Market Sales Research Articles

Effects of the illicit market on the price elasticity of cigarette consumption in Brazil

BackgroundAn important element to consider in tobacco tax policy is the illicit market of cigarette sales. The objective of this paper is to provide estimates of both conditional and unconditional...

The impact of entrepreneurial marketing on new venture brand image and performance: a capability perspective

PurposeThis study aims to examine the underlying mechanisms through which entrepreneurial marketing (EM) promotes the development of a favorable brand image and enhances sales growth and market share in new ventures (NVs).Design/methodology/approachThe authors tested the theoretical model using a multi-informant design in which survey data were collected from NV entrepreneurs and marketing managers. Hypotheses were tested using linear regression and PROCESS analysis.FindingsThe authors demonstrate the significance of EM as comprising two NV capabilities – first, the level of complementarity between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and market orientation (MO) as a dynamic capability, and second, brand management capabilities (BMCs) as an operational capability – in shaping a favorable NV brand image and promoting market performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors offer a novel perspective by demonstrating that EO and MO yield complementarities in driving NVs’ BMCs, which, in turn, drive brand image development and market performance for NVs. In doing so, the authors demonstrate novel theoretical implications for the relevance of EM to NV branding, which, to date, has received scant attention in the literature.Practical implicationsThe authors identify a potential avenue for entrepreneurs and NV managers to mitigate the potential failure rates by simultaneously pursuing a higher level of EO and MO and investing in brand-building activities. Such efforts can help enhance brand image, drive sales growth and foster long-term success.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to include brand capabilities as an element of EM, examine EM in NV brand image development and identify the role of EM capabilities relevant to NV brand building and market performance simultaneously.

서울시 오피스텔 매매, 월세시장에 대한 연구

서울시 오피스텔 매매, 월세시장에 대한 연구

Membangun Kapasitas UMKM dalam Pemasaran Digital di Desa Wisata Way Tebing Cepa

The Covid-19 pandemic has severely hampered the expansion of the world economy, including Indonesia. In the midst of this challenging situation, businesses are being forced to innovate and fight for their survival. On a positive note, the rapid advancement of digital technology has opened up new opportunities for MSMEs to market their products to a wider audience online. This allows MSMEs to reach a broader market and increase sales. However, to fully capitalize on these opportunities, MSMEs need to improve their human resources (HR) and information technology (IT) capabilities. This is crucial to help them adapt to the various new technologies emerging in the era of Industry 4.0. The government has high hopes for MSMEs to become major players in the development of Indonesia's digital economy. MSME empowerment can be achieved by assisting them in gaining access to finance and ensuring that their products are of sufficient quality to compete in the market. This can increase investor confidence in MSMEs and open up funding opportunities. To enter the online business, MSMEs need to make improvements in several areas, such as product quality, product standardization, HR development, and access to financing. Collaboration between the government and e-commerce platforms is essential to support MSMEs in utilizing digital technology and developing their online businesses. As a commitment to helping MSMEs, Universitas MItra Indonesia is conducting a community service activity with the theme "Building MSME Capacity in Digital Marketing in Way Tebing Cepa Kalianda Tourism Village". This activity is being held in Taman Baru Village, Penengahan District, South Lampung Regency. This activity's primary goal is to teach and advise MSMEs in the community on how to use social media to market their goods and services.

Granger-Causal Effects of Consumer Behavior on NFT Sales

An understanding of what influences the NFT market is valuable in such a speculative space, and predictors of directional shifts in NFT sales are beneficial to NFT users and investors alike. For these reasons, research was undertaken to determine if metrics relating to consumer behavior could predict NFT market sales. To begin, a Buyer Activity Metric and a Buyer Valuation Metric were calculated using open-access data regarding the NFT market. A three-variable vector autoregression (VAR) model was then constructed using these metrics and NFT sales data. Changes in monthly NFT sales were found to be Granger-caused by changes in both the Buyer Activity Metric and the Buyer Valuation Metric. Changes in each metric were determined to precede changes in NFT sales by up to four months. The associations were also determined to be unidirectional, indicating a clear cause-and-effect style relationship. Questions about these predictive abilities were then theoretically explored.

Institutional Ownership and Concentration of Capital in Pharmaceutical Companies: Evidence from Iran

Background: Institutional owners influence the direction of policy and the performance of owned companies. This research was motivated by the presence of pharmaceutical companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange and the uncertainty surrounding the extent and influence of institutional owners on the policy direction and performance of the companies. Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study. The descriptive phase of the study involved measuring sales figures, market value, and market share of pharmaceutical companies listed on the stock exchange. In the analytical phase, the network of shareholders' relationships was analyzed with Gephi version 0.1 and Microsoft Excel version 2016, followed by the calculation of the capital concentration index and market share. Results: Estimates indicated that approximately 45% of the pharmaceutical companies in Iran were publicly traded in stock exchange. In 2020, the total value of these companies in the Iranian capital market reached 9.79 billion USD. Out of this amount, 45% (equivalent to 4.4 billion USD) was offered in Tehran Stock Exchange. The concentration of final shareholders, with a Herfindahl–Hirschman index(HHI) index of 0.036, signified a monopolistic competition market. On the other hand, the pharmaceutical capital market could be classified as an oligopoly market (with a value of 58.3) when analyzing only the direct shareholders at level 2. Additionally, the six main holding companies at this level collectively possess 67% of the pharmaceutical capital market. Conclusion: Based on the results, the importance of institutional owners, such as the Social Security Organization (SSO), in the decision-making process regarding the Iranian pharmaceutical market can be acknowledged. The decisions about integration and supply chains which aimed at improving the productivity of the pharmaceutical market, need to be thoroughly examined by the institutions mentioned in this research.

Automated Pricing and Replenishment Decisions for Vegetable Products Based on Data Analysis

This study delves into the critical factors for the successful operation of vegetable products supermarkets: efficient inventory management and accurate market demand analysis. Given the perishability of vegetables, their variety, and the complexity of supply chains, a linear regression model and the method of least squares have been developed to estimate model parameters. Additionally, the ARIMA model is utilized to forecast the unit prices of commodities. In a more comprehensive approach, considering various influencing factors, a combinatorial optimization algorithm (integrating linear regression and greedy algorithm) is employed to determine the optimal replenishment strategy. Based on this, the study forecasts the sales volume and unit prices for various categories over the next seven days, and accordingly, establishes the pricing strategy and predicted replenishment volume for each category. The research underscores the necessity for retailers to precisely analyze sales data and market trends, optimize supply chain management, and formulate effective pricing strategies to cope with seasonal variations and limited sales space. These measures are essential to satisfy consumer demand and enhance profitability.

Budget and breakeven prices of winter canola and pennycress production in Tennessee

AbstractCanola (Brassica napus) and pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) are winter oilseed crops that can be used to create sustainable aviation fuel. They have been grown successfully in the Upper Midwest and Great Plains and are garnering interest in the Mid‐South. A field study was conducted in Tennessee to determine management practices and average yields expected for the region. From this study, a budget and breakeven analysis was conducted. Budgets were created for tilled and no‐till canola and pennycress systems. Based on average yields obtained and projected oilseeds prices, canola systems are potentially profitable, while pennycress systems are not. However, breakeven prices were highly variable between years, locations, oilseed species, and tillage type. Canola has been relatively established in the region and can be promoted to growers as a profitable crop. Presently, the adoption of pennycress in the Mid‐South is not recommended without further research on best management practices, breeding efforts for higher yielding varieties, and the creation of a viable market for sale.

