symbolic, political, cultural, and operational contexts. Jan Rüger, who teaches modern European history, begins by showing how the Royal Navy, understanding the role of imagery in the projection of strategy, showcased Dreadnought's launch with a level of pomp and circumstance, including the use of newfangled searchlights, that would not be out of place in a modern Hollywood release. Andrew Lambert, an eminent naval historian, explains that Jacky Fisher chose the name Dreadnought very carefully; it is a fine old English word, first used by Queen Elizabeth I for one of her navy's ships. Martin Daunton, an economic historian, examines the shift in British taxation policies from tariff-heavy to those favoring a more progressive income tax, which allowed "the British government [to] afford both old age pensions and HMS Dreadnought and its successors" (p. 49). T. G. Otte, a specialist in diplomatic history, notes that "Britain's ability to project naval power was a component of her foreign policy" (p. 52). Dreadnought was an overt political statement aimed (unsuccessfully) at deterring foreign powers—notably Germany—from building up their fleets. Michael Epkenhans, author of numerous books on German military history, looks at Dreadnought [End Page 195] through the eyes of German admiral Alfred von Tirpitz, who at first saw the ship as a "golden opportunity" for Germany to build up its fleet and attain parity with Britain, since both navies were starting at "point zero" (p. 80). He came to rue this decision as Britain outspent and outbuilt Germany, and when war came, outfought it as well. In the next section, Lucy Delap and Max Jones look at Dreadnought as an icon in (respectively) "women's politics" (p. 95) and boys' papers. Delap describes with some irony how the Women's Social and Political Union took the aggressively masculine name of the ship for its suffrage paper The Woman's Dreadnought. The ship figured prominently in Boy's Own Paper and Chums as a continuation of their heroic representations of the navy and the sea. The final section locates Dreadnought within its more traditional historiography of technology and operations. Crosbie Smith, who has studied the concepts of efficiency and effectiveness in the works of Lord Kelvin, applies the same lens to Charles Parsons, developer of the steam turbine, and to the aforementioned Jacky Fisher. Naval analyst and historian Eric Grove provides a welcome potted history of HMS Dreadnought that would have perhaps been better placed at the beginning...

Gender Representation in Different Languages and Grammatical Marking on Pronouns: When Beauticians, Musicians, and Mechanics Remain Men

Gygax, Gabriel, Sarrasin, Oakhill, and Garnham (2008) showed that readers form a mental representation of gender that is based on grammatical gender in French and German (i.e., masculine supposedly interpretable as a generic form) but is based on stereotypical information in English. In this study, a modification of their stimulus material was used to examine the additional potential influence of pronouns. Across the three languages, pronouns differ in their grammatical gender marking: The English they is gender neutral, the French ils is masculine, and the German sie, although interpretable as generic, is morphologically feminine. Including a later pronominal reference to a group of people introduced by a plural role name significantly altered the masculine role name's grammatical influence only in German, suggesting that grammatical cues that match (as in French) do not have a cumulative impact on the gender representation, whereas grammatical cues that mismatch (as in German) do counteract one another. These effects indicate that subtle morphological relations between forms actually used in a sentence and other forms have an immediate impact on language processing, although information about the other forms is not necessary for comprehension and may, in some cases, be detrimental to it.

Do Masculine Names Help Female Lawyers Become Judges? Evidence from South Carolina

This paper provides the first empirical test of the Portia Hypothesis: Females with masculine monikers are more successful in legal careers. Utilizing South Carolina microdata, we look for correlation between an individual's advancement to a judgeship and his/her name's masculinity, which we construct from the joint empirical distribution of names and gender in the state's entire population of registered voters. We find robust evidence that nominally masculine females are favored over other females. Hence, our results support the Portia Hypothesis.

Osli keresztnévadásának története napjainkig

Christian-name-giving practices in the settlement of Osli changed greatly in many respects during the two and a half centuries surveyed in the present paper. Until the middle of the 1960s, the name stock was rather poor, with the exception of the period between 1845 and 1885, when popular names changed significantly and many more Christian names came into use, reducing name frequency (the period was first described by Ferenc Jáky, a 19th century local priest). After the 1970s the name stock became even more rich: this period was less characterised by the earlier application of the principle of the importance of inheriting ancestors’ names; furthermore, current nationwide fashion trends in name-giving practices also played an important role. It was the female name stock that changed more considerably: the monotonously repeating name forms of the early periods were substituted by names of less frequency. Even today, however, parents are prone to choose traditional, historical masculine names for their sons; thus boys often inherit their names. Choosing names of two (rarely three) elements could not be demonstrated before the end of the 19th century, and after two generations, by the end of the 20th century this phenomenon disappeared again.

Dying to Tell: Sexuality and Suicide in Imperial Japan

Previous articleNext article No AccessDying to Tell: Sexuality and Suicide in Imperial JapanJennifer RobertsonJennifer Robertson Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Signs Volume 25, Number 1Autumn, 1999 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/495412 Views: 59Total views on this site Citations: 20Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1999 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Leighanne Yuh, Claudia Soddu The Nationalist Critique of Female Double Suicide in Colonial Korea, International Journal of Korean History 27, no.22 (Aug 2022): 1–30.https://doi.org/10.22372/ijkh.2022.27.2.1Michelle H. S. Ho From dansō to genderless: mediating queer styles and androgynous bodies in Japan, Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 22, no.22 (Jul 2021): 158–177.https://doi.org/10.1080/14649373.2021.1927555Marta Fanasca When girls draw the sword: Dansō , cross-dressing and gender subversion in Japanese shōjo manga, Queer Studies in Media & Popular Culture 6, no.11 (Mar 2021): 3–18.https://doi.org/10.1386/qsmpc_00041_1Todd A. Henry Queer Lives as Cautionary Tales, (Feb 2020): 205–260.https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478003366-008Samuel Clowes Huneke Death Wish, New German Critique 46, no.11 (Feb 2019): 127–166.https://doi.org/10.1215/0094033X-7214709Ruth E. Toulson Ritual Vicissitudes: The Uncertainties of Singaporean Suicide Rites, Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry 36, no.22 (Feb 2012): 372–390.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11013-012-9254-2Günter Albrecht Suizid, (Jan 2012): 979–1173.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-94160-8_24 Introduction, (Jan 2012): 1–31.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822395683-001 Rendering Real the Imagined, (Jan 2012): 33–60.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822395683-002 Within Limits, Freedom, (Jan 2012): 61–96.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822395683-003 Virtuous Women, Radical Ethics, and New Regimes of Value, (Jan 2012): 97–136.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822395683-004 Public “Emergence”, (Jan 2012): 137–165.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822395683-005 To Be Lawful, to Be Just, (Jan 2012): 167–204.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822395683-006 Notes, (Jan 2012): 207–233.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822395683-007 References, (Jan 2012): 235–252.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822395683-008Sau-ling C. Wong Circuits/Cycles of Desire, Amerasia Journal 37, no.11 (Feb 2019): 86–111.https://doi.org/10.17953/amer.37.1.v51j548p37850pt4James Welker Telling Her Story: Narrating a Japanese Lesbian Community, Journal of Lesbian Studies 14, no.44 (Jul 2010): 359–380.https://doi.org/10.1080/10894161003677265Jeffrey Angles Queer nonsense: aestheticized homoeroticism in Inagaki Taruho's early stories, Japan Forum 21, no.11 (May 2009): 95–114.https://doi.org/10.1080/09555800902857088Michiko Suzuki Writing Same-Sex Love: Sexology and Literary Representation in Yoshiya Nobuko's Early Fiction, The Journal of Asian Studies 65, no.0303 (Mar 2007): 575–599.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021911806001148Sabine Frühstück Managing the Truth of Sex in Imperial Japan, The Journal of Asian Studies 59, no.22 (Mar 2010): 332–358.https://doi.org/10.2307/2658659

The Correct Gender of Mammalian Generic Names Ending in -Otis

Mammalian generic names ending in -otis include Cloetis , Cryptotis , Dolichotis , Laephotis , Macrotis , Myotis , Pharotis , and Phyllotis . In the literature many of these names currently are associated with a combination of feminine, masculine, and neuter adjectival species names, in violation of the Code of Zoological Nomenclature. These generic names are feminine in gender, and the species names with which they are combined must be corrected appropriately.

Feminine Figures of Death in Greece

To speak of death, Greek uses masculine name: Thanatos. In figural representations Thanatos appears, together with his brother, Hypnos, Sleep as man in the prime of life, wearing helmet and armor.' Raising the corpse of hero fallen on the field of battle, bearing it off to distant place so that it may receive funeral honors, the two divine brothers can be distinguished from ordinary warriors only by the wings on their shoulders. There is nothing terrifying and even less that is monstrous about this Thanatos whose role is not to kill but to welcome the dead, to transport him who has lost his life. In visual art and epic representations, virile Thanatos can even assume the form of the warrior who has been able to discover the perfect fulfillment of his life in what the Greeks call a beautiful death. Thanks to his exploits, in and through his heroic death, the warrior fallen on the front line of battle remains forever present in men's lives and memories: the epic unceasingly celebrates his name and sings his imperishable glory; sixth-century steles present him to public view upon his tomb, forever erect in the flower of his youth, shining with virile beauty. The masculine figure of Thanatos thus does not seem to incarnate the terrible destructive force that descends upon human beings to destroy them, but rather that state other than life, that new condition to which funeral rites offer men access and from which none can escape, since, born of mortal race, all must one day take leave of the light of the Sun to be delivered to the world of darkness and Night. In its frightening aspect, as power of terror expressing the unspeakable and the unthinkable, expressing the radical alterity, it is feminine figure that embodies the horror of death: the monstrous face of Gorgo, whose unbearable gaze transforms men into stone. And it is another feminine figure, Kerblack, grim, evil, horrible, atrocious-who represents death as malefic force that sweeps down upon humans to destroy them, and who, thirsting for their blood, devours them to swallow them into that night in which, according to destiny, they will perish. Certainly, Thanatos is not peaceful and ever gentle to mortals, as is his brother, Sleep. According to Hesiod, Thanatos has a heart of iron, an implacable soul of bronze, but, as the poet quickly adds, keeps forever the man he has taken [Theogony 763, 765-66]. One does not escape Thanatos; one does not return from him. Even cunning Sisyphus, who twice succeeds in tricking Thanatos, finally has to pass through the dire experience. Thanatos is in-

Personal Names and German Noun Inflection

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BUSINESS PARTNERSHIPS: SEX AND ATTRACTIVENESS STEREOTYPES

Three studies are presented, all concerned with the preference for men over women as business partners. In the first study subjects made up names of imaginary partners in a law office. The majority of men and women made up masculine names. While these results support the hypothesized preference for men, they could be due to a confounding of the effects of sex bias and the masculine image of the legal profession. Therefore, in the second study a more neutral line of business (export/import) was employed. Subjects chose an imaginary partner from a set of photographs. As expected, attractive males were chosen most often while unattractive females least often, by men and women. The subjects tended to justify their choices by attributing desirable personal qualities to the chosen individual. The third study looked at the sex composition of existing dyadic partnerships. 90% of the partnerships investigated were of the same sex. It was argued that the paucity of mixed partnerships may be due, at least in part, to fear of rejection or actual rejection of the female member by a potential male partner. The findings tend to support the existing preference for men over women as business partners.