Martensitic Transformation Temperature Research Articles

Influence of thermocycling on the functional properties of the NiTi alloy produced by wire arc additive manufacturing

Abstract The influence of the thermocycling under a stress of 200 and 300 MPa on the martensitic transformation temperatures, recoverable and irreversible strain was study in the NiTi samples produced by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). Two types of samples were used: the T1 sample including the Ti-rich NiTi and Ni-rich NiTi layers in the working length and the T2 sample including only the Ni-rich NiTi layers. It was found that the variation in the martensitic transformation temperatures on thermal cycling depended on the chemical composition of the layer. The transformation temperatures decreased on thermal cycling in the Ti-rich NiTi layer (in T1 sample), whereas they were constant in the Ni-rich NiTi layers (in both T1 and T2 samples). The recoverable strain in both samples did not change during thermal cycling. The irreversible strain was found in T1 sample regardless of stress acting on thermal cycling while T2 sample showed the plastic strain only in the first cycle under 300 MPa. It was shown that the difference in a functional behavior of the T1 and T2 samples on thermocycling was due to that the T1 sample contained the Ti-rich NiTi layer, that was characterized by a low dislocation slip limit contrary to the Ni-rich layers which were hardened by the Ni4Ti3 precipitates.

Microstructural evolution and carbides precipitation behavior and their effects on mechanical property of Nb–Ti microalloyed FB590 steel

Ferrite-bainite dual phase steels have been widely used in automobile manufacturing industry due to their high strength and excellent hole expansion performance. In this study, the effects of coiling temperature on mechanical properties and hole expansion performance of low carbon Nb–Ti micro-alloyed FB590 ferrite-bainite steel have been studied. Additionally, the microstructure evolution and carbide precipitation behavior during hot rolling and coiling processes have been investigated. The influence mechanism of microstructures and carbides on both mechanical properties and hole expansion performance has also been discussed. The results suggest that the fraction of the retained austenite and the martensite decreases gradually with increasing coiling temperatures from 450 °C to 500 °C. The main reason for the formation of martensite and retained austenite in steel CT450 coiled at 450 °C is that the coiling temperature is near the martensitic transformation temperature Ms. Increasing the coiling temperature to 500 °C which is above the Ms leads to ferritic and bainitic structure. The carbides precipitation behavior has been studied by TEM, thermodynamic and kinetics calculation. The results show that the size of the carbides increases with increasing coiling temperatures from 450 °C to 500 °C. Most of the large size carbides above 100 nm with high percent of Ti are the undissolved particles in austenite during slab heating. The medium size particles between 50 nm and 100 nm and enriched in Ti precipitate during rough rolling at higher temperature, while the particles smaller than 50 nm enriched in Nb precipitate during finish rolling and coiling processes. The strength of the steel is effectively increased by the fine carbides and martensite formed at low coiling temperature of 450 °C. With increasing coiling temperature from 450 °C to 500 °C, the steel's strength decreases from 630 MPa to 591 MPa, while the HER are improved from 76.8 % to 119.9 % due to the reduction of martensite and retained austenite. Although the strength is a little reduced due to the coarsening of carbides and reducing of the martensite, the plasticity and hole expansion performance is improved significantly with the coiling temperature of 500 °C.

Reverse ε→γ transformations of temperature-induced and stress-induced martensites in Fe–Mn–Si alloys with shape memory effect

In this work we argue that the reverse martensitic transformation (MT) of the stress-induced martensite (SIM) of Fe–Mn–Si-based alloys for moderate prestrains occurs in essentially thermoelastic-like way, in contrast to non-thermoelastic MT of temperature-induced martensite (TIM). We compare, using a number of complementary experimental techniques, the temperatures and the kinetics of the reverse ε→γ martensitic transformation of SIM and TIM for commercial and model Fe–Mn–Si alloys after various thermomechanical treatments. We claim that two studied phenomena are generic in Fe–Mn–Si-based alloys of different compositions and microstructure: first, opposite to the conventional effect of stabilization of martensite by prestrain, the reverse MT during heating of alloys prestrained in bending and tension starts well below (up to 100 K) the start temperature of the reverse MT for the TIM of the same alloy. The difference between engineering temperatures of the start of the reverse transformation, As, for SIM and TIM reaches ca. 50 K, pointing to a need to consider different As for TIM and SIM, AsTIM and AsSIM. Second, the reverse transformations of TIM and SIM show very different kinetics. The reverse MT of SIM is diffuse over the temperature range exceeding 100 K. The reverse MT of TIM, on the contrary, is well localized within the temperature range of ca. 20 K. The experimental observations can be interpreted assuming that, due to the differences in the formation mechanisms of SIM and TIM, the latter shows non-thermoelastic behaviour, whereas the SIM shows similarities with the thermoelastic martensites stabilized by prestrain.

