Marriage Registration Research Articles

Pembuktian Kasus Hukum Perkawinan

This study discusses the issue of marriage according to civil law in Indonesia, especially related to the importance of marriage registration to ensure the validity of marriage and the legal impact arising from unregistered marriages. This study aims to identify relevant legal provisions in marriage cases, especially those related to unregistered marriages, otherwise known as sirri marriages. The method used in this study is normative juridical, with secondary data from literature studies. The results of the study show that unregistered marriages have the potential to cause various legal problems, both for married couples and children born from the marriage. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of marriage registration as formal and legal evidence that protects the civil rights of husband and wife and children born from a valid marriage.

Nikāh Sirri and Its Impact: The Perspective of Maqashid Ash-Shari’ah of Imam Asy-Syathiby

Background. The legal status of nikāh sirri (secret or unregistered marriage) is controversial because it is not announced and not officially recorded. The views of scholars on secret marriage and the factors causing it, as well as the legal regulations in force in Indonesia, need to be studied. Aim. Examines nikāh sirri from the perspective of maqāṣid asy-syari’ah, which includes five essential goals of Islamic law: the maintaining religion (hifẓ ad-dīn), soul (hifẓ an-nafs), descendants (hifẓ an-nasl), property (hifẓ al-māl), and reason (hifẓ al-’aql). Method. This research utilizes a literature review with a descriptive-analytical approach to Islamic jurisprudence and relevant regulations. Result. Nikāh sirri causes more harm (mafsadat) than benefit (maslahat), particularly concerning the rights of wives and children in inheritance, financial support, and legal protection. Based on maqāṣid asy-syari’ah, nikāh sirri is considered impermissible (haram) due to its adverse effects on mental well-being, economic instability, and threats to legitimate lineage. The formal registration of marriage is crucial for ensuring the protection of family rights.

Analisis Dampak Pernyataan Kementrian Agama yang menjadikan KUA sebagai Tempat Pernikahan semua Agama

Statement from the Ministry of Religious Affairs (Kemenag) regarding the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) as a place for marriages of all religions is an issue widely discussed by scholars and religious leaders. KUA is a government institution responsible for carrying out some of the tasks related to Islamic religious affairs in Indonesia. However, the Ministry of Religious Affairs has prepared KUA to become a place for marriages of all religions, with regulations, infrastructure, human resources, and cross-religious marriage counseling programs in place. There are legal regulatory obstacles in implementing Kemenag's proposal, but efforts are underway to prepare infrastructure and programs to maximize supervision of marriage registration, especially for non-Muslims. KUA not only plays a role in conducting marriages for Muslims, but cross-religious marriage counseling programs have also been practiced in several KUAs, such as in Kintamani, Bangli, Bali, and Bangka Belitung. The purpose of this research is to analyze the issues surrounding KUA becoming a place for marriages of all religions. The research method used is qualitative research accompanied by field research at the Office of Religious Affairs in the city of Semarang . The results of this research include the discrepancies between the issues created by some news on television or social media not aligning with the regulatory planning as intended. KUA will only be used as a place for registering marriages of all religions; beyond that, various perspectives emerge from the community, community leaders, and KUA officials who oppose the policy if it were to be fully realized.

Relationship Between Customs and Religion in Minangkabau Society Shown in The Works of Hamka

The Minangkabau community, known for its devout religiosity, is unique in its adherence to a matrilineal kinship system, which differs from the patrilineal teachings of Islam. This article explains the relationship between customary law, Islam, Minangkabau society in Hamka's works.The findings not only show how the relationship between customs and religion manifest themselves in Minangkabau society, as shown in the works that are the subject of this study, but also include a critique of this relationship. Hamka argues through his works that the relationship embodied in the Minangkabau concept, namely syarak bersanding adat, adat bersanding kitabullah (religion alongside custom, custom alongside the Book of Allah), is not yet an ideal concept because it is not dominated by Sharia. As a result, the customary system still leads to discrimination, not only against outsiders but also among community members themselves, regarding the regulation of marriage and inheritance

Pendampingan Pencatatan Perkawinan sebagai Administrasi Kependudukan terhadap Masyarakat OAP di Kampung Matara

The Indigenous Papuan People (OAP) in Matara village still have several couples who only marry based on customary law so that they do not have legal certainty in the aspect of marriage as evidenced by a marriage certificate. The purpose of this service is not only to provide assistance and legal counselling on the importance of marriage registration but also to realise the orderly administration of population in Matara village through marriage through church marriage and civil registration. The implementation method is carried out in various stages, including starting from data collection, counselling and procedures for implementing marriage. The results of the service are 6 (six) couples who have performed traditional marriages but have not been recorded in the civil registry because religious marriages have not been held and recorded under state law

Wallimahtul Ursy as the Embryo of the Birth of Marriage Registration According to Islamic Law

This research aims to provide an illustration that by carrying out a marriage according to Islamic religious law without going through a marriage notification at the KUA, known as nikah sirri, then making a walimah to announce the marriage shows that there are no obstacles to the marriage being carried out.This research uses normative juridical research methods using primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials as well as statutory regulations and legal concepts.The results of the research show that if the sirri marriage is carried out by the guardian as a form of announcement to the public, then the marriage is considered valid because the conditions have been fulfilled and are in harmony and can be published which can be interpreted as a form of recording. because previously there was no institution for marriage registration. Walimah shows that a valid marriage has been carried out according to Islamic law, so that there are no longer any obstacles to the marriage. The function of recording according to state law is for everyone to know and serve as evidence for the parties. Making a walimah means wanting to announce the marriage and provide evidence to the public and government that a valid marriage has been carried out so that it can be reported administratively for recording.

Problematic issues arising in the field of state registration of acts of civil status

State registration of civil status acts is one of the forms of public services in the field of administrative law. The public service orientation of executive authorities and local self-government bodies is a priority in the decentralization processes which are taking place in Ukraine today. The focus of the local government reform is on people, and one of the important factors of their comfort is the provision of quality administrative services. Every day, children are born in Ukraine, some get married, some get divorced, and some die. Despite all the difficulties that exist today, the service of state registration of civil status acts is the most popular among Ukrainian citizens. The armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine has made many adjustments to our everyday life and the life of the country as a whole. Despite all the challenges, the legislator is trying to facilitate bureaucratic procedures, including in the field of civil registration. The latest technologies are being actively introduced, and amendments and additions are being made to the legislation in the field of state civil registration. Despite the significant progress in civil registration legislation, some difficulties arise in practice, especially in situations of state registration of marriage or divorce when one of the spouses is a military officer, or if one of the spouses is abroad, or in the area of active hostilities, or in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine. Regarding the temporarily occupied territories, unfortunately, during the 10 years of armed conflict, Ukraine has not been able to simplify the procedure for legitimizing civil status acts issued in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine. Therefore, Ukrainian citizens must go to court to recognize facts that have legal significance. Therefore, it is necessary for the legislator to resolve the problematic issues related to state registration of civil status acts.

Contextualisation of Reciprocal Alues in Fulfillment Aliqah as an Effort to Strengthen the Family

This study aims to explore the form of the absence of reciprocal or mutuality values that lead wives to file for a divorce, the factors causing the non-implementation of reciprocal values in financial support, and strategies for family strengthening. This research is a qualitative descriptive study based on the increasing trend of divorce cases filed by wives. Data was gathered from online news about the trend of divorce lawsuits triggered by either the wife's or husband's failure to apply reciprocal values.  Interviews were conducted with maslahah family counselors, heads of religious affairs office, female scholars, academics, and judges of religious courts about the reasons wives file for divorce and efforts to strengthen families. Analysis was done qualitatively using the theories of mublà and social adaptation. The findings indicate that the absence of reciprocal values is triggered by gender-biased understanding dominating classical scholars' mindsets, which rely on patriarchal ethics and greatly favour men. This gender bias is implemented in Indonesian marriage regulations and becomes ingrained in the subconscious of society. The gender bias is implemented in Indonesian marriage regulation and becomes ingrained in the subconscious of humanity. Consequently, the obligation of financial support is seen as an absolute duty of the husband, without considering specific circumstances such as illness, disability or imprisonment, which may prevent the husband from fulfilling his obligations. On the other hand, when a husband cannot provide financial support, he is also unwilling to share domestic responsibilities, causing the wife to bear a double burden. As a result, conflicts and violence often occur. Therefore, there is a need to reinterpret the concept of financial support by following the messages of the Quran and the dynamics of modern society, implementing reciprocal values, and adapting roles. Socialising reciprocal values to all elements of society through relevant institutions and social media is essential for realising family strengthening.

Legal Analysis of Inconsistencies in Child Marriage Regulations

This study analyzes the inconsistencies in child marriage regulations in Indonesia, which result in legal uncertainty in efforts to protect children through the marriage dispensation process. By employing both normative and sociological approaches, the study examines the legal implications of these regulatory disparities and assesses the marriage dispensation process from a benefit-based perspective. The findings reveal that the inconsistency in regulations leads to unequal legal protection for children involved in marriage, highlighting the urgent need for harmonizing laws and strengthening child protection mechanisms. Improvements are necessary not only in the Child Protection Law but also in the revision of the Marriage Law, taking into account the broader responsibility of the state in safeguarding children. Although the Marriage Law sets a minimum age for marriage, it still allows for loopholes through marriage dispensation, reflecting an inconsistency in legislative efforts to protect children. The overlap between different legal provisions creates uncertainty in the legality of child marriages, as different interpretations of the laws can lead to varying legal outcomes. This study identifies two key issues: the legal consequences of regulatory inconsistencies in child marriages and how marriage dispensation is viewed from a benefit perspective. Using a normative legal research method, the study draws on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources, including legislation and court decisions, and analyzes the data qualitatively. The results indicate that the regulatory inconsistencies create legal uncertainty in the protection of children in marriages approved through dispensation. Therefore, protecting these marriages from a benefit perspective is essential, as the dispensation process serves as a form of legal protection for children, rather than defying the rule of law.

Kajian Yuridis Terhadap Perkawinan Beda Agama Setelah Keluarnya SEMA Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 Tentang Penolakan Permohonan Pencatatan Perkawinan Beda Agama

The aim of this research is to determine the impact of SEMA No. 2 of 2023 regarding the constitutional rights of people in interfaith marriages from the perspective of the principle of legal certainty. The trigger factor for the emergence of SEMA is because there is a legal loophole for couples who want to carry out an interfaith marriage, in Article 2 paragraph 1 of Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, it is explained that to carry out a marriage they must adhere to their respective religious beliefs. In this article there is no explanation that interfaith marriages are prohibited, then the emergence of regulations regarding marriage registration in Article 35 letter a of the Population Administration Law explains in this article that marriages are carried out between religions. With this gap of uncertainty, the couple continued with an interfaith marriage, so the Supreme Court issued a circular for judges to reject the application for interfaith marriage and provide legal certainty.To achieve this goal, the author uses a normative juridical approach. The data used in this research is secondary data as the main data which includes primary legal material, secondary legal material and tertiary legal material. Data was analyzed qualitatively. Conclusion: the impact of the emergence of SEMA Number 2 of 2023 concerning rejection of requests for interfaith marriages, is a step to provide clarity on the confusion that occurs in society and as a guide for judges in rejecting requests for interfaith marriages. Then the emergence of SEMA gave rise to pros and cons in society. Rejection considers discrimination against personal rights in the context of marriage and limits the independence of judges in adjudicating trials. Keywords: Interfaith Marriage, SEMA Number 2 of 2023, Legal Certainty

Family Matters: Enhancing Insight in Linked Administrative Data Through Familial Linkage

