Abstract
References Adelung, Johann Christoph. 1782. Umständliches Lehrgebäude der Deutschen Sprache. 2 vols. Leipzig, Breitkopf. Aichinger, Carl Friedrich. 1754. Versuch einer teutschen Sprachlehre. (reprinted Hildesheim/New York, Olms, 1972) Bach, Adolf. 1952. Deutsche Namenkunde. vol. 1.1 Baesecke, Georg, 1918. Einführung in das Althochdeutsche. Braune, Wilhelm and Hans Eggers. 1975. Althochdeutsche Grammatik. 13th ed. Duden. Grammatik der deutschen Gegenwartsprache. 1973. 3rd ed. by P. Grebe, et al. Franck, J. 1909. Altfränkische Grammatik. Gottsched, Johann Christoph. 1762. Vollständigere und Neuerläuterte Deutsche Sprachkunst, ed. by Herbert Penzl (Ausgewählte Werke, vol. 8, parts 1–3) Berlin/New York, de Gruyter, 1978–1980. Jellinek, Max Hermann. 1913–1914. Geschichte der neuhochdeutschen Grammatik von den Anfängen bis auf Adelung. Kehrein, Joseph. 1854–1856. Grammatik der deutschen Sprache des fünfzehnten bis siebenzehnten Jahrhunderts. 3 parts (reprinted Hildesheim 1968). Leys, Odo. 1966. “Der Eigenname in seinem formalen Verhältnis zum Appellativ”. In: Beiträge zur Namenforschung 1966, pp. 113–123. Müller-Fraureuth, Carl. 1895. Die deutsche Grammatik des Laurentius Albertus. (Ältere deutsche Grammatiken in Neudrucken III) Paul, Hermann, Hugo Moser, and Ingeborg Schröbler. 1969. Mittelhochdeutsche Grammatik. 20th ed. Penzl, Herbert. 1982. Frühneuhochdeutsch. Eine Einführung in die Sprache. (Germanistische Lehrbuchsammlung) Bern, P. Lang, forthcoming. Pfleiderer, W. 1903. “Die Sprache des jungen Schiller in ihrem Verhältnis zur neuhochdeutschen Schriftsprache”. In: Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur 28, pp. 346ff. Popowitsch, J.S.V. 1754. Die nothwendigsten Anfangsgründe der Teutschen Sprachkunst. Vienna. Weidling, Friedrich. 1894. Die deutsche Grammatik des Johannes Clajus. (Ältere deutsche Grammatiken in Neudrucken II) Wilmanns, W. 1909. Deutsche Grammatik. III. 2nd part.
Highlights
Most proper nouns can morphologically and semantically be derived from common nouns
In Old High German (OHG) we find accusative forms of strong masculine names with an adjectival ending: Hartmuotan, Werinbrehtan, Hludowigan, even including foreign nouns like Abrahaman (Tatian 131, 25), Petrusan (Tatian 220, 2)
In Modern German the feminine names have masculine genitive endings: e.g. -s in Hildes, Maries, Gertruds like Ludwigs, Peters, Karls
Summary
Most proper nouns can morphologically and semantically be derived from common nouns. They often show, special developments in lexicon, phonology, morphology, and syntax. Strong feminine names like e.g. Kriemhilt differentiate nominative and oblique forms (Kriemhilde) unlike the common nouns of the same type (MHG gebe all sing.) (cf Paul Moser-Schrobler 1969, § 133). The most influential and successful grammar of German in the 18th century was Johann Christoph Gottsched's Deutsche Sprachkunst (1748,1 1749,21752,31757,417625) translated into French, and into Latin for use in Poland He advocates inflecting foreign names, if morphologically possible, like German ones: Casar, gen. Like Martin Opitz in his Buch von der Deutschen Poeterey (1624) before him, Gottsched is against using Latin endings for Latin or foreign names; he prefers the use of the definite article to mark the cases. He recommends (Gottsched 1762, p. 467f.): nom. gen. date accus. vocative ablative
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