A data-driven approach to model the martensitic transformation temperature in strain-induced metastable austenitic steels

Strain-induced metastable austenitic stainless steels form an important class of materials in metallurgical industries for their wide range of applications. These steels undergo austenite-martensite phase transformation at temperatures above martensite start temperature, Ms, at which martensite is formed on mechanical deformation, also known as the Md temperature. Md temperature depends on several factors related to the steel and is important from alloy design perspective. In the literature, there are quite a few equations based on composition of the steels for the prediction of Md temperature. However, it is well known that the transformation from austenite to martensite is dependent on the austenite grain size as well as deformation conditions i.e. strain, strain rate and temperature of deformation. In the present work, the role of those parameters has also been considered. The model is implemented using fourteen input parameters viz., composition, grain size, amount of strain, temperature of deformation, and strain rate. The architecture of the neural network model is optimized rigorously to predict the Md temperature on a par with actual value. It has been shown that grain size and strain rate have very negligible influence whereas strain and temperature of deformation have quite strong role. Md temperature is increased with increasing strain whereas the temperature of deformation shows opposite dependence on it. An empirical equation thus, has been established to calculate the Md temperature of a steel as a function of its composition, grain size, temperature of deformation and strain. The final optimized model is then deployed to predict the Md temperature of different steels and predictions are found to be in close agreement to the experimentally measured Md temperatures. The developed model is general and can be extended to include other parameters as well as various other steel alloys.

Effect of high temperature thermohydrogen treatment on the microstructure, martensitic transformation, and mechanical and corrosion behaviors of Ti-V-Al lightweight shape memory alloy

In the present study, hydrogenation treatment was adopted to tailor the phase constituents of the Ti-V-Al shape memory alloy, further optimizing its performances. It can be found that hydrogenation treatment induced the transition from the α″ martensite phase to the β parent phase. Moreover, large amounts of hydride precipitates can be observed in the hydrogenation treated Ti-V-Al shape memory alloy with longer time of 5h. Meanwhile, the grain size of the Ti-V-Al shape memory alloy was reduced as a result of hydrogenation treatment. The interstitial atom H serving as a β-stabilizing element led to the reduction of martensitic transformation temperature. In proportion, hydrogenation treatment caused the enhancement of yield strength and decrease of elastic modulus, which promoted its application in biomedical fields. Besides, by optimizing the time of hydrogenation treatment, the hydrogenation treated Ti-V-Al shape memory alloy with 1 h possessed the superior corrosion resistance.

High-temperature near-equiatomic TiNi strain glass

Strain glasses (STGs) exhibit many unique properties not available in their counterparts of martensites and have found applications in cutting-edge space technology. However, the strain glass transition temperature Tg is commonly too low to enrich applications, especially in prototypical TiNi-based shape-memory alloys (SMAs). Here we report a surprising finding of strain glass in Ti50.1Ni49.9 alloys with high Tg ∼290 K, which is the highest among existing TiNi STGs. It was achieved via a simple method of slight annealing at 573 K for 15 s on cold-rolled high Ms (martensitic transformation temperature) Ti50.1Ni49.9 SMAs. As a result, this near-equiatomic TiNi strain glass caused by cold-rolling-induced dislocations can inherit the high-Ms of Ti50.1Ni49.9 SMA and possess high Tg, manifested by a weak transition temperature decrease with cold-rolling reduction rate in the phase diagram.