ObjectiveFamilial relationships can provide researchers with important insight into genetic, environmental, and social influences across many domains of research. While most administrative datasets do not collect information about relationships, familial linkage is an approach which seeks to identify such relationships among individuals within a linked data environment. We sought to develop a familial linkage resource which permits researchers access to relationship information otherwise not available in unlinked disparate administrative collections. ApproachLeveraging birth and marriage registration data, we sought to identify relationships between Victorians. Familial links were formed by summarising relationships that were either explicit in the data (e.g. Parent and Child), or implied (e.g. A parent of a parent is a grandparent). Resulting relationship data was stored in a data asset which interfaces with our linkage infrastructure for easy access and use by linked data end-users. ResultsThrough familial linkage, we have identified over 8.8 million unique relationships for Victorians, spanning 24 relationship subtypes which include both biological and non-biological connections. This data can be linked to all administrative datasets within our linkage environment, however representation varies across sources. Overall, the highest coverage of known relationships is found in datasets which specialise in child services, while older Victorians remain a gap. Conclusion and ImplicationsFamilial linkage offers new dimensions of insight to researchers than what is accessible in source data alone. This information enables our data end-users to gain critical insights into the complex interplay between biological and social influences on Victorians’ health and well-being.

The social construction of childhood: is a minimum age of marriage attainable in plural societies?

AbstractThis paper explores the way in which childhood is socially constructed in the context of child marriage regulation. Despite extreme social and cultural diversity, there is a core ideology in UN human rights instruments, around which official versions of childhood pivot. International law recommends setting the minimum age of marriage at 18years. This article problematizes the progressively depoliticizing effects of a seemingly neutral regulatory drive at the heart of the UN’s promotion of a standardized construction of childhood. The immediate purpose of this article is not to offer solutions to child marriage, but to bring together some elements that may form a basis for understanding the way in which conceptions of childhood are contextually constructed. My hope is that a familiarity with these social perceptions will help to explain the present struggle and resistance to apply universal rights constructions of childhood to non-western societies.

<b>ANALISIS PENETAPAN NOMOR 53/PDT.P/2023/PN JKT.SEL MENGENAI PERMOHONAN PENCATATAN PERKAWINAN BEDA AGAMA YANG DIKABULKAN OLEH PENGADILAN NEGERI JAKARTA SELATAN</b>

Interfaith marriage is a marriage in which a person with different religious beliefs and still respective to their religions. Formulation of the problem in this study is whether the South Jakarta District Court has the authority to examine and determine applications for registration of marriages of different religions and whether the South Jakarta District Court judge used the legal considerations used in Decision Number 53/Pdt.P/2023/PN Jkt.Sel in accordance with Law Number 1 of 1974 and the Complication of Islamic Law in granting applications for registration of marriages of different religions. The research method uses normative legal research, is analytical descriptive and data collection uses library research and deductive methods of drawing conclusions. Results of the research and discussion of the South Jakarta District Court Judges are indeed authorized to determine interfaith marriages, but even though they are authorized, the South Jakarta District Court Judges should not grant the application. Conclusion is that the South Jakarta District Court Judge uses legal considerations that are contrary to Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, the Complication of Islamic Law and religious provisions in Indonesia and also the lack of legal considerations of judges or Onvoldoende gemotiveerd in granting applications for interfaith marriages

Legal Studies of Marriage Registration and the Problems of Isbat Nikah Polyandry and Its Legal Consequences for Children

One of the important issues in marriage law in Indonesia is the registration of marriages and divorces in the Religious Courts. This happens because some of the rules in these regulations are considered relatively new because they have not been mentioned in the classical jurisprudence books which are used by the Indonesian people, especially the ulama. In statutory regulations as contained in Article 2 paragraph (2) of Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage jo. Article 5 of the Compilation of Islamic Law states that every marriage must be recorded. This research discusses; What is the form of registration of polyandrous marriages and what are the problems with the legal status of polyandrous marriages and the legal consequences for children. This type of research is doctrinal research or normative legal research. Meanwhile, the approach used is a statutory approach, a conceptual approach and a comparative approach and the legal analysis uses descriptive qualitative analysis, namely by formulating and explaining significantly several legal issues that are the object of study in this research.

Non-index hospital re-admissions after hospitalisation with acute myocardial infarction and geographic remoteness, New South Wales, 2005-2020: a retrospective cohort study.

