Market Principles Research Articles

Governmental neoliberal teacher professionalism: The constrained freedom of choice for teachers’ professional development

This study examines teachers' professional development (PD) decisions through the lens of governmental neoliberalism. Situated in the neoliberal paradigm of advancing free market ideals and principles, the study examines the paradox of teachers' constrained decisions in PD activities within the sociocultural context of Singapore. The findings help to illuminate some of the issues teachers face in PD decision-making. Recommendations are also discussed to enhance teachers’ autonomy for a governmentality to broaden education horizons.

Conceptual failure of post-Soviet integration

This work makes an attempt to retrospectively analyze and systematize the trade and political approaches and defining motives of the post-Soviet states in the formation of foreign economic relations. A systematic analysis of the emerging situation and the agreements signed in different years on joining various integration associations or international institutions allows us to state that the trade and political choice of the states in question was based on several factors, in particular: (a) geographical contiguity with more developed market economies; (b) a wish and need to obtain resources (financial, technological, managerial) and skills from a more developed economic entity. In cases where such an opportunity was not available, states were forced to adhere to a multi-vector foreign economic and foreign policy concept. As a result, the choice based on developed market principles and comparative competitive advantages, including geographic advantages, created conditions incompatible with new regional integration and contributed to a gradual disintegration within the previously created formats. Another important factor of regional disintegration was the desire of all independent states, including the Russian Federation, to become a part of the world economic system on common rules of functioning of international institutions, de facto responsible for the international division of labor and the global development of social and production relations. In theory, the obtained results mean that the economic integration in the post-Soviet space on the general principles of market economy functioning in the paradigm of the catch-up development model had no prospects, so it was mostly based on the socio-cultural and political principles, which were rapidly transformed due to the change of generations, as well as taking into account the development of world economy and technology. In practice, it means that in order to overcome the challenges that face the economy of Russia and institutionally associated EAEU member states, given their conceptual heterogeneity, approaches to overcoming the consequences of crisis phenomena should be conceptual rather than reactive and situational, and should be based on high-tech solutions.

The Six Value Of Socio-Ecopreuneur Lombok Eco Flea Market Untuk Pemberdayaan Petani Dan Pengrajin Lokal Di Kuta Lombok Tengah

Lombok Eco Free Market is a collaborative ecopreneur community located in Kuta Village, Central Lombok which provides a place to help and empower local farmers and craftspeople around Kuta, Central Lombok to develop businesses and improve their standard of living. In running its business Lombok Eco Flea Market uses 6 (six) principles as a branding strategy, namely: Empowering Women and Communities, Conscious Shopping or Fair Trade, Circular Economy, Earth Friendly Products, Local Wisdom and digital-marketing and is the main requirement for vendors who want to join the Lombok Eco Flea Market. These principles are in line with the policy of the West Nusa Tenggara Provincial government in the West Nusa Tenggara Provincial government's social safety net program, namely economic stimulus and recovery due to Covid-19 by defending and buying local products so that Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in West Nusa Tenggara Province can actively operate again . This research is a qualitative research that aims to analyze the six main principles of Lombok Eco Flea Market in realizing its mission to empower and improve the welfare of local farmers and craftsmen in Kuta, Central Lombok through ecopreneurs.

Sustainable Digital Marketing Model of Geoenergy Resources under Carbon Neutrality Target

Geoenergy resources are a new type of clean energy. Carbon neutralization and carbon peaking require significant system reform in the field of energy supply. As a clean, low-carbon, stable and continuous non carbon-based energy, geothermal energy can provide an important guarantee for achieving this goal. Different from the direct way of obtaining energy, ground energy indirectly obtains heat energy from shallow soil and surface water. The vigorous development of geoenergy resources under China’s carbon neutrality goal plays an important role in energy conservation and emission reduction. However, the current carbon trading market is not understood by the public. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the impact of geoenergy resources on promoting sustainable digital marketing models. Every country around the world is working hard to meet its carbon neutrality goal. This paper analyzed the economic goal of carbon neutrality by analyzing the principle of the carbon trading market. For this reason, this paper designed a carbon trading price prediction algorithm based on the BP neural network (BPNN), which can predict prices in the carbon trading market in order to promote the accurate push of the digital marketing model and finally drive ground energy resources to promote a sustainable digital marketing model. The experimental results of this paper have proved that the price error rate of the BPNN carbon trading price prediction algorithm designed in this paper was within 10%, which was about 20% smaller than the traditional multiple regression analysis algorithm. This proved that the algorithm in this paper has a good performance and can provide accurate information to allow the digital marketing model to achieve sustainable digital marketing.