Effect of Fe Composition and Heat Treatment Temperature on the Transformation Temperature of R-Phase of Ti-Ni-Fe Alloy

R-phase transformations in TiNi shape memory alloys (Nitinol) have various applications because of their small thermal hysteresis and low fatigue resistance. Adding a third element such as Fe or Al is one of the useful ways to induce R-phase transformation. Controlling the R-phase transformation temperature is crucial for industrial and bio-field applications. However, the effects of adding Fe have rarely been reported. In this study, the effects of Fe addition and heat treatment temperature on the R-phase transformation temperature of TiNiFe shape memory alloys were systematically investigated. Results showed that increasing Fe composition decreases the R-phase and martensitic transformation temperatures of 19K/1at%Fe and 51 K/1at%Fe, respectively. Additionally, in the Ti–49Ni–1Fe alloy, rather than a martensite transformation, the R phase transformation temperature was constant irrespective of heat treatment temperature and increasing number of thermal cycles. This means that the R-phase transformation temperature is not affected by dislocation density resulting from the heat cycling or cold working processes. This allows practical applications of R-phase transformation to be easily realized. Furthermore, this means that the R-phase transformation temperature is only affected by the Ni content of the matrix.

Effect of solution treatment on the microstructure, phase transformation behavior and functional properties of NiTiNb ternary shape memory alloys fabricated via laser powder bed fusion in-situ alloying

Post-heat treatment is commonly employed to improve the microstructural homogeneity and enhance the mechanical performances of the additively manufactured metallic materials. In this work, a ternary (NiTi)91Nb9 (at.%) shape memory alloy was produced by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) using pre-alloyed NiTi and elemental Nb powders. The effect of solution treatment on the microstructure, phase transformation behavior and mechanical/functional performances was investigated. The in-situ alloyed (NiTi)91Nb9 alloy exhibits a submicron cellular-dendritic structure surrounding the supersaturated B2-NiTi matrix. Upon high-temperature (1273 K) solution treatment, Nb-rich precipitates were precipitated from the supersaturated matrix. The fragmentation and spheroidization of the NiTi/Nb eutectics occurred during solution treatment, leading to a morphological transition from mesh-like into rod-like and sphere-like. Coarsening of the β-Nb phases occurred with increasing holding time. The martensite transformation temperature increases after solution treatment, mainly attributed to: (i) reduced lattice distortion due to the Nb expulsion from the supersaturated B2-NiTi, and (ii) the Ti expulsion from the β-Nb phases that lowers the ratio Ni/Ti in the B2-NiTi matrix, which resulted from the microstructure changes from non-equilibrium to equilibrium state. The thermal hysteresis of the solutionized alloys is around 145 K after 20% pre-deformation, which is comparable to the conventional NiTiNb alloys. A short-term solution treatment (i.e. at 1 273 K for 30 min) enhances the ductility and strength of the as-printed specimen, with the increase of fracture stress from (613 ± 19) MPa to (781 ± 20) MPa and the increase of fracture strain from (7.6 ± 0.1)% to (9.5 ± 0.4)%. Both the as-printed and solutionized samples exhibit good tensile shape memory effects with recovery rates >90%. This work suggests that post-process heat treatment is essential to optimize the microstructure and improve the mechanical performances of the L-PBF in-situ alloyed parts.

Realization of magnetic-field-induced martensitic transformation in melt-spun Fe-Mn-Ga alloys

This study investigates the crystal structural, magnetic properties, and phase transformation of melt-spun Fe-Mn-Ga alloys. We found that melt-spun Fe50Mn25Ga25 alloy crystallizes into a γ phase, which exhibits ferromagnetism at room temperature, and undergoes a magnetic transition at 257 K. On the other hand, melt-spun Fe49Mn24Ga27, Fe43Mn28Ga29 and Fe44Mn28Ga28 alloys exhibit a single body-centered cubic phase, with the latter two alloys undergo martensitic transformation during cooling. Additionally, a magnetic-field-induced martensitic transformation was observed within the temperature range of 180 to 160 K. Notably, the martensitic transformation temperatures of these two melt-spun Fe-Mn-Ga alloys are significantly lower compared to other fabrication methods, potentially attributed to the atomic disorder, microstructure and internal stresses that arise during the melt-spun fabrication process. These findings expand the available preparation methods for Fe-Mn-Ga alloys and offer new possibilities for future applications.

Synergistic effect of TiN ceramic particle and grain refinement in enhancing the higher performance Ti–V–Al based shape memory alloy

In the present study, in-situ TiN ceramic particles were introduced into Ti–V–Al based shape memory alloys to optimize mechanical properties and friction resistance. The results revealed that increasing the TiN content resulted in the transition from α" to β phase, and led to a reduction in the martensitic transformation temperature. Additionally, the TiN ceramic particles were found to significantly reduced the grain size of the Ti–V–Al based shape memory alloys. Compared to other Ti–V–Al-X shape memory alloys, the introduction of TiN ceramic particles enhanced the mechanical and wear properties of the Ti–V–Al shape memory alloy. These improvements can be attributed to a combination of solid solution strengthening, grain refinement and precipitation strengthening. Notably, the (Ti–V–Al)100-xNx shape memory alloy exhibited a maximum yield strength of 568 MPa and a fracture strength of 788 MPa. Furthermore, the micro-hardness of the Ti–V–Al based shape memory alloy increased monotonously from 355HV to 393HV, while the wear coefficient steadily decreased from 0.53 to 0.48. In conclusion, by adjusting content of TiN ceramic particles, it is possible to obtain a lightweight Ti–V–Al shape memory alloy with tailored martensitic transformation temperatures, enhanced strength and hardness, as well as excellent friction properties.

Grey-Taguchi analysis and experimental assessment of 1 GPa HSLA steel treated by quenching and tempering

The effect of quenching and tempering (QT) process on the mechanical properties of the experimental high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel was analyzed by Grey-Taguchi method, thus achieving the optimum combination of parameters based on the appropriate nine sets of experiments on an orthogonal array. The grey relational analysis (GRA) reveals that the quenching temperature T1 has the greatest effect on each response variable, followed by the tempering temperature T2, while the quenching time t1 and tempering time t2 have similar and the least effect. Experimental assessment of microstructure evolution was performed by multi-scale characterizations and in-situ investigation combined with modeling, focusing on martensite transfomation kinetics that controlled by the quenching process. Results indicate that the prior austenite grain (PAG) size and the substructure of martensite are significantly refined, as the quenching temperature decreased from 950 to 850 °C. The PAG refinement leads to an increase in driving force for martensite transformation initiation, thus shifting the martensite transformation temperature to lower levels for a higher degree of undercooling, consistent with the experimental and modeling results. The refined microstructure obtained at low quenching temperature contributes to strength improvement, and the various carbides precipitated during tempering process offset the tempering softening of the steels. In general, the value increase of process parameters (T1, T2, t1 and t2) leads to a decrease of strength property, but an increase of ductility and toughness. Based on the theoretical and experimental basis, a 1 GPa grade HSLA steel with improved comprehensive mechanical properties can be produced.

Magnetostructural Transformation and Magnetocaloric Properties of (Ni37.5Co12.5Mn35Ti15)100−xBx (x = 0.0 and 0.4) Melt-Spun Ribbons

The effect of B-doping on the martensitic transformation (MT), microstructure, room temperature (RT) crystal structure, and magnetocaloric properties of a typical all-d-metal Ni37.5Co12.5Mn35Ti15 quaternary alloy was studied by synthesizing melt-spun ribbon samples of nominal composition (Ni37.5Co12.5Mn35Ti15)100−xBx with x = 0.0 and 0.4. For B-free samples, SEM images show a grain-oriented microstructure formed by the columnar in shape-elongated grains with their major axis oriented along the thermal gradient during solidification. By contrast, the B-doped samples show smaller grains whose orientation tends to be perpendicular to the contact surface with the copper wheel. For all samples, austenite (AST) and martensite (MST) phases exhibited a cubic B2-type and 5M monoclinic crystal structure, respectively. The martensitic transition temperature (TM) and the Curie temperature of the austenite phase (TCA) were reduced from 295 K to 253 K and 333 K to 276 K, respectively, with the addition of B. The effect of thermal annealing for different times (from 30 min to 4 h) at 1073 K was studied. Thermal annealing increases the martensitic transformation temperature, whereas TCA remains unchanged. The maximum magnetic field-induced entropy changes |ΔST|max for B-doped samples were around 4.5 J kg−1 K−1 and 4.7 J kg−1 K−1 for as-solidified and annealed samples (1073 K–4 h), respectively, compared to that found for the undoped samples (i.e., ΔST = 16 J kg−1 K−1). However, the entropy reduction is accompanied by an increase in the full width at half-maximum of the ΔST(T) curve.

Transformation behavior and inverse magnetocaloric effect in Ni45Co5Mn36.7In13.3-xGex melt-spun ribbons

In the present work the influence of Ge doping on crystal structure, microstructure, martensitic transformation (MT) and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of Heusler-type Ni45Co5Mn36.7In13.3-xGex (x = 0, 2, and 3 at. %) metamagnetic shape memory alloys (MetaMSMAs) have been studied. Melt-spinning was used to prepare ribbons of these alloys since the ribbon shape ensures a high surface-to-volume ratio favoring a high heat exchange rate in a solid-state refrigeration. Furthermore, melt-spinning can induce a specific microstructure and stabilize metastable phases at room temperature. The ribbons were examined by X-ray diffraction at different temperatures, scanning electron microscopy, calorimetry, thermomagnetization, and magnetic field induced adiabatic temperature change measurements carried out across MT. It was found that Ge doping gave rise to enhanced antiferromagnetic interactions, stabilized martensitic phase, increased the MT temperature, causing larger magnetization jumps at MT and making narrower MT hysteresis. The x = 3 ribbon exhibited an inverse MCE at 303 K characterized by the isothermal magnetic entropy change value of |26.9|J/kgK at μ0H = 5 T and an adiabatic temperature change of ǀ1.5ǀ K at μ0H = 1.96 T. These values are comparable with the previously reported data on the Ni–Mn-based metamagnetic shape memory alloys in a bulk form.

Phase field study on phase stability at high temperatures in nanograined Fe–Ni alloy prepared by plastic deformation

The phase stability at high temperatures in nanograined Fe–Ni alloy prepared by surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) and ball milling (BM) modes are drastically different. For example, the onset temperature (As) of reverse martensitic transformation (RMT) of nanocrystal prepared by SMAT is higher than that of coarse crystal, while BM exhibits the opposite result. The elastoplastic phase field model for RMT was first proposed to investigate the correlation between RMT and its forward martensitic transformation (FMT), in turn, the above experimental phenomena were revealed in this paper. The prepared nanocrystals with the same diameter (15 nm) by SMAT and BM mode were taken as representative examples. The simulation results indicated that the strain energy is relaxed by the applied strain during FMT in nanocrystalline prepared by smaller plastic deformation mode (e.g. SMAT), but it is enhanced by larger plastic deformation mode (e.g. BM). The stored strain energy in BM mode is much larger than that in SMAT mode, and hence the driving force provided for subsequent RMT is also larger in BM mode. Therefore, the phase stability of the martensitic nanocrystals prepared by BM mode at high temperatures is much lower than the counterpart by SMAT mode, which agrees well with the experimental measurements.

The effect of heat treatment on microstructure and martensitic transformation temperatures in Ni44Fe19Ga27Co10 single crystals

Abstract The microstructure and temperature of martensitic transformation of Ni44Fe19Ga27Co10 single crystals after aging at temperatures from 623 K to 1173 K were studied by electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The temperature ranges of the second phase precipitation, their lattice structure and volume fraction, and also the modification of the nanodomain structure of the L21+B2 high-temperature phase were determined in dependence on aging temperature. The influence of microstructure parameters on the martensitic transformation temperatures, transformation intervals and thermal hysteresis has been discussed.

Tuning martensitic transformation and magnetocaloric effect with Bi substitution in MnCo1-xBixGe alloys

In this work, the substitution of Bi for Co atoms in MnCo1-xBixGe (x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1) alloys was prepared. The crystal structure, magnetic properties, and magnetocaloric effect have been analyzed. By tuning the Bi-content in MnCoGe alloys, the reduction of martensitic transformation (MT) temperature and the presence of a first-order magnetostructural transition (MST) were observed. Magnetic field-induced MT indicates that the magnetic field is much harder to drive MT compared to the temperature. With the Bi-content for 0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.06, orthorhombic-type phase and hexagonal-type phase coexist. Furthermore, we observed an increase in the fraction of the hexagonal-type phase and a corresponding decrease in the fraction of the orthorhombic-type phase. It is beneficial to the refrigeration capacity for the isothermal magnetization curves M(H) on magnetization and demagnetization procedures with small magnetic hysteresis loss. With a magnetic field of 5 T, magnetocaloric effect (MCE) can be observed involving magnetic entropy change (-ΔSM) of 26.42 J kg−1 K−1 for x = 0.06 and refrigeration capacity (RC) of 259.78 J kg−1 for x = 0.01. Thus, this material is considered a fabulous candidate for magnetic refrigeration cooling applications at room temperature.

Heat Treatment Effect on Thermal, Micro-Crystal Structure and Magnetic Behavior of Ni45Mn40Sn10Cu5 Heusler Shape Memory Alloy

Ni-Mn-Sn-based Heusler alloys are important materials that have potential applications as environmentally friendly smart materials with beneficial properties as well as being magnetic. Both the magnetic field-induced reverse martensitic transformation and the high operating temperature are crucial for the applications of Ni-Mn-Sn-based magnetic shape memory alloys. In this study, martensite transformation temperatures were determined by applying different heat treatments (700 °C, 900 °C, 1100 °C) to Ni45Mn40Sn10Cu5 sample produced by Arc Melter melting method. While reverse conversion was observed in T2 (no heat treatment) and 700°C heat treatment, no reverse conversion was observed at 900°C and 1100°C. When the X-ray diffractogram was examined, martensite phase and γ phase were determined. When the magnetic hysteresis of the samples was examined, it was observed that the magnetic saturation went towards zero with the increase in heat treatment and accordingly, there was a decrease in the magnetization effect.

Stability of the B2 ↔ B19′ martensitic transformation on thermal cycling of Ti-Hf-Ni-Cu thin ribbons

The B2 ↔ B19′ martensitic transformation was studied on thermal cycling of the Ti40.7Hf9.5Ni49.8-xCux (x = 5, 10 at.%) thin ribbons. The temperatures, as well as the enthalpy of the transformation, were found to be stable on thermal cycling. The stability of the B2 ↔ B19′ transformation was attributed to the formation of a specific grain structure during the crystallization of the initially amorphous ribbons. The grains were characterized by an average size of 800 nm, which increased the yield limit for dislocation slip to 700 MPa. Moreover, one martensite corresponding variant pair (CVP) formed on cooling inside each grain. It was assumed that the formation of one CVP martensite plate within the grain on cooling, as well as a high yield limit for dislocation slip, might have been responsible for the stability of the martensitic transformation temperatures and enthalpy on thermal cycling.

EFFECT OF STEEL’S THERMAL CONDITION ON THE TRANSFORMATION TEMPERATURES OF TWO HOT-WORK TOOL STEELS WITH INCREASED THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

The aim of our study was to investigate how different thermal conditions affect the transformation temperatures of two hot-work steels with high thermal conductivity. We focused on two conditions: soft annealing, and quenching and tempering. Soft annealing results in a ferritic steel matrix with spherical carbides, while quenching and tempering result in a fully hardened and tempered martensitic matrix with secondary and tempering carbides. We analysed samples using a simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to determine the transformation temperatures. Controlled heating and cooling allowed us to observe the energy changes associated with the phase transformations. The equilibrium temperatures were calculated using the CALPHAD method. Our study investigated the influence of thermal conditions on different transformation temperatures, including solidus/liquidus temperatures, austenite solid transformation temperatures (A1 and A3), austenite solidification temperatures and bainite and/or martensite transformation temperatures. A DSC analysis was used to quantitatively measure the transformation temperatures and energy absorption during the endothermic processes (austenite solid transformation and melting) and to study the energy release during the exothermic processes (solidification and transformation). The results showed that soft annealing reduced the solidification interval and the solidus temperature, while energy absorption increased during melting. Conversely, quenching and tempering reduced the austenite solid transformation temperatures and energy release during solidification, including δ-ferrite solidification.

Effect of Al doping on the kinetics of reverse martensitic transformation in Ni-Mn-In Heusler alloys

In this work, the effects of Al on the microstructure and kinetics of reverse martensitic transformation in Ni50Mn34In16-xAlx (x = 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 (% at)) Heusler alloy was studied. The structural and phase transformation behavior of the samples was evaluated by XRD, FE-SEM, and DSC techniques. In order to evaluate the transformation kinetics parameters in the non-isothermal state upon the heating rates of 5, 10, and 15 K/min, the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) and isoconversional methods were utilized. The results indicated that the reverse martensitic transformation temperatures and activation energy shifted to higher values due to doping the Al content up to 1 at.%. Conversely, the substitution of In by 1.5 at.% Al leads to a decrease in the transformation temperatures and activation energy. Furthermore, due to the lack of dependence on the activation energy and Avrami exponent on the degree of transformation, the reverse martensitic transformation is single-stage for all samples.