Oil Products Market Research Articles

ҚАЗАҚСТАН РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫ МҰНАЙ-ХИМИЯ САЛАСЫНЫҢ ЕРЕКШЕЛІКТЕРІ ЖӘНЕ ОНЫҢ БӘСЕКЕГЕ ҚАБІЛЕТТІЛІГІН БАҒАЛАУ

The petrochemical market is a necessary element of resource supply for all sectors of the economy. The petrochemical market is a necessary element of resource supply for all sectors of the economy. In its development, petrochemicals are ahead of related industries, such as oil production and refining. Even today, the volume of sales in monetary terms significantly exceeds the volume of sales of oil or petroleum products. In the future, the global petrochemical market will continue to grow faster than the oil and petroleum products market. The annual growth of the production rate of multi-tonnage plastics is expected to reach 5% by 2023, and the production of polyester fibers-6%. At the same time, the growth rate of oil demand, according to the Energy Information Agency (USA), will be 1.7% per year, including in developed countries – about 1% per year. The petrochemical industry is characterized by rapid development of scientific and technological progress, increasing the efficiency of public production. Even today, the volume of sales in monetary terms significantly exceeds the volume of sales of oil or petroleum products. In the future, the global petrochemical market will continue to grow faster than the oil and petroleum products market. The annual growth of the production rate of multi-tonnage plastics is expected to reach 5% by 2023, and the production of polyester fibers-6%. At the same time, the growth rate of oil demand, according to the Energy Information Agency (USA), will be 1.7% per year, including in developed countries – about 1% per year. The petrochemical industry is characterized by rapid development of scientific and technological progress, increasing the efficiency of public production.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ОПОДАТКУВАННЯ АКЦИЗНИМ ПОДАТКОМ ПАЛЬНОГО В УКРАЇНІ

В умовах критичної залежності вітчизняного ринку нафтопродуктів від постачань імпортного палива, зростання попиту та цін на ринку нафтопродуктів в Україні питання удосконалення оподаткування імпортних операцій із вказаними товарами залишаються актуальними і потребують додаткового вивчення. Залежність від імпорту газу і нафти негативно впливає на стан вітчизняної економіки та несе загрозу енергетичній безпеці держави.
 Досліджено особливості акцизного оподаткування пального в Україні. Проаналізовано способи попередження порушень митного і податкового законодавства під час ввезення на митну територію України нафтопродуктів та товарів, що можуть використовуватися при незаконному виробництві автомобільного двигунного пального.
 Обгрунтовано необхідність вивчення і впровадження позитивного досвіду країн ЄС щодо диференціації ставок акцизного податку на пальне за певними критеріями для підвищення якості нафтопродуктів і регулювання негативного впливу від споживання нафтопродуктів на навколишнє природне середовище. Запропоновано застосування флуоресцентних хімічних добавок (євромаркерів, податкових маркерів тощо) з метою забезпечення цілісного контролю за обігом нафтопродуктів, попередження ухилення від сплати податків. Досліджено необхідність установлення визначеного переліку продуктів нафтохімічної і хімічної промисловості, які можуть використовуватись як сировина для виробництва автомобільного двигунного пального з відповідним розширенням і включенням їх до переліку підакцизних товарів.
 Наведено приклад вдалого регулювання ринку нафтопродуктів за рахунок зараховування до бюджетів місцевого самоврядування надходжень від акцизного податку за роздрібний продаж пального через автозаправні станції, що сприятиме удосконаленню механізму зарахування акцизного податку з пального до місцевих бюджетів і підвищенню зацікавленості органів місцевого самоврядування в Україні в його адмініструванні.

Классификация угроз экономической безопасности развития нефтяной отрасли

Subject/topic. The article is devoted to the methodology of ensuring the economic security of the oil industry and the sustainable development of the oil and petroleum products market. The subject of the study is the analysis of threats to the industry market and the grounds for their classification. Goals/objectives. Based on the analysis of threats to Russia's economic security in the oil sector, it is possible to identify existing approaches to their classification and justify the need for a systematic approach to the sustainable development of the oil industry, the oil and petroleum products market. Methodology. The methodological basis of the article consists of general scientific methods-synthesis, deduction. In the course of the study of threats to the development of the oil industry, event-based and economic-legal analysis, as well as expert, structural and statistical analysis were applied. Results. The article analyzes various conditions and factors that create the possibility of causing damage to the oil industry of the Russian Federation. Based on expert analysis, available strategic planning documents in the field of ensuring national, economic and energy security, macroeconomic data on the oil and petroleum products market and scientific publications in the field of development of the domestic oil industry, the author's proposals are presented, specifically recommendations for identifying and systematizing threats to the economic security of the oil industry and the sustainable development of the oil and petroleum products market in order to conduct a balanced state policy and implement national interests in relation to the oil industry. Conclusions/significance. The novelty consists in the formulation of the concepts of «threat», «challenge» and «risk» and their distinctive features; in identifying the grounds for classifying threats in the oil sphere of relations. As a result of the study, the grounds for classification were proposed according to the source of the impact, depending on the operating conditions of the oil sector, the nature of the threat, depending on the scope of their implementation, and the scale of the impact of the threats. Application. The results of the study can be applied in practical terms when making managerial decisions by officials of state authorities on the implementation of the state's economic policy for the sustainable development of the oil industry.