Management Information System Integration, Digital Marketing Strategies and Sales Growth of Selected Food and Beverage SMEs in Binan Laguna

The study aimed to assess the predictive capability of management information system (MIS) integration and digital marketing strategies on sales growth in food and beverage SMEs in Biñan, Laguna. It examined the relationship between MIS integration, digital marketing strategies, and sales growth through a descriptive-correlational study involving 65 registered SMEs, with a total population of 77. Key findings indicated strong agreement (average weighted mean of 3.31) among respondents regarding the value of MIS integration, and effectiveness (average weighted mean of 3.15) of digital marketing strategies. Sales growth was perceived as very high (average weighted mean of 3.35). However, statistical analysis revealed that MIS integration did not significantly relate to digital marketing strategies or sales growth. The study identified a modest relationship between digital marketing strategies (e.g., email marketing, social media) and sales growth, with email marketing showing statistical significance (p = 0.005). Overall, the model explained 21.9% of the variability in sales growth, suggesting other influential factors beyond the studied variables. While MIS was deemed beneficial for SMEs and certain digital marketing strategies were important for success, the study found no significant predictive relationships between MIS integration, digital marketing, and sales growth in the context of Biñan’s food and beverage SMEs. This highlights the complexity of business dynamics and the need for broader considerations beyond these specific factors.

Seller and search behavior in the Belgian housing market

This paper analyzes online real estate listings to estimate the listing price elasticity of search activity for the individual seller for both the rental and sales market. This elasticity is an essential parameter in the literature modeling the process of selling a home, as it indicates the extend to which potential buyers will react to the listing price. Furthermore, we argue that our estimates are an approximation for the average price elasticity of demand facing the individual seller, which is an indication for the amount of competition in the market. A novel dataset tracking real estate advertisements on a daily basis allows to control for unobserved heterogeneity between properties by using property fixed effects, exploiting the variation caused by changes in listing prices and search behavior throughout the listing process. The findings indicate that a one percent increase in the listing price reduces search activity for the property by 6.7 percent for the sales market and 6.6 percent for the rental market. Additionally, we find that an increase in the number of listings in a market segment enhances the listing price elasticity.

Cayenne Pepper Seed Partnership Sustainability Strategy (Case Study of "You Seed" Company Jember East Java)

Jember is one of the Cayenne pepper-producing districts in East Java. It is among the top 10 cayenne pepper producers in East Java and has the potential to contribute raw materials for cayenne pepper seeds. One of the superior seed-producing companies in Jember Regency is PT. Benih Unggul Sejati or You Seed Company. The company partners with cayenne pepper farmers in Jember to get raw seed materials. The higher demand for seeds is a problem, namely the farmers' lack of raw seed materials in stock. Farmers often provide seeds from their cayenne pepper harvest in quantities below the target set by the company. The sampling method uses a total sampling of 28 respondents. The data collection method uses observation, interview, and literature study methods. The research methods used are descriptive and quantitative. The results of the study are the sustainability strategy of the partnership that exists between the company PT. Benih Unggul Sejati and cayenne pepper seed farmers, namely the company strengthening emotional relationships with partner farmers through increasing the frequency of visits to partner farmers' land; the company provides capital loan assistance of up to 50% of the total cost of cayenne pepper farming expenses to partner farmers; utilizing waring technology in the cayenne pepper cultivation process; expanding the sales market for cayenne pepper seeds both nationally and internationally and cooperating with fellow IPBH member companies.

Fisher perceptions of catch and trade of sharks and rays in Angolan small‐scale fisheries

AbstractSmall‐scale fisheries ensure food security and employment in Angolan coastal communities. These dynamic, widespread fisheries remain mostly unregulated, with limited data available despite their likely significant impact on marine megafauna. We used an interview‐based survey to investigate local fisher interactions with elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) and gather information on utilization, trade and perceptions. All fishers (n = 83) landed elasmobranchs. Most fishers considered sharks as bycatch (74.7%, n = 62), while 100% targeted rays (Order Myliobatiformes), and 62.8% (n = 52) targeted guitarfishes (Order Rhinopristiformes). Over 80% of fishers reported declining catches and sizes of elasmobranchs over the last 30 years, raising concerns about the sustainability of these fisheries. Utilization and trade routes varied depending on elasmobranch products, with exports to China (fins) and local market sales (meat). Specifically, 8.4% (n = 5) of fishers confirmed meat and fin exports to China (4.8%, n = 3). The protection of sharks was considered by 32.5% (n = 30) of respondents, while 21.7% (n = 18) believed only certain shark species should be protected. Most respondents reported that rays (80.5%, n = 67) and guitarfishes (61%, n = 51) should not be protected. Regarding the ban on fishing, none considered it for ray species, with only 6.1% (n = 5) supporting this idea for guitarfishes. We highlight the lack of elasmobranch‐specific conservation measures and the need for a multi‐pronged approach to inform policy. Considering the scale of these fisheries, management actions need to be urgently developed and implemented to ensure the sustainability of elasmobranch fisheries while securing the livelihoods of coastal communities.

Application of Evolutionary Computation to the Optimization of Biodiesel Mixtures Using a Nature-Inspired Adaptive Genetic Algorithm

The present research work introduces a novel mixture optimization methodology for biodiesel fuels using an Evolutionary Computation method inspired by biological evolution. Specifically, the optimal biodiesel composition is deduced from the application of a nature-inspired adaptive genetic algorithm that first examines percentages of the ingredients in the optimal mixtures. The innovative approach’s effectiveness lies in problem simulation with improvements in the evaluation of the specific function and the way to define and tune the genetic algorithm. Environmental imperatives in the era of climate change currently impose the optimized production of alternative environmentally friendly biofuels to replace fossil fuels. Biodiesel in particular, appears to be more attractive in recent years, as it originates from renewable bio-derived resources. The main ingredients of the specific biofuel mixture investigated in this research are diesel and biodiesel (100% from bioresources). The assessment of the new biodiesel examined was performed using a fitness function that estimated both the density and cost of the fuel. Beyond the evaluation criterion of cost, density also influences the suitability of this biofuel for commercial use and market sale. The outcomes from the modeling process can be beneficial in saving cost and time for new biodiesel production by using this novel decision-making tool in comparison with randomized laboratory experimentations.

Expert evaluation of dual-use technical products

Subject. Progressive and accelerating economic growth of the Russian military-industrial complex needs additional extra-budgetary revenues, which can be obtained using the creation and market sale of dual-use technical products used in the military and civilian spheres. Objectives. The great number of dual technical products, and the complexity of comprehensive assessment of the possibility of their commercialization necessitates creation of special system-wide information and analytical tools. Methods. For objective economic assessment of this type of products, we developed a conceptual method based on their preliminary clustering (grouping) and systematic classification, taking into account the conditions and possibilities of commercial distribution. Results. We identified the main features of clustering and classification of dual products, i.e. the rate of obtaining additional financial profit and economic return from commercial sales, the amount of necessary investments, risky situations and uncertainties. We developed a method to evaluate their commercial and technical potential. The expert assessment of this type of products helps specify and clarify the possibilities and the most effective directions of their commercialization already at the preliminary stage of the systems analysis, identify additional methods for their further and more accurate analysis. The developed expert assessment method can be used in the military-industrial complex, and by high-tech enterprises producing civilian products. Conclusions. The proposed expert assessment of dual-use technical products will enable to develop a system regulation for performing a pre-investment assessment of future sales of technical products, increase the productivity and profitability of defense enterprises.

Organic Certification, Online Market Access, and Agricultural Product Prices: Evidence from Chinese Apple Farmers

Motivated by the increasing interest in sustainable agriculture and the potential benefits associated with organic certification, this study employs a multidimensional fixed-effects model to analyze data derived from onsite surveys conducted among 681 apple farmers in the Loess Plateau region of China to explore the influence of organic certification on absolute and relative agricultural product prices given online market access. The findings indicated a significant increase in apple prices among farmers who held organic certifications and engaged in online market sales, with prices rising by CNY1.60 per half kilogram. Additionally, this study highlights that the amalgamation of organic certification with online market access significantly enhances agricultural product prices by facilitating better dissemination of market information among farmers. Furthermore, this research addresses a critical gap in the existing literature by clarifying the differential impact of organic certification across distinct farmer demographics and geographical regions. The more pronounced positive impact of organic certification on prices observed among cooperative members and farmers in the low-altitude areas is particularly noteworthy. These results underscore the crucial role of online market access in achieving premium effects and price stability for organically certified products.

Transformation of enterprise development management in the context of implementation of the principles of inclusive development

The article discusses the features of the transformation of enterprise development management in an inclusive economy, emphasizing the significant benefits of inclusive entrepreneurship. This article reflects a new approach to enterprise management, one that opens up new opportunities and increases organizational competitiveness. The purpose of the study is to consider theoretical issues related to the spread of inclusive policy in the management and development of modern enterprises and organizations. An inclusive approach to financial and economic activities expands the company's ability to increase competitiveness in the market by: expanding the sales market; creating a barrier-free environment to attract new employees; enhancing the company's brand values and consumer loyalty; piquing investors' interest; and creating a positive reputation in the market. The main directions of transformation of enterprise development management in the context of inclusive entrepreneurship are determined. The main directions of changes in enterprises' pricing and investment policy in implementing the principles of inclusive development are generalized. Changing the management strategy in the formation of the personnel potential of the enterprise should consider the principles of implementation of inclusive business development. They are based on increasing the participation of all segments of the population in society, especially those who have difficulties in physical development. In the context of the implementation of the principles of inclusive development, the pricing policy of the enterprise should be aimed at ensuring the availability of goods (services) for the most vulnerable segments of the population. The possibilities of implementing the principles of inclusive development, which will increase the competitiveness of the enterprise (organization), are identified. These include increasing the potential by expanding the market for products, entering new market segments, and improving the reputation of the enterprise. The presented data indicate the need to create equal employment opportunities for socially vulnerable segments of the population, as well as proposals for new approaches to solving the problems of consumers with special needs. The implementation of the principles of inclusive development involves changes in the pricing, personnel and production policy of the enterprise. These changes not only enhance the enterprise's competitiveness but also bolster its reputation as a socially responsible entity, thereby reassuring stakeholders about the potential benefits of this approach. Keywords: inclusive economy, enterprise management, vulnerable groups of the population, business, economy, employment

Economic optimization of fresh logistics pick-up routing problems with time windows based on gray prediction

The rapid development of modern cold chain logistics technology has greatly expanded the sales market of agricultural products in rural areas. However, due to the uncertainty of agricultural product harvesting, relying on the experience values provided by farmers for vehicle scheduling can easily lead to low utilization of vehicle capacity during the pickup process and generate more transportation cost. Therefore, this article adopts a non-linear improved grey prediction method based on data transformation to estimate the pickup demand of fresh agricultural products, and then establishes a mathematical model that considers the fixed vehicle usage cost, the damage cost caused by non-linear fresh fruit and vegetable transportation damage and decay rate, the cooling cost generated by refrigerated transportation, and the time window penalty cost. In order to solve the model, a hybrid simulated annealing algorithm integrating genetic operators was designed to solve this problem. This hybrid algorithm combines local search strategies such as the selection operator without repeated strings and the crossover operator that preserves the best substring to improve the algorithm’s solving performance. Numerical experiments were conducted through a set of benchmark examples, and the results showed that the proposed algorithm can adapt to problem instances of different scales. In 50 customer examples, the difference between the algorithm and the standard value in this paper is 2.30%, which is 7.29% higher than C&S. Finally, the effectiveness of the grey prediction freight path optimization model was verified through a practical case simulation analysis, achieving a logistics cost savings of 9.73%.

A Review: A Comparative Study of Branded and Generic Anti- Diabetic Drugs

This comprehensive review investigates the market landscape of antihypertensive medications, undertaking a detailed comparative analysis of branded and generic options. In the face of rising global prevalence of hypertension, the study aims to provide a holistic perspective on the efficacy, safety, and market dynamics shaping the use of branded and generic drugs in the management of these chronic conditions. Utilizing data derived from market trends, sales analytics, and consumer preferences, the review scrutinizes the market behaviors and forces influencing the adoption of branded and generic antihypertensive drugs. Factors such as cost-effectiveness, patient adherence, and healthcare provider preferences are explored to shed light on the complexities associated with medication selection in the context of chronic disease management. Through an in-depth examination of industry strategies, regulatory frameworks, and the role of healthcare policies, the review aims to uncover the interplay between market dynamics and clinical considerations. It seeks to inform healthcare professionals, policymakers, and industry stakeholders about the evolving landscape of choices in antihypertensive therapies, fostering a nuanced understanding that can guide optimal decision-making in patient care and resource allocation.