Methods of Cadastral Assessment of Real Estate Objects

The article analyzes the improvement of the cadastral valuation system based on market principles and equal for all the procedure for allocating land plots, ensuring stability in property and legal relations in the field of land use and the need to carry out methods for calculating the cadastral value within the framework of the income approach.

The state-private hybrid forest policy in Myanmar: The impact of neoliberalism on the forestry sector after the 1990s

Changes in political orders, institutional rearrangements, global geopolitics, and environmental discourses shape public policy. After the 1990s, Myanmar has shifted from a centralized state (socialism) to a more decentralized state (neoliberalism). This study investigates the influence of neoliberalism on Myanmar's political economy and forest policy after the1990s. To this end, we employ a political ecology approach integrating with Marxist's political economy theory. We divide transitional periods into the military period (1988–2010) and the democratic transition period (2011−2020) and discuss how political economy change generated by “neoliberalization” in Myanmar has affected the forest sector. Myanmar has focused on developing local timber markets, dominated by privately-owned sawmills and timber processing factories after the 1990s. During both periods, the country has made progress in promoting marketization, the role of the private sector, and deregulation and voluntarism, in contrast with the internal timber industry under the so-called “Burmese Way of Socialism.” A state-private hybrid forest policy has emerged from the integration of neoliberal market principles with the state's stronghold timber extraction based on the 19th-century German forest principles of the Myanmar Selection System (MSS). This phenomenon implies the necessity to review the MSS combined with the 1995 forest policy.

The role of architects in initiating, sustaining and defending urban commons in mass housing estates: R-Urban in Grand Ensembles

This paper addresses aspects concerning the emergence of urban commons in mass housing estates in France. At a critical moment of societal crisis due to resources depletion and planetary Climate Change, urban commons can contribute and offer solutions to the complex process of transition towards more resilient forms of governance at different scales. In the context of mass housing estates built five decades ago, enabling the emergence of commons can be a resilient alternative to the current urban regeneration approaches. This process needs agencies and actors, and architects can play an important role. In order to provide an example in this sense, we take the case of R-Urban, a project initiated by atelier d'architecture autogérée as a commons-based network of civic resilience implemented in Parisian suburbs. The network consists of resilience hubs located in mass housing estates, which are collectively managed by inhabitants. The hubs function as forms of urban commons, constituting an alternative to the publicly funded équipments collectifs of the Grand Ensembles, the major mass housing program of a welfare government that started in the late 1950s and 1960s. As opposed to these équipments, the R-Urban hubs are self-managed, being run and funded mainly with civic contribution. The architects are not anymore top-down experts commissioned by the State, but have successively acted as initiators, designers, and co-managers of the project, sustaining the emergence of those urban commons through diverse local alliances. However, in a political context in which the welfare principles have been replaced by market principles (often sustained by the State), keeping this role for architects is a challenge.

Necessity of Pressure-free Time at Work—Historical Consideration—

Many developed countries, including Japan, have capitalist economies based on market principles. In capitalism, businesses try to develop new products and increase their added value, and expand the market in order to generate new profits. Owing to the universalization of capitalist efficiency, our daily lives are becoming condensed to only the necessary things in life. In addition, the advancement of science and technology, which is the driving force behind the expansion of profits, has forced people to become obsessed with new technology and information, and as a result, we have also lost our mental comfort. In this paper, first, we explain the time required to secure the energy necessary for human survival throughout human history. Second, we describe labor productivity with the emergence and development of capitalism. Third, we explain the difference between essential time and pressure-free time, and consider the necessity of pressure-free time during working hours. Finally, we discuss the relationships among pressure-free time, presenteeism, and work engagement.

Simulation-Based IoT Stream Data Pricing Incorporating Seller Competition and Buyer Demands

The concept of sensor clouds has been populated for utilizing data from massive amount of IoT devices. In the sensor cloud, a large number of sensors and users are connected and sensor data are traded among them. A number of market frameworks for such data ecosystems have been proposed so far, most of which assumes multiple stakeholders and coordinates their interests using techniques such as the traditional economic theory and game theory. However, because of the duplicability of IoT data, designing a natural pricing scheme based directly on market principles, such as the balance between seller competition and consumer demands, is still a challenge. In this paper, we propose a new pricing scheme for IoT stream data, where prices are determined by the balance between seller competition and consumer demand. Unlike conventional methods, our method is based on simulation. By simulating the market and sellers’ pricing behaviors on the broker’s platform, fair pricing is achieved without causing undesirable phenomena such as price wars. The evaluation results show that the proposed pricing method has desirable characteristics for an IoT data market.

Respecting the principles of competition and consumer protection in liquidation sales: a comparative study

This article discusses the most relevant restrictions placed upon liquidation sales to respect the principles of competition, while avoiding involvement in anti-competitive practices, mainly as liquidations involve the reduction of the prices of goods. Additionally, the article discusses the assurances placed when obtaining authorisation for liquidation sales that seek to protect consumer rights, concluding with a description of the research's most important results and recommendations. Its connection and impact not only impact the realm of consumer protection, but are also relevant to the principles of fair market competition. The significant effects on consumers' freedom to exercise their right to choose freely and transparently without any restrictions while laying safeguards to protect consumers within the principles of free market, are also discussed The paper aims is examine the legal framework of liquidation sales in the legal systems of the countries understudy and its impact on consumers interests the precautions and safeguards within the legal systems understudy.

ЕДИНЫЙ РЫНОК ЕВРАЗИЙСКОГО ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО СОЮЗА: DE JURE, DE FACTO, DE LEGE FERENDA

Introduction: according to Article 4 of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union, one of the main objectives of the EAEU is to strive for the formation of a common market of goods, services, capital, and labor resources within the Union. The program documents of the EAEU pay considerable attention to this, and the fundamental areas of the Union's activities are related to the functioning of the single mar-ket. Purpose: the research is devoted to the assessment of the current legal regulation of the common (single, internal) market of the EAEU and trends in its development. The authors aim to explain the ter-minological differences, determine the state of the single market de jure, identify de facto regulatory and organizational challenges, and, accordingly, outline the prospects de lege ferenda. Methods: general scientific methods of formal logic and dialectics, the method of system analysis and synthesis, economic analysis of law, comparative legal, and legal-technical methods. Results: the single market of an integra-tion association is an interstate space in which the barrier function of customs borders is abolished and any obstacles to mutual trade are eliminated. Traditionally, the basic conditions for a common market include freedom of movement of goods, services, capital, and labor. Modern challenges and technologies of development expand traditional approaches, today the ‘fifth freedom’ of the market comes to the fore – the freedom of movement of digital and information resources in the regional association. The role of positive integration methods, aimed at the active formation of common market conditions, is also in-creasing. Conclusions: the authors identify differences in terminology with respect to the common (sin-gle) and internal market in the EAEU law taking into account comparative characteristics and come to the conclusion about the importance of the following: formation of an updated concept of a single mar-ket of development resources, with a focus on innovation and human capital; uniform approaches in le-gal understanding and enshrinement of categories and principles of the common market; intensified re-moval of barriers and introduction of new legal instruments of the internal market within the Union for the purpose of advanced development.

A Joint Optimization Algorithm for Renewable Energy System

Energy sustainability is a hot topic in both scientific and political circles. To date, two alternative approaches to this issue are being taken. Some people believe that increasing power consumption is necessary for countries’ economic and social progress, while others are more concerned with maintaining carbon consumption under set limitations. To establish a secure, sustainable, and economical energy system while mitigating the consequences of climate change, most governments are currently pushing renewable growth policies. Energy markets are meant to provide consumers with dependable electricity at the lowest possible cost. A profit-maximization optimal decision model is created in the electric power market with the combined wind, solar units, loads, and energy storage systems, based on the bidding mechanism in the electricity market and operational principles. This model utterly considers the technological limits of new energy units and storages, as well as the involvement of new energy and electric vehicles in market bidding through power generation strategy and the output arrangement of the virtual power plant’s coordinated operation. The accuracy and validity of the optimal decision-making model of combined wind, solar units, loads, and energy storage systems are validated using numerical examples. Under multi-operating scenarios, the effects of renewable energy output changes on joint system bidding techniques are compared.

THE CHINESE ECONOMY: BETWEEN ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AND US OPPOSITION

Over the past four decades, China was Able to Carry out Comprehensive Reforms in the Political, Economic and Cultural Fields that were Characterized by Gradualness and Adaptation to the Circumstances and Capabilities of the Country and its Own needs. It was Able to Build a Hybrid Economic Model Between the Planning Principles Emanating from its Communist Beliefs and the Market Principles Emanating from its Future Aspirations. This was its First Step in the Process of Economic Reform, which Reflected its Position on the Map of Global Political and Economic Relations, and a Number of Developing Countries Expressed their Hope that China Would Transfer its Economic Experience to their Societies, Especially Since China is Interested in Promoting its Goods and Services Regardless of the Regime and its Affiliations. This Made it a More Attractive Option for Many Developing Countries and Authoritarian Regimes that do not want to Interfere in their Internal Affairs and at the Same Time favor obtaining the highest foreign investments. On the other hand, this success posed a threat to the economic interests of many capitalist countries, especially the United States The United States, which caused tension and turmoil in international trade relations, so the regime change that My neighbor, imposed by the rise of China while achieving its benefits, has created regional and international conflicts

ULOGA MASMEDIJSKE KOMUNIKACIJE U TRANSFERU ZNANjA OSNOVNOŠKOLSKE DECE

The paper deals with the role of media in education and socialization of elementary school children, that is, with a specific type of transfer that is acquired through alternative forms of learning, especially through television as a medium. Apart from the process of education, the focus of the paper is on the process of socialization of primary school children, because television as a medium and media in general affect behavior, hab- its, emotional development, and social relations of children and youth. The research problem is related to children’s preferences in choosing media contents and their parents’ role in this process. The basic hypothesis of the research is that the role of mass media, specially television, in the transfer of knowledge of elementary school children is significant. Within the framework of specific hypotheses, the existence of both positive and negative effects of the transfer of knowledge acquired through media on the socialization of elementary school children was assumed, as well as the fact that parents have a significant role in the process. A combined method was used in the research: quantitative survey research and quali- tative focus group research. The survey sample of 246 respondents included children from two schools, one rural and one urban (64 from each school), and parents from one rural and one urban schools (58 from both schools). The focus group sample consisted of two groups of parents from these schools (eight from the rural school and ten from the urban one). Techniques of descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis of respondents’ answers were used to process the obtained data. The results of the research showed that the role of mass media communication in the transfer of knowledge is significant for the socialization of children, but also that the role of media (television) is less pronounced when it comes to the education of children, because children are more focused on the entertainment content. The lack of restrictions in media industry and the introduction of the market principle as media regulatory mechanism was expected to be sufficient for achieving the public interest; however, the educational role of media was neglected at the expense of the entertainment role, which becomes a profit generator. Hence, the children’s choice of TV programs can be assumed to be caused by the lack of production-designed educational programs in commercial media, intended for children. The fact that almost half of the children involved in the research (attending higher grades of elementary school) watch educational documentaries on foreign channels shows that there is interest in educational programs; however, younger children are not able to follow complex formats, therefore the content needs to be simplified and made suitable for different ages. In addition, the contents should be selected in such a way that they correlate with school curricula.

Do institutions matter for entrepreneurial development?