TRANSFORMATION OF PERSONNEL POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONNEL POTENTIAL AT OIL AND GAS PRODUCING ENTERPRISES

Currently, the pace of development of the oil industry requires a high return from the personnel service in the development of personnel at the enterprise. To work effectively and maintain high positions in the oil production market, oil companies need real professionals. For the successful development of enterprises, it is important to conduct an effective personnel policy. The content of the personnel policy is related to providing the enterprise with highly qualified personnel, personnel development, organization improvement and labor stimulation [1]. The problems of personnel policy and stimulation of labor productivity, assessment of human potential and other issues related to well-being and motivation for labor relations have been considered by many authors, and they are largely theoretical in nature and reflect various research paradigms of the development of the world economy.In particular, E.B. Isakulov, S.M. Kopkin, V.P. Gorshenin, A.G. Gribov, Z.D. Lobachev, L.I. Lukicheva and others, consider the personnel potential of an enterprise from the perspective of certain components, in which they address the issues of the role and place of a person in modern society, socio-psychological diagnostics and personnel certification in improving personnel policy, the effectiveness of their use and personnel management.

ПЛАТФОРМА ПРИКЛАДНОГО АНАЛИЗА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ КЛИЕНТОВ ВИНК КАК СРЕДА ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА

In the article, the author examines the possibilities of digital platforms for analyzing applied data on the oil products market using the example of a vertically integrated oil company (VOC). The subject of the research is an information and communication platform for applied analysis of big data in an artificial intelligence environment.

Ринок нафти та нафтопродуктів в Україні

The purpose of the article is to study the market of oil and oil products in Ukraine, its role in the functioning of agriculture and identify ways to improve. Research methods. Methods used: system analysis and generalization (to study and generalize the energy dependence of Ukraine); statistical (to display the situation on the oil and oil products market in quantitative terms through a system of absolute and relative indicators); analysis of the series of dynamics, structural shifts (to analyze and identify trends in the indicators of the oil and oil products market); comparison (comparison of economic indicators); graphic (visual display of research results in the form of graphs). Research results. The essence and features of the Ukrainian market are revealed, a statistical analysis of trends in the development of the oil and oil products market is carried out, factors influencing the trend of the domestic market are identified and the mechanism of their interaction is clarified. The assessment of the current level of oil independence of Ukraine is carried out. Scientific novelty. The necessity of state support in terms of restoring the competitiveness of the domestic oil refining industry, diversifying the supply of petroleum products to the Ukrainian market and maintaining the share of domestically produced petroleum products at the level of 50% of the consumption volume, as well as reducing the share of other suppliers (importers) to 30% in the total balance has been substantiated. Practical significance. The analysis made it possible to identify destabilizing factors in the oil and oil products market, determine the need for systemic changes in the market functioning model and create conditions for increasing the competitiveness of domestic oil products in the Ukrainian market, create conditions for promoting and stimulating the development of the oil refining industry to weaken the reliability of imports of oil products. Tabl.: 2. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 18.

OIL PRODUCT MARKET TRENDS AND FORECASTS

The purpose of the research. The relevance of the article is due to the decline in the consumption of petroleum products in the world and in Russia in particular, as well as changes in the structure of demand for petroleum products. The crisis related to the COVID-19 factor had a significant impact on the oil and petroleum products market. Consequently, this article is aimed at identifying the prospects for the development of the oil product market. Results. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the analysis of current indicators of the oil product market, which allows a comprehensive review of current market trends and prospects for its development. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that in 2020, the volume of primary processing is expected to decrease, which will not suffer as much as the production of crude oil. However, all markets are expected to recover in 2021. It should be noted that the production of products aimed at the domestic market (automobile gasoline and diesel fuel) has increased in recent years. Fuel oil and gas oil production, which is export-oriented, decreased compared to 2014. Exports of petroleum products such as motor gasoline, diesel fuel, bitumen, and vacuum gas oil have not changed significantly over the past few years, while exports of fuel oil have declined significantly. The reduction in production and export of fuel oil is associated with a drop in the attractiveness of fuel oil exports as a result of an increase in export duties. In the future, diesel fuel production and exports are projected to increase, while fuel oil production and exports will continue to decline. The article has a practical value for companies working in the oil refining industry, public and private investors.

Review of the 146<sup>th</sup> meeting of the Dispute club “Economic Policy Knots” of the Association of the Russian Economic Think Tanks on the Topic “When will Oil Market go up again?”

The work is devoted to a review of the results of the 145rd meeting of the Dispute Club “Eco- nomic Policy Knots” of the Association of Russian Economic Think Tanks (hereinafter referred to as ARETT) on the topic "Oil market – when is it up again?". The purpose of the event was to discuss the situation in the oil and oil products market, as well as the prospects for the development of this mar- ket. The disputants were Mikhail Krutikhin, partner of the RusEnergy consulting agency, and Alex- ander Kurdin, Deputy Dean for Science of the Faculty of Economics of Moscow State University and head of research in the Department for Energy and Utilities of the Analytical Center for the Govern- ment of the Russian Federation. The review presents the key ideas of the disputants, and also sum- marizes the main results of their answers to questions.

ANALYSIS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL ENERGY INTEGRATION OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION COUNTRIES

In the presented paper, it is proved that a new objective trend appears in the current conditions of Eurasian region development. It will strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries of Eurasia and it will enrich regionalization process in the context of world energy markets restructuring, intensification of competition, deglobalization tendencies and other challenges of the world economy. At the same time, fuel and energy complex (FEC) is becoming the main driving force for the countries of Eurasian region and their further development. The concept of regional energy integration of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) countries is offered in the paper. It's based on the strategic advantages of economic integration in relation to the fuel and energy complex. Energy potential analysis of the EAEU member countries is performed. The issues of common energy markets formation in the region are considered. The main problems and a number of uncoordinated tasks between the countries participating in integrational process in this area are highlighted in terms of common gas, oil and oil products market formation, although it is noted that development and approval stage of the Programs for such formation is mostly completed. It is expected that these markets will be fully formed by 2025. It was emphasized that energy integration is one of the most important areas for the EAEU countries development, which is expected to bring significant economic benefits in the long-term period.Keywords: regional energy integration, common energy markets, energy potential, the Eurasian Economic Union (the EAEU).JEL Classifications: F02, F63, O13DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.9806

Problems of financing of technological innovation in oil production market

The article presents the results of the study of pricing problems in the world oil market in terms of dependence of the oil supply on the state of oil production companies. The authors attempted to examine the degree of dependence of oil production on such factors as the number of enterprises in the industry, average annual number of staff in them, production drilling volume, average daily production rate per well, degree of wear of fixed assets of companies, the number of commissioned production facilities, renewal of fixed assents of companies, profitability level, business activity of the enterprises in the industry. The study is based on the data characterizing the development of oil market within a relatively steady period. The global oil market is a delicate exchange market mechanism sensitive to changes in pricing trends in global commodity and financial markets. World oil pricing trends depend on many political, economic, seasonal, regional factors as well as the situation with the tanker fleet, etc. The aggravation of the crisis and expectations of businesses about the future dynamics of global oil prices impact currency exchange rates, stock quotes, retail and wholesale prices. The COVID-19 pandemics caused decrease in manufacturing and other economic activity which determine oil export volumes. The current situation forces most of oil cartel countries to reduce quotes. The state of oil production industry, supply and demand relation, stabilization of oil prices remain the key aspects of pricing in the oil market.

Liquid hydrocarbon flow meters calibration with high flow and viscosity: Conceptual design of a new facility

The oil and natural gas production market is heavily regulated with specifications that are almost always defined and valid for each producing country. In all the focus is to ensure accurate and complete results in volumes produced but with specificities of each location. In Brazil this regulation was created in the year 2000 (Joint Ordinance No. 001 between the National Petroleum Agency - ANP and the National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology - INMETRO) and in the 2013 review it was specified that liquid hydrocarbon flow meters should be calibrated with fluid under the conditions closest to those found in the operation considering density, viscosity, flow, pressure and temperature. However, the type of oil produced in Brazilian fields typically has high viscosity and there is an additional aspect due to the use of FPSO (Floating Production Storage and Offloading) type production platforms: flow to tankers occurs at high flow rates. There are several restrictions in laboratories worldwide to meet these conditions (high viscosity with high flow) and so the purpose of this paper is to present a proposal that technically meets the conditions imposed by Brazilian regulations and that will serve as a reference for operations in other similar fields. The project considers the laboratory should be able to perform calibrations up to 3200 m^3/h, oil densities above 0.88, with flexibility for changing calibration fluid, pressure and temperature control and viscosities up to 700 cP. To this end, a broad evaluation was carried out with solution providers and a research group within the university to technical support

СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ОЛІЙНО-ЖИРОВОЇ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ УКРАЇНІ

The article considers the current state and trends of the oil and fat industry enterprises of Ukraine. The peculiarities of the industry were determined, among which, first of all, the high level of concentration of production. More than half of the industry's production capacity is accounted for by large industrial groups and their share in the total production volume is constantly increasing. The industry is characterized by the use of resource-saving technologies, a high level of competition, export orientation of enterprises. The reasons that attract investors to invest in the creation of new oil production enterprises in Ukraine were investigated. The dynamics of the volume of oilseed processing by Ukrainian oil processing enterprises by types of oilseeds for the period 2013–2019 was calculated and a forecast of the total volume of oilseed processing for 2021 was built. Verification of the calculated forecast showed that an increase in oilseed processing should be expected. A mathematical method of trend equalization was used to smooth the effect of fluctuations. The trend was aligned by a linear equation. An analysis of the oil products market was conducted. The problems faced by oil companies in the current conditions of high competition in the market of oil products were studied. The shortage of oil raw materials and, as a consequence, the low level of capacity utilization, unsatisfactory technical condition of enterprises and problems of quality of final products are identified as the main ones. Diagnosis of the rate of renewal of the active part of fixed assets in the oil and fat industry has shown that it is low and the share of worn-out equipment exceeds 70%. Some equipment has been in operation for more than 20 years. The financial results of 34 enterprises of the oil and fat industry were investigated. The margin between the maximum level of profitability and unprofitability of operating activities exceeds 120 percentage points. The reasons for this have been clarified. the directions of possible improvement of financial results of activity of the investigated enterprises were outlined. In general, the study concludes that to maintain Ukraine's leading position in the world oil market requires improvement of organizational, economic, technical, technological, informational and innovative support of enterprises in the industry, as well as a significant improvement in oil quality and compliance with European and world standards.

Functioning and development of the domestic market of oil and fat products of Uzbekistan

The effective development of oil and fat products in Uzbekistan, as part of the food market, is a necessary factor in food security. Uzbekistan as a whole fully provides itself with vegetable oil and is its major exporter. The advantage of Uzbekistan is that, in fact, its entire territory is suitable for growing oilseeds, food security.

Влияние рынка и ценообразования нефти и нефтепродуктов на экономику России

Предмет/тема. Предметом исследования выступает анализ отраслевого рынка и принципов ценообразования нефти и нефтепродуктов с учетом современных тенденций в условиях коронавируса и как следствие экономического спада. Цели/задачи. Автор статьи, используя многочисленные статистические источники, мнения экспертов нефтяного рынка, наработки ученых в области ценообразования на нефтяном рынке, проанализировал зависимость экономики России от рынка нефти и нефтепродуктов. Методология. Методологическую основу статьи составили современные достижения теории познания. В процессе исследования был применен событийный и экономико-статистический анализ, методология системного анализа, а также экспертный и структурный анализ. Результаты. В статье проанализированы статистические данные нефтегазовых доходов в бюджет России, зависимость валового внутреннего продукта России от мировых и внутренних цен на нефть и нефтепродукты. На основе экспертного анализа, имеющихся макроэкономических данных и научных публикаций в области ценообразования на нефтяном рынке приведены авторские взгляды – рекомендации для проведения взвешенной государственной политики. Выводы/значимость. Новизна статьи состоит в формулировании предложений по ценообразованию на нефтяном рынке с целью его стабилизации и устойчивого экономического развития страны. В результате исследования были выявлены зависимости: между мировыми ценами на нефть и доходной частью федерального бюджета, между среднегодовой ценой на нефть и валовым внутренним продуктом. Автор статьи обосновывает необходимость пересмотра политики государства на нефтяном рынке с учетом тенденций развития технологий возобновляемых источников энергии, решения глобальных экологических проблем. Применение. Результаты исследования могут получить практическое применение при принятии управленческих решений должностными лицами органов государственной власти по реализации экономической политики государства на нефтяном рынке.

COMPETITION IN THE WORLD OIL AND NATURAL GAS MARKETS

This article discusses the features of the development of the oil and gas markets. The latest trends and problems associated with the extraction and sale of energy resources are analyzed in detail. After analyzing the essence of the main problem sectors, we can conclude that the oil and gas products market is currently facing three main strategies, namely, increasing fossil fuel production, diversification and reorientation to renewable sources

ЕКОНОМІКА МАЛОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА НА РИНКУ НАФТОПЕРЕРