Marriage Status Research Articles

Analysis of survival and prognostic factors in appendix adenocarcinoma and mucinous carcinoma.

This study aimed to compare mucinous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the appendix in terms of survival and investigate the risk factors influencing survival. The data for this study were retrieved from the SEER database (SEER Research Plus 17 registries). Patients diagnosed with appendix cancer between 2004 and 2019 were included. Demographic data, such as age, gender, marital status, and year of diagnosis, along with oncological variables like stage, surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and survival time, were extracted from the SEER database. Pathological subtypes were classified as adenocarcinoma (AC) and mucinous adenocarcinoma (MAC) based on the College of American Pathologists guidelines. Patients with other pathological subtypes or missing data were excluded from the study. This study included 4524 patients, with 2118 (46.8%) classified as AC and 2406 (53.2%) as MAC. There was no significant difference in mean age between AC and MAC groups (63.22 ± 14.30 vs. 59.46 ± 14.07, p = 0.483). AC was more common in males, while MAC was more prevalent in females (46.8% vs. 53.2%; 55.6% vs. 44.4%, p < 0.001, respectively). Married status was high in both groups (p = 0.001). While no difference was found in white race distribution, the black race was more prevalent in the AC group (57.1% vs. 42.9%, p < 0.001). Grade 1 tumors were more frequent in the AC group, whereas Grades 2 and 3 were more common in the MAC group (p < 0.001). Stages 1, 2, and 3 were more prevalent in the AC group, while the majority of MAC cases were at Stage 4. Surgery rates were higher in the AC group (98.6% vs. 96.4%, p < 0.001). Chemotherapy was used more frequently in the MAC group (50.9% vs. 40.6%, p < 0.001), while radiotherapy rates were similar in both groups (p = 0.498). The mean follow-up period was 55.70 ± 47.2months. Five- and ten-year survival rates for the MAC group were 64.4% and 50.2%, respectively, higher than the AC group's rates of 54.2% and 39.7% (p < 0.001). The overall risk of mortality was 1.4 times higher in the AC group compared to the MAC group (p < 0.001, HR: 1.377 [CI 95% 1.259-1.507]). While adenocarcinomas and mucinous adenocarcinomas have similar incidences, non-metastatic adenocarcinomas were more frequently observed. In contrast, mucinous adenocarcinomas often exhibited distant metastases. Nevertheless, the survival rate was higher in mucinous adenocarcinomas.

PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION AMONG ONCOLOGY PATIENTS

Background and aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening for patients with newly diagnosed solid cancer is not standard practice in oncology, and authorities disagree on whether complete screening should be carried out. Additionally, research on the risk factors for HBV infection in this patient population may differ from that in the general population. Therefore, estimating the prevalence of HBV and risk factors for HBV infection in individuals with recently diagnosed solid cancer was the study's goal. Subjects and methods: Newly diagnosed cancer patients at the oncology center of Al-Jumhori Hospital in Sana'a, are included in this cross-sectional study. A regular questionnaire created specifically for this study was used to gather data, which included demographic information, risk factors, cancer type, and test findings. Using an ELISA assays for HB surface antigen and HB Core IgG anti-antibodies were conducted. Results: The study analyzed 300 cancer patients with HBV testing, with a mean age of 42.9 years and a sex distribution of 37.6% men and 62.4% women. The crude HBV prevalence was 5%, with females having a higher prevalence. The study found no significant association between age, rural residency, married status, blood transfusion frequency, or blood sources with HBV risk. No association was found between under treatment chemotherapy and HBV infection. Conclusions: This study examines the frequency of HBV infections in patients with solid tumors for the first time in Yemen. Our study found that the nationwide prevalence of HBV was higher in cancer patients than in the broad population. Peer Review History: Received 15 October 2024; Reviewed 7 November; Accepted 21 December; Available online 15 January 2025 Academic Editor: Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, amaka_mgbahurike@yahoo.com Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10

The influencing factors of cognitive impairment in elderly individuals in Chengdu city: a cross-sectional study based on AD8

BackgroundWith the aging of society, cognitive impairment in elderly people is becoming increasingly common and has caused major public health problems. The screening of cognitive impairment in elderly people and its related influencing factors can aid in the development of relevant intervention and improvement strategies.MethodsIn this study, stratified random cluster sampling was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey of elderly individuals aged 65 years in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, through an electronic questionnaire from November 2022 to November 2023. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to investigate cognitive impairment and its relevant influencing factors.ResultsAmong the 16,609 elderly people, 7524 (45.3%) were males and 9085 (54.7%) were females, with an average age of 73.6 ± 6.5 years (age range 65–101 years). The average years of education was 5.9 ± 6.2 years, and the proportion of individuals with cognitive impairment was 13.1%. With increasing age, the risk of cognitive impairment increased significantly. The risk factors for cognitive impairment in elderly individuals included advanced age, hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms, while the protective factors included higher education level, married status, and greater life satisfaction.ConclusionCognitive impairment in elderly individuals in Chengdu is serious. We can intervene in and improve cognitive impairment in elderly people by controlling blood pressure and blood sugar, treating depressive and anxiety symptoms and developing community colleges for elderly people and increasing satisfaction with life.

Men's gender role and attitude toward sexual autonomy of women in India.

Sexual autonomy is essential to women's empowerment and crucial to human rights. Measurement of women's sexual autonomy from men's perspective is rare in India, though critical for achieving the sexual and reproductive rights of women who continue to exhibit poor sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes. The study assesses Indian men's attitudes toward women's sexual autonomy and associated factors using a nationally representative sample of men. This study involved a total sample of 101,839 men aged 15-54 covered in the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (2019-21). Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and binary logistic regression were used to determine predictors of men's favorable attitudes toward the sexual autonomy of women. All the statistical analyses were performed using Stata with a 5% significance level. Sixty-three percent of men hold a favorable attitude toward women's sexual autonomy. Men's support for women's sexual autonomy was positively correlated with their egalitarian views on household decision-making (AOR: 1.45; CI: 1.41-1.49), higher educational attainment (AOR: 1.34; CI:1.20-1.50), currently married status, media exposure (AOR: 1.17; CI: 1.12-1.21), currently working status, and wealthier household strata (AOR: 1.17; CI: 1.11-1.23). Results suggest promoting gender egalitarian norms through educational campaigns, community workshops held by local leaders, grassroots healthcare professionals, and non-governmental organizations, and broadening existing SRH strategies by including younger, non-literates, unmarried, unemployed, and rural men.

Education Role in Stunting Under Two Years among Poor Communities in Indonesia

Background: Indonesia still has a stunting problem, even though the stunting rate has decreased. The study analyses the association of the maternal education level with the incidence of stunted children under the age of two in poor communities in Indonesia.Method: The cross-sectional data from the Indonesian National Nutritional Status Survey 2021 examined 24,920 children under two years old. The relationship between the variables was tested using binary logistic regression.Result: The odds of having stunted children below the age of two are 1.705 times greater for women with no education than women with higher levels of education (AOR 1.705; 95% CI 1.667-1.744). Primary-educated mothers were 1.178 times increased risk of having stunted children under age two compared to higher-educated mothers (AOR 1.178; 95% CI 1.157-1.199). The study analysis found no significant difference between secondary and higher education to have stunted children. In addition to education level, the study also identified six other important control variables associated with stunting in children under the age of two: residence location, age of mother, married status, child's age, child's gender, and EIBF. According to the study's findings, stunting in children under the age of two is related to maternal educational levels among Indonesia's poor communities. An increased incidence of stunting in children under the age of two is associated with lower levels of maternal education.

Passing on the Wedding Cloth: Consolidating Alliance Relations through Funeral Ceremonies among the Simalungun of North Sumatra

This paper examines the funeral rituals that consolidate alliance relations among the Simalungun of North Sumatra in Indonesia. These rituals can only occur at the funeral of a woman of whom two generations of descendants are still living. At the funeral for such a woman, her maternal function within the alliance of clans is tranferred to the oldest in-marrying woman in the clan (marga) into which she married, while her mediating role within the alliance is conferred on her eldest grandson. In this process, the next two generations are acknowledged and the marriage alliance is extended from the original three clans to five clans. These rituals are symbolically marked by the bestowal of hiou parpudi, a cloth initially given to the woman on her departure to her husband’s house when she married. These rituals at a grandmother’s funeral consolidate and extend kinship ties and bind the loyalty of all relatives through the vows pronounced over the deceased.

Interaction of obesity and dyslipidemia on the risk of hypertension

Objective: To understand the interaction effect of general obesity, central obesity, and dyslipidemia on the risk of hypertension to provide scientific evidence for the early prevention and control of hypertension. Methods: From 2019 to 2023, 10 of the 16 districts in Tianjin were selected as project sites. A community and a natural village were selected as monitoring sites in each project site using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method. A questionnaire, physical, and biochemical examination were conducted on permanent residents aged 35-75 who had lived in the surveillance sites for more than half a year. The chi-square test univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. The multiplicative and additive models were used to calculate the interaction between general obesity and dyslipidemia, as well as central obesity and dyslipidemia, respectively. Results: A total of 177 160 subjects were included in the study, with an age of (56.44±8.62) years old. There were 29 535 (16.67%) patients with general obesity, 67 338 (38.01%) patients with central obesity, 64 906 (36.64%) patients with dyslipidemia, and 90 266 (50.95%) patients with hypertension. Multiplication interaction analysis results showed that, after adjusting for gender, age, culture level, marriage status, drinking, smoking, and diabetes, the multiplicative interactions between general obesity and dyslipidemia, and central obesity and dyslipidemia on hypertension were statistically significant (all P<0.001), and the adjusted OR and 95%CI were 2.57 (2.47-2.68) and 2.14 (2.08-2.20), respectively. The results of the additive interaction analysis demonstrated that after adjusting for relevant variables, the relative excess risk of interaction (RERI), the attributable proportion of interaction (API), and the synergy index (SI) of the interaction between generalized obesity and dyslipidemia were 0.48 (95%CI: 0.33-0.63), 0.15 (95%CI: 0.11-0.19), and 1.27 (95%CI: 1.18-1.36), respectively; the RERI, API, and SI of the interaction between central obesity and dyslipidemia were 0.37 (95%CI: 0.28-0.46), 0.13 (95%CI: 0.10-0.16), and 1.25 (95%CI: 1.18-1.32), respectively. Conclusions: There might be multiplicative and additive interactions between general obesity, central obesity, and dyslipidemia on the risk of hypertension. Simultaneous control of BMI, waist circumference, and blood lipid levels may effectively reduce the risk of hypertension.

Predictors of ICU Surrogates' States of Concurrent Prolonged Grief, Posttraumatic Stress, and Depression Symptoms.