A Review: A Comparative Study of Branded and Generic Anti-Hypertensive Drugs

This comprehensive review investigates the market landscape of antihypertensive medications, undertaking a detailed comparative analysis of branded and generic options. In the face of rising global prevalence of hypertension, the study aims to provide a holistic perspective on the efficacy, safety, and market dynamics shaping the use of branded and generic drugs in the management of these chronic conditions. Utilizing data derived from market trends, sales analytics, and consumer preferences, the review scrutinizes the market behaviors and forces influencing the adoption of branded and generic antihypertensive drugs. Factors such as cost-effectiveness, patient adherence, and healthcare provider preferences are explored to shed light on the complexities associated with medication selection in the context of chronic disease management. Through an in-depth examination of industry strategies, regulatory frameworks, and the role of healthcare policies, the review aims to uncover the interplay between market dynamics and clinical considerations. It seeks to inform healthcare professionals, policymakers, and industry stakeholders about the evolving landscape of choices in antihypertensive therapies, fostering a nuanced understanding that can guide optimal decision-making in patient care and resource allocation.

What’s in store for you? Identifying effective initiatives used in supermarkets to improve consumer purchasing: a systematic review

Supermarkets have been described as having unprecedented and disproportionate power in the food system, influencing population diets through the products they have for sale, their price, store layouts, and other marketing activities(1).There is growing evidence to suggest that changing the retail food environment to be more health-enabling via in-store interventions is possible. The purpose of this study was to review the available high-quality evidence reporting on the effectiveness of real-world supermarket-based interventions on improving the healthiness of consumer purchases and consumption. First, a systematic search across seven electronic databases was completed in April 2023 to identify reviews describing the effects of intervention strategies that aimed to improve the healthiness of consumer purchasing in supermarkets and grocery stores (overview of reviews). The methodological quality of reviews was assessed using the Risk of Bias In Systematic Reviews for systematic and scoping reviews, and the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles for narrative reviews. Review findings were synthesised narratively. Next, high-quality, primary studies from these reviews were further inspected (review of primary studies). In-store interventions were categorised by strategy type(2), and outcome effects were coded as effective (positive/promising), ineffective or mixed/unclear(3). Results were synthesised narratively, and separately for population subgroups. Thirty-eight reviews published between 1989 and 2023 met the inclusion criteria. Most were systematic reviews (n = 29, 76%). The number of primary studies included in reviews ranged between eight and 211. Prompting (n = 19, 50%) and pricing (n = 15, 40%) were the most assessed strategy type, either alone or in combination with another strategy. From the overview of reviews, pricing strategies appeared to be the most promising at improving consumer purchasing. Twenty-three high-quality primary studies met the inclusion criteria for further review. In most studies (n = 21, 91%), the goal was to increase sales of healthy products, most commonly fruit and vegetables, or products with a higher nutritional ranking. Only two studies (9%) aimed to exclusively reduce sales of unhealthy/less healthy products. Promotion was the most assessed strategy type (n = 11, 48%), either alone or in combination with another strategy. Common promotion strategies included providing education to customers about the health benefits of selected products, offering samples of products and giving food demonstrations. From the review of primary studies, promotional strategies used in combination with another strategy appeared to be most successful in the general population, and pricing was successful in subgroups of the population, including socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals, and those living in regional/remote areas. Overall, the evidence reviewed shows that the implementation of health-promoting supermarket interventions are more likely to be successful if they include a substantial pricing initiative (particularly for some subgroups), or the inclusion of promotion in combination with another strategy.