To examine the frequency of re-admissions to non-index hospitals (hospitals other than the initial discharging hospital) within 30 days of admission with acute myocardial infarction in New South Wales; to examine the relationship between non-index hospital re-admissions and 30-day mortality. Retrospective cohort study; analysis of hospital admissions (Admitted Patient Data Collection) and mortality data (Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages). Adults admitted to NSW hospitals with acute myocardial infarction re-admitted to any hospital within 30 days of discharge from the initial hospitalisation, 1 January 2005 - 31 December 2020. Proportion of re-admissions within 30 days of discharge to non-index hospitals, and associations of non-index hospital re-admissions with demographic and initial hospitalisation characteristics and with 30-day and 12-month mortality, each by residential remoteness category. Of 168 097 people with acute myocardial infarction discharged alive, 28 309 (16.8%) were re-admitted to hospital within 30 days of discharge, including 11 986 to non-index hospitals (42.3%); the proportion was larger for people from regional or remote areas (50.1%) than for people from major cities (38.3%). The odds of non-index hospital re-admission were higher for people with ST-elevation myocardial infarction, for people whose index admissions were to private hospitals, who were transferred between hospitals or had undergone revascularisation during the initial admission, were under 65 years of age, or had private health insurance; the influence of these factors was generally larger for people from regional or remote areas than for those from large cities. After adjustment for potential confounders, non-index hospital re-admission did not influence mortality among people from major cities (30-day: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99-1.20; 12-month: aOR, 0.98, 95% CI, 0.93-1.03), but was associated with reduced mortality for people from regional or remote areas (30-day: aOR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.70-0.95; 12-month: aOR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81-0.96). The geographically dispersed Australian population and the mixed public and private provision of specialist services means that re-admission to a non-index hospital can be unavoidable for people with acute myocardial infarction who are initially transferred to specialised facilities. Non-index hospital re-admission is associated with better mortality outcomes for people from regional or remote areas.

Juridical Implications on the Implementation of Marriages What is not Recorded at the Office of Religious Affairs in the Conception of Legal Certainty

Sirri marriages, which are often not registered under Indonesian positive law, create legal complexities that have the potential to harm the rights of the individuals involved, especially children. Even though in Islamic teachings, this kind of marriage is considered legal, Indonesia's positive legal perspective views it differently. This gives rise to a number of problems that threaten children's welfare, such as the lack of legal certainty regarding marital status, maintenance rights and inheritance rights. At the national legal level, Law No. 16 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and regulations related to children's rights, such as Law No. 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights, emphasize the importance of the protection and welfare of children. This research aims to identify and analyze the legal implications of unregistered marriages on the rights of the individuals involved, especially the rights of children. The focus of the research will be on legal certainty regarding marital status, maintenance rights and inheritance rights for children born from unregistered marriages. This research takes a normative juridical approach to examine positive criminal law regulations related to the criminalization of unregistered marriages, with a focus on the protection of wives and children. Using a legislative approach and a comparative approach, this research compares the legal rules of other countries to fill in legal ambiguities. Primary legal materials based on the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, the Criminal Code, and other related laws. Data collection methods include literature studies, documents and limited interviews to gain a deeper understanding. Data analysis was carried out using qualitative methods to produce a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon studied. This research aims to contribute ideas and solutions that can be used in the context of positive criminal law regarding unregistered marriages to prevent harm to the family. The absence of marriage registration can also result in children born from the marriage experiencing difficulties in obtaining their legal rights. For example, the right to inheritance or the right to receive social assistance provided by the government. Without official proof in the form of a marriage record, these children may have difficulty proving their familial relationship with their parents. This can lead to injustice and difficulties in obtaining the rights they should get as Indonesian citizens. Thus, marriages that are not registered at the religious affairs office can have serious consequences for legal certainty, protection of individual rights, and family welfare as a whole. overall. Therefore, it is important for every married couple to ensure that their marriage is officially registered at the authorized office in accordance with the legal provisions in force in Indonesia.

The Development of Indonesian Marriage Law in Contemporary Era

Indonesia is a highly diverse country, comprising a multitude of tribes, groups, races, and religions, and is endowed with a rich cultural heritage. The heterogeneity of Indonesian society provides the context for interfaith and other forms of marriage. The specific legislation that governs marriage is Law Number 1 of 1974. It is commonly assumed that Law No. 1/1974 requires immediate revision due to its outdated nature and inability to address contemporary issues pertaining to marriage. Consequently, there are numerous provisions within the Marriage Law that require amendment or addition. For instance, there is a need to introduce more robust penalties for those who violate the Marriage Law, whether they are involved in interfaith marriages, same-sex marriages, polygamous marriages, or marriages contracted without the requisite formalities. This study aims to examine the evolution of marriage law in Indonesia and the challenges it has faced. It employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature review. The findings reveal that Indonesia's marriage regulation has undergone three distinct phases, each characterised by its own set of issues. Additionally, the country's marriage law has experienced two distinct periods: one following independence and the other following the enactment of Marriage Law Number 1 of 1974.

«Требник атеиста»: теория и практика гражданской обрядности в СССР

The article is devoted to the analysis of the book “Socialist Rituals”. Kyiv. 1985, which outlines the theory and practice of civil rituals in the late USSR. This manual may well be called an “Аn atheistic breviary”, designed to replace the church breviary. The work shows the artificiality and lifelessness of Soviet civil rituals, considered by its creators primarily as an element of persecution of the Russian OrthodoX Church. The inability of Soviet civil rituals to satisfy human spiritual needs has been proven. The main, unsolved task of the creators of non-religious civil rituals was to find means of persuasion and evidence of its effectiveness. The article shows how, in order to impart a certain “spirituality” to civil rites, the authors of the manual consciously or unconsciously use the method of mental associations. New Soviet rituals are analyzed — “rites of the calendar cycle”, “solemn registration of marriage”, “solemn registration of a newborn”, “civil funeral services”.

KUA's Communication Strategy in Revitalizing the Strengthening of the Marriage Record Program

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to describe how the communication strategy applied in the Religious Office (KUA) in revitalizing the strengthening of the marriage record program in Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency. This study uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. The location of this research is the Office of Religious Affairs located on Jln. Besar Tembung No. 34, Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency. The data used in this study is secondary data, in the form of policy archives and communication strategies in KUA, Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency. Primary source, by conducting an in-depth interview with the head of KUA, Mr. Drs. Ahmad Sayuti Hasibuan, MA and Mrs. Nuriastusya'diah, SE. M. Si as the staff/general executor at KUA Percut Sei Tuan Deli Serdang Regency. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that the strategy used by the religious office in Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency, to revive and improve the marriage registration program. As everyone knows, socialization is the process by which norms, values, and behaviors are passed down from one generation to the next in a group or community. The KUA revitalization strategy is carried out to improve the strengthening of the program at KUA Percut Sei Tuan Deli Serdang Regency and the socialization of prospective brides. Keywords: Communication Strategy, KUA, Program Revitalization.

The Role of Islamic Religious Counselors in Providing Premarital Guidance at the Religious Affairs Office of Sultan Daulat District, Subulussalam City, Aceh Province

This study aims to analyze the implementation of premarital guidance at the Religious Affairs Office of Sultan Daulat District, the materials provided in premarital guidance at the Religious Affairs Office of Sultan Daulat District, and the SWOT analysis of premarital guidance at the Religious Affairs Office of Sultan Daulat District. The study used a nautical qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews and documentation studies. This study revealed several important findings regarding premarital guidance at the Religious Affairs Office of Sultan Daulat District. The implementation of this guidance follows the requirements for marriage registration in accordance with the latest regulations. Participants were very satisfied with the ease and flexibility of time provided during the guidance, which was arranged according to the agreement between the presenter and participants. Religious counselors showed responsibility and consistency in their duties, making positive contributions to the community by being active in discussions and question and answer sessions. The guidance material was delivered by two groups of presenters: Islamic religious counselors and representatives from the National Population and Family Planning Agency and health agencies. The material covered the management of psychology and family dynamics, reproductive health, and the foundations of a harmonious family. Religious counselors used an independent method in delivering their material. The SWOT analysis shows that religious counselors play a role in reducing the divorce rate in the area. They are also effective in reducing the spread of hoax news about premarital counseling. The guidance methods applied and the flexibility of implementation time help simplify the process and overcome the negative stigma that is often associated with premarital counseling at the Sultan Daulat Religious Affairs Office.