Scarce research explores factors of concurrent psychologic distress (prolonged grief disorder [PGD], posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], and depression). This study models surrogates' longitudinal, heterogenous grief-related reactions and multidimensional risk factors drawing from the integrative framework of predictors for bereavement outcomes (intrapersonal, interpersonal, bereavement-related, and death-circumstance factors), emphasizing clinical modifiability. Prospective cohort study. Medical ICUs of two Taiwanese medical centers. Two hundred eighty-eight family surrogates. None. Factors associated with four previously identified PGD-PTSD-depressive-symptom states (resilient, subthreshold depression-dominant, PGD-dominant, and PGD-PTSD-depression concurrent) were examined by multinomial logistic regression modeling (resilient state as reference). Intrapersonal: Prior use of mood medications correlated with the subthreshold depression-dominant state. Financial hardship and emergency department visits correlated with the PGD-PTSD-depression concurrent state. Higher anxiety symptoms correlated with the three more profound psychologic-distress states (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI] = 1.781 [1.562-2.031] to 2.768 [2.288-3.347]). Interpersonal: Better perceived social support was associated with the subthreshold depression-dominant state. Bereavement-related: Spousal loss correlated with the PGD-dominant state. Death circumstances: Provision of palliative care (8.750 [1.603-47.768]) was associated with the PGD-PTSD-depression concurrent state. Surrogate-perceived quality of patient dying and death as poor-to-uncertain (4.063 [1.531-10.784]) correlated with the subthreshold depression-dominant state, poor-to-uncertain (12.833 [1.231-133.775]), and worst (12.820 [1.806-91.013]) correlated with the PGD-PTSD-depression concurrent state. Modifiable social-worker involvement (0.004 [0.001-0.097]) and a do-not-resuscitate order issued before death (0.177 [0.032-0.978]) were negatively associated with the PGD-PTSD-depression concurrent and the subthreshold depression-dominant state, respectively. Apparent unmodifiable buffering factors included surrogates' higher educational attainment, married status, and longer time since loss. Surrogates' concurrent bereavement distress was positively associated with clinically modifiable factors: poor quality dying and death, higher surrogate anxiety, and palliative care-commonly provided late in the terminal-illness trajectory worldwide. Social-worker involvement and a do-not-resuscitate order appeared to mitigate risk.

Prospective Survey of Discrimination in Pregnant Persons and Correlation with Unplanned Healthcare Utilization.

To determine the association between lifetime exposure to discrimination and unplanned healthcare utilization in pregnant persons. This was a prospective cohort study of pregnant persons receiving care from 2021 to 2022. Primary data was collected from participants on sociodemographic factors and on Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire (PED-Q), a validated 17-item scale measuring perceived lifetime interpersonal racial and ethnic discrimination in four domains: work/school, social exclusion, stigmatization, and threat. The primary outcome was unplanned healthcare utilization, defined as unplanned labor and delivery admissions, triage, Emergency Department, or urgent care visits. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done to examine the association between lifetime exposure to discrimination and unplanned healthcare utilization. A total of 289 completed the PED-Q and were included in the analysis. Of these, 123 (42.6%) had unplanned healthcare utilization. Mean (SD) of lifetime racial and ethnic discrimination was significantly higher in people with unplanned healthcare utilization compared to those with planned healthcare utilization [1.67 (0.63) vs 1.48 (0.45), p = 0.003]. Univariate analysis showed that lifetime racial and ethnic discrimination was significantly associated with unplanned healthcare utilization (OR1.96, 95% CI 0.23-3.11). Significant associations were found between unplanned healthcare utilization and maternal age (p = 0.04), insurance type (p = 0.01), married status (p < 0.001), education (p = 0.013), household income (p = 0.001), and chronic hypertension (p = 0.004). After controlling for potential confounding factors, self-reported lifetime racial and ethnic discrimination remained significantly associated with higher odds of unplanned healthcare utilization (aOR 1.78, CI 95% 1.01-3.11). We found that a higher level of self-reported lifetime racial and ethnic discrimination was associated with increased unplanned healthcare utilization during pregnancy.

Prevalence and factors in diabetic retinopathy in obese females presenting at lady reading hospitals

background: The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its related variables in patients with diabetes treated at Lady Reading Hospital in Peshawar between July 1, 2023, and June 30, 2024. Method: Patients in this descriptive cross-sectional study, who were diabetes patients between the ages of 30 and 60, were treated at Lady Reading Hospital in Peshawar. Patients with a diagnosis of either Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes mellitus, complete medical records, and the ability to give informed permission were the requirements for inclusion. Patients with insufficient medical data, individuals who were pregnant, patients with additional retinal illnesses, and patients who refused to give consent were all excluded. With an emphasis on demographics, comorbidities, lifestyle factors, and clinical data, data was gathered through structured interviews, physical examinations, and inspections of medical records. Examinations of the eyes verified the existence of DR. Using chi-square tests, logistic regression analysis, and descriptive statistics, SPSS software version 24.0 was used to analyze the data with sample size 121 patients. Result: Patients with DR had a lower prevalence of cardiovascular illnesses (6%) compared to those without (51%), with a p-value of 0.000. Significant correlations were found between DR and high blood pressure (36.7% vs. 5.7%, p=0.000) and inflammation (42.4% vs. 7.9%, p=0.000). A strong correlation was seen between DR and higher parity (&gt;2 children) (50% vs. 16.9%, p=0.000). Significant variables included being older (46–60 years, 52.9% vs. 30-45 years, 17.2%, p=0.000), married (55.5% vs. single, 0%, p=0.000), and a housewife (31.1% vs. employed, 5.6%, p=0.025). There was no significant correlation found between smoking status and p=0.283. Conclusion: Inflammation, higher parity, age, married status, and homemaker status were all found to be significant risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in the study. In order to reduce the risk of DR, these findings emphasize the necessity of focused screening and management programs for at-risk populations. Reducing the prevalence of diabetes-related disorders (DR) in patients may need careful blood pressure control as well as managing inflammation.

The relationship between family support, subjective well-being, and dietary adherence in diabetes mellitus patients

Objective: The research aims to explain the correlation between family support and subjective well-being with dietary adherence in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Methods: This research used a cross-sectional design. This research applied proportional simple random sampling with 110 respondents in Krembung Health Center. Data was collected using the Hensarling Diabetes Family Support Scale (HDFSS), subjective well-being questionnaires, and Self-Management Dietary Behaviors Questionnaire (SMDBQ). Data analysis used Spearman’s rho relation test with a significance level of α ≤ 0.05. Results: This research involved 79 female respondents with an age range of 46-55 years (98 persons), married status of 89 persons, and had suffered from DM for 1-2 years of 63 people.

Financial Toxicity Among Patients With Traumatic Finger Amputation: A Retrospective Study.

Patients face increasing financial toxicity (FT), defined as emotional distress due to the cost of medical treatment. However, little is known regarding FT in the context of upper extremity trauma. We surveyed patients who sustained traumatic finger amputation (October 21, 2011-January 1, 2021). We collected patient-reported financial distress using the Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST-11), where a lower score indicates worse FT. We also collected data of patients' perceptions regarding the costs of their treatment. We used linear regression to assess patient-level characteristics associated with FT as measured by the COST-11 score. Of the 191 eligible patients, 46 patients completed the survey (response rate of 24%). A total of 41 respondents (89%) received an initial treatment of revision amputation, with the remaining patients receiving a semi-occlusive dressing. Patients with commercial insurance had significantly lower COST-11 scores (ie, worse FT) than patients with Medicare (β = 7.5, 95% CI: 0.5 to 14.5) and Worker's Compensation (β = 8.7, 95% CI: 1.8 to 15.6). Patients who were single/never married had significantly worse FT (β = -11.3, 95% CI: -18.7 to -3.9). Approximately 35% (n = 16) reported that the costs were higher than expected. More than a third of patients (39%) reported decreasing spending on basic items, such as food, at least once since surgery. Patients face FT when obtaining surgery following traumatic finger amputation. Variation in the FT is associated with type of insurance and marriage status, highlighting how underinsurance and social support likely affect the overall economic well-being of patients.

The Biggest Decision of Your Life(Time)? Examining the Politics of Married at First Sight

Lifetime’s “Married at First Sight” (MAFS) aired its seventeenth season in 2024, averaging 2.58 million viewers per weekly episode. In this paper, we ask, how does MAFS reflect and intervene in contemporary marriage politics, particularly regarding race, gender, class, and sexuality in the U.S.? To answer this question, we draw on scholarship about marriage as a political institution, and on reality TV as a window into contemporary socio-economic issues. Using interpretive, feminist methods of analysis, we find that MAFS reflects and intervenes in contemporary marriage politics by offering viewers a very traditional and exclusionary version of the institution at a time when it and everything else (reproductive rights and same-sex marriages, to name just two examples) is in flux. However, even as it attempts to offer a “balm” to all of this upheaval, in practice, the show’s “experimental results” offer something more complex, which both reflects the contemporary realities of marriage and attracts viewers.

Prevalence of and factors associated with overweight and obesity in patients with severe mental disorders in Shenzhen: results from the urban Chinese population.

To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in patients with severe mental disorders (SMD) and the factors associated with their socio-demographic and disease characteristics in a cross-sectional population-based study. This analysis examined the prevalence of overweight and obesity in 14 868 managed SMD patients in an urban area of Shenzhen city based on data from the health information monitoring system in 2021. Multivariate logistic regression were used to identify the factors associated with the prevalence of overweight and obesity in patients with SMD. China. 14 868 patients with SMD. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in patients with SMD in this study was 32·6 % and 16·1 %, respectively. In multivariate analysis, married status, Shenzhen household registration, management durations of 5-10 years and >10 years, participation in family physician services, taking clozapine or aripiprazole, FPG > 6·1 mmol/l, hypertension, TC ≥ 5·2 mmol/l, TG ≥ 1·7 mmol/l, and more frequent follow-ups in the past year were associated with higher odds of overweight and obesity. Compared to their respective reference categories, living with parents, spouse and children, taking risperidone, aripiprazole, amisulpride and perphenazine, FPG > 6·1 mmol/l, hypertension, TC ≥ 5·2 mmol/l, TG ≥ 1·7 mmol/l, and more frequent follow-ups in the past year were associated with higher odds of obesity. We observed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in patients with SMD in this study. The findings highlight the need for integrated management of overweight and obesity risk factors among patients with SMD.

Evaluation of Risk Factors in Patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension

Objective: The purpose of our study was to compare the age, gender, intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), spherical equivalent values, smoking, family history of glaucoma, and additional systemic diseases in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and patients with ocular hypertension (OHT); and to evaluate the relationships of these factors with each other. Materials and Methods: 40 patients with POAG, 40 patients with OHT, and 40 individuals as a control group were included in the study. Age, gender, IOP, CCT, spherical equivalent values, family history of glaucoma, history of consanguineous marriage, smoking, and systemic diseases of each subject were recorded. Results: There was no significant difference in gender and average age between the groups. IOP values were higher in the POAG and OHT groups than in the control group. There was no significant difference in IOP values between POAG and OHT groups. CCT was higher in the OHT group than in the other groups. There was no significant correlation between IOP and CCT values. There was no significant difference in mean spherical equivalent values. The incidence of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and diabetes mellitus was similar in all groups. Family history of glaucoma is increased in the POAG and OHT group compared with the control group. There was no significant difference in the history of consanguineous marriage, alcohol usage, and smoking status among all groups. Conclusion: High IOP was the most important risk factor in POAG and OHT groups. A significant familial history of glaucoma in POAG and OHT groups suggests that genetic factors may be an important risk factor.

Who dominates? Multiple constructions of women's subjective social status and their cohort dynamics in transitional China

The way women construct their subjective social status has garnered significant attention. However, the roles of husbands and fathers in this process have been underexplored, with even less focus on how these roles have evolved across generations. This study aims to answer two important questions against the backdrop: First, which is the most dominant factor in shaping married women's subjective social status, their own objective class or those of their husband or father? Answers to this question reveal the impacts of assortative mating and intergenerational mobility. Second, how does the construction pattern change across birth cohorts? Cohort dynamics help reflect the evolution of gender roles and family values in China. Using pooled data from the Chinese General Social Survey in 2010–2017 and the diagonal reference model, our study finds that Chinese married women previously tended to construct their own social status based on the objective class of their husbands. However, this trend is reversed for younger cohorts. Father's objective class status carries roughly the same weight as women's own, but its impact becomes moderately stronger in younger cohorts. Taken together, the above findings reveal a unique pathway of family modernization in transitional China. Married women, although increasingly independent of their spouses, still remain closely connected with their natal families.

Investigating the relationship between internet addiction, domestic violence, and emotional divorce among married women in Tehran

BackgroundIdentifying the factors affecting emotional divorce due to the negative consequences of this social problem in women can play an important role in preventing its occurrence. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between internet addiction, domestic violence, and emotional divorce among married women in Tehran.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among married women in Tehran, Iran. Sampling was conducted first through a multi-stage cluster method and then continued using a random method. Tehran was divided into five parts: central, northern, southern, eastern, and western. The sample size was divided by 5, resulting in 80 participants selected from each part. In each part, two regions were selected, and in each region, 40 houses were randomly selected. Researchers visited the selected houses, and the questionnaires were filled out at home by the women. Tools such as Gottman’s Emotional Divorce Test, Young’s Internet Addiction Test, and the Domestic Violence against Women Survey were used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data in SPSS (version 24) software.ResultsA total of 400 women participated in the study. 46% of all married women suffered emotional divorce. The analysis of these tests showed that are positive and significant relationships between emotional divorce and internet addiction (r = 0.626, p < 0.0001), emotional divorce and domestic violence (r = 0.632, p < 0.0001), and internet addiction and domestic violence (r = 0.455, p < 0.0001). It was also found that there are significant negative relationships between emotional divorce and both the level of education (r=-0.115, p = 0.021) and employment status (r=-0.512, p < 0.0001). Additionally, there are significant negative relationships between internet addiction and age (r=-0.285, p < 0.0001), duration of marriage (r=-0.237, p < 0.0001) and employment status (r=-0.694, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, it was revealed that there are significant negative relationship between domestic violence and age (r=-0.104, p = 0.037) and level of education (r=-0.156, p = 0.002).ConclusionAlmost half of the married women in this study experienced emotional divorce, internet addiction, and domestic violence. These factors have a direct relationship with emotional divorce. Future studies are needed to understand how internet addiction might be associated with separation, emotional divorce and family problems.

Risk factors for second primary breast cancer by laterality, age, and race and ethnicity.

Epidemiologic studies of risk factors for second primary breast cancer (SBC) have been conducted primarily in non-Hispanic White (NHW) women. A racially- and ethnically-diverse population-based pooled cohort of 9,639 women with first primary stage I-III invasive breast cancer (FBC) was linked with the California Cancer Registry; 618 contralateral SBC (CSBC) and 278 ipsilateral SBC (ISBC), diagnosed >6 months after FBC, were identified. Using Fine and Gray models accounting for competing risks, we assessed associations of CSBC and ISBC risk with FBC clinical characteristics and epidemiologic factors. In younger women (FBC at age <50 years), higher CSBC risk was associated with ER/PR-negative FBC [hazard ratio (HR)=1.68], breast cancer family history (HR = 2.20), and nulliparity (HR = 1.37). In older women (FBC at age ≥50 years), higher risk was associated with breast cancer family history (HR = 1.32), premenopausal status (HR = 1.49), overweight (HR = 1.39), and higher alcohol consumption (HR = 1.34). For ISBC, higher risk was associated with married status (HR = 1.94) in younger women, and overweight (HR = 1.60) among older women. For CSBC, HR estimates were generally similar across racial and ethnic groups. Even after adjustment for these risk factors, compared with NHW women, risk remained elevated for CSBC in younger African American, Asian American, and Hispanic women, and for ISBC in older African American and Hispanic women with ER/PR-positive FBC. Our findings support genetic risk evaluation, enhanced screening, and lifestyle changes in women at higher risk of SBC. Additional risk factors must contribute to the unequal burden of SBC across racial and ethnic groups.

Improvement of quality of life on breast cancer-related lymphedema patients through a postmastectomy care program in Mexico: a prospective study.

To assess whether health-related quality of life (HRQOL) improved through a postmastectomy care program focused on breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) protection/awareness. Postoperative breast cancer patients were enrolled prospectively (February-2018 to September-2019) at Nursing and Obstetrics Faculty, Durango, Mexico. Sociodemographic/clinical characteristics, arm measurements, and HRQOL evaluation with Functional Assessment Cancer Therapy-Breast Cancer were collected at baseline and after six follow-up assessments between six-to-twelve-month postmastectomy. Lymphedema was verified through circometry. Descriptive analysis and McNemar-Bowker test were used to evaluate paired differences in HRQOL. Subgroup analysis was conducted to assess sociodemographic/clinical characteristics of BCRL using Pearson's chi-squared or Fisher exact test along with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). All tests were two-sided with P-values < 0.05 considered statistically significant. One-hundred-two patients developed BCRL (incidence 66.2%, n = 154). All dimensions of HRQOL improved after the postmastectomy care program (P < 0.05). The subgroup analysis indicated that elementary academic degree (OR = 2.40, 95%CI: 1.01-5.69), laborer (OR = 9.85, 95%CI: 3.30-29.3), and total mastectomy (OR = 4.23, 95%CI: 1.20-14.9) were more associated with BCRL (P < 0.05). Conversely, high school academic degree (OR = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.22-0.94), married status (OR = 0.42, 95%CI: 0.21-0.86), housewife (OR = 0.27, 95%CI: 0.12-0.61), professional occupation (OR = 0.10, 95%CI: 0.01-0.64), and having no comorbidities (OR = 0.31, 95%CI: 0.15-0.63) were less associated with BCRL (P < 0.05). Although HRQOL improved through the postmastectomy care program, our findings suggest that lower education, working as a laborer, and total mastectomy may be more associated with BCRL. Continuing research may uncover liabilities among BCRL patients within limited-resources settings.

Шляхетська родина Побідинських герба Гриф у Сяноцькій землі в XV ст.

The aim of this article is to explore the genealogy and history of the noble Pobidynski family in the 15th century, based on records from the Sanok zemsky and grodsky courts. The research methodology is grounded in the principles of scientific criticism, objectivity, and historicism, as well as the use of general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization, statistical) and specific historical methods (microhistorical, historical-typological, historical-systematic). The scientific novelty lies in the microhistorical examination of the history and genealogy of the Pobidynski family, as a typical noble family of the Sanok land in the 15th century, with clarified details on the family's composition, structure, and the evolution of their estate. Conclusions: The progenitor of the Pobidynski family settled in the Sanok land no earlier than the 1370s, during the reign of Vladyslav of Opole in Galicia. In the early 15th century, the Pobidynski family used the ownership designation "of Pustków," which was uncommon in the Sanok land, to indicate their origin. In the first quarter of the 15th century, the Pobidynski family was represented by the brothers Klemens, Pavlo, and Hebda of Pustkow and Pobidno. Initially, their estate in the Sanok land comprised three villages – Pobidno, Pysarivci, and Dudynci. Klemens and Pavlo, and especially Pavlos son Leonard, made efforts to expand their holdings by acquiring neighboring properties. By the end of the 15th century, the Pobidynski family had become one of the wealthiest in the Sanok land. Their prominent social status was evidenced not only by their wealth but also by the offices held by family members in each generation throughout the 15th century. Holding these offices demonstrated their involvement in public life and allowed them to distinguish themselves among the nobility. The most prominent position was held by Klemens Pobidynski, the land judge of Sanok land. His nephew, Leonard Pavlovych, held the more modest position of Sanok's voyski, while Leonard's son, Vaclav Pobidynski, briefly served as the Sanok stolnyk. The 15th century was a period of continuous growth for the Pobidynski family's estate. Through purchases alone, the Pobidynskis acquired about nine settlements. The family's marital alliances in the 15th century were mostly confined to the Sanok land. Of the ten known marriages involving family members during this period, eight were with families who owned property in the Sanok land, and only two were with outsiders. Another seven marriages do not specify the origin of the marriage partners. Throughout the 15th century, the family showed a consistent trend of growth. The second generation was represented by three brothers – Klemens, Pavlo, and Hebda. The third generation included seven children of Klemens and Pavlo, and the fourth generation consisted of nine grandchildren.