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the differing impact of institutions on entrepreneurship development is undeniable. Several post-Soviet countries benefitted from early international integration by joining the EU, adopting the euro, and becoming OECD members. This process enabled entrepreneurship to develop within institutional contexts where democratic and free market principles were strengthened. In general, however, post-Soviet economies continue to be characterized by higher levels of corruption, complex business regulations, weak rule of law, uncertain property rights and often, lack of political will for institutional change.

Behaviors associated with seeking medical care from surgical patients with different levels of disposable income

The purpose of the study: to analyze behavioral patterns associated with seeking medical care for surgical patients with different levels of disposable income. Materials and methods. Disposable income was calculated as the sum of the income of each household member in monetary terms. This amount was calculated as the average monthly income in a family (household) per each of its members, regardless of their personal income. The household was considered as an economic category – a set of people running a joint household, within which market principles of the distribution of economic benefits do not apply. The first (main) group included respondents whose average monthly disposable income was no more than 30 thousand rubles (low level of disposable income). The second (control) group included respondents whose average monthly disposable income was more than 30 thousand rubles (a high level of disposable income). The numerical composition of the main group was 249 people, the control group 253 people. The groups were comparable in demographic characteristics. When assessing the reliability of the differences, the nonparametric criterion ꭕ2 was used. The reliability of the denial of the "null" hypothesis was accepted at the level of 95%. The strength of the dependence was estimated by the value of the Ка association coefficient. Results. The frequency of registration of an active behavior model in terms of seeking medical help is more common in the group of patients with a high level of disposable income, however, the most common form of behavior was delaying the moment of treatment and the frequency of using this approach did not depend on the level of disposable income. Uncertainty of behavior was more common among patients with low disposable income. Patients with a higher income level are more likely to comply with the doctor's recommendations, while patients with lower incomes fully comply with them less often. The use of self-medication is a widespread model of behavior among surgical patients, however, patients with a higher level of disposable income more often refuse to use it and less often use it in an obligate mode in comparison with patients whose disposable income is lower than the value used as a separation criterion for the purposes of this study.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРОЕКТНОГО ФІНАНСУВАННЯ ДЛЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ГОТЕЛЬНОГО І РЕСТОРАННОГО БІЗНЕСУ В УМОВАХ ЕВРОІНТЕГРАЦІЇ

The article examines project financing as a separate type of activity of credit institutions involved in the organization of financing hotel investment projects. The systematization of the world experience in the development of project financing made it possible to highlight the fundamental principles of project financing in relation to the hotel business. The principle of increased risk. Any project, the financing of which is carried out based on future cash flows, involves the distribution of risks among the maximum number of participants. The principle of adequate debt coverage. Compliance with this principle by the capital provider is based on the debt coverage ratio, which is determined by the ratio of expected revenues from project implementation to the total amount of debt. The principle of market viability of the project. The market principle requires a credit institution to conduct a detailed analysis of the market situation when concluding a credit agreement. Such market analysis is carried out in order to determine the dynamics of prices and demand for the period of operation of the hotel. The principle of limited liability of the client. According to it, the repayment of the debt occurs from the income from the implementation of the project, and the responsibility of the project initiator is determined by its own contribution. The principle of investment guarantee. A guarantee in project financing means an unconditional obligation to transfer the specified funds to the capital provider (usually a bank) in the event of a guarantee event. The purpose of this type of guarantee is to insure the debt obligations of the hotel project throughout its life cycle. The principle of debt repayment. This principle means that project financing will require unconditional repayment of funds according to the schedule. The principle of high financial leverage. This principle of project financing is based on maintaining a high ratio between own and borrowed funds. Such a scheme allows obtaining a number of advantages in the form of tax benefits, ensures the most effective use of credit instruments at each stage and contributes to the increase in the value of shares of project participants as a result of the completion of each sub-project and the commissioning of new hotels.

Ways to achieve water economy in the application of water-saving technologies against irrigation erosion in hilly lands

In order to ensure sustainable water supply to the population and all sectors of the economy in 2020-2030, to improve the reclamation of irrigated lands, to widely introduce market principles and mechanisms and digital technologies in water management, to ensure reliable operation of water facilities and increase land and water resources efficiency At the initiative of President Sh. Mirziyoyev, the main goal is to supply every drop of water on the basis of the normative limit for crops. Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PP-4499 of October 25, 2019 “On measures to expand mechanisms to encourage the introduction of water-saving technologies in agriculture” and the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated July 10, 2020”. The application of irrigation technologies in the hills is effective, irrigation is carried out on the basis of modern technology, measures to combat irrigation erosion are identified. Therefore, ways to prevent leaching of the fertile layer of soil in water-saving technologies have been studied in this article. These experiments were carried out on the farm “Umid” Zangiota district, Tashkent region, using water-saving technologies to increase the efficiency of grain crops on hilly lands, in 2019-2021 on the area of irrigation erosion. In order to increase grain yield, 100 m, 150 m, 200 m long fields were irrigated with zigzag furrows using K-9 polymer. professor Qambarov B.F., t.f.d. Professor Baraev F.A. Based on the recommendations, 8-factor experiments were conducted to prevent leaching of the fertile layer of soil. Yields increased from 30-35 quintals to 60-68 quintals. The number of swimmers has decreased by 5-6 compared to the previous one. Development of the effectiveness of engineering technology to protect the active layer of the soil from irrigation erosion. The main goal is to prevent the washing of the active layer of soil by the use of water-saving anti-erosion technologies (zig-zag), water-saving K-9 polymer in typical gray soils with old irrigated erosion, as well as high-quality grain from winter wheat “Kroshka”. The main purpose of the application of new technologies to protect the soil from irrigation erosion is to prevent the erosion of the fertile layer of the soil, to improve the water regime, to maintain the water regime, to determine the period of active root irrigation and, above all, grain irrigation.

A visão da grande mídia sobre a revolução Fintech

Abstract International mainstream media have presented fintech as revolutionary and a threat to the traditional banking industry. This article explores how that image is constructed. Designed to expand access to the banking system, fintechs should follow social responsibility parameters and fill a market gap left by banks. We chose to analyze the media for its character as a barometer of perception and understanding of specific logics (LOK, 2010). We analyzed articles from the New York Times and the Financial Times for 24 months. The articles showed that the media, when dealing with fintech, uses expressions such as “threat”, “competition”, “disruption”, “revolution,” and, with much less emphasis, social consequences. Our analysis found an ambiguous discourse of market rationalization in an attempt to align practices with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in an industry under construction.

PARTNERSHIP AS A SPECIFIC FORM OF BUSINESS INTEGRATION

The article defines the content of current views on business integration. The goal of the article is to study the theoretical aspects of formation integrated business structures, based on partner integration model of interaction. Integration is considered as an integrated structure or set of enterprises) functioning as a uniform system and have a common objective of management and are able to win and hold a considerable share of the market and thus provides the increasing of revenue and improvement financial stability of the structure. The role of integrated business structures based on the market principles of management in modern economic conditions in connection with implementation of public sector regulation is increasing. The question of determining the nature of integration interaction during formation of integrated business structures, taking into account current market realities, is considered. The integration processes increase the confidence among economic agents which take part in a one living space and share by relevant information. Partnership is defined as documentary issued cooperation of participants, which is formed for achievement of a common goal, by combining resources and efforts in the conditions of information openness, also it is a specific form of interaction can be created as one investment project and a prospect by conclusion of the partnership agreements, gradually forming a complete integration of the participants. Theoretical aspects of integrated business structures based on a partnership model of interaction and the relevance of the partnership as a specific form of business integration are proved. The levels of partnership are introduced. The first level - Partnership is a form of business organization registered more natural or legal persons, the second - a form of cooperation mostly legal entities, not enshrined in the statutes, but actually supported. Integration and partnership aren’t synonyms despite their relationship and interrelation of concepts. As a generalization of different views it is possible to claim that integration is a voluntary association of two or more earlier independent subjects of business by establishment between them the various types and forms relations for achievement of multiple goals by cooperation of each the united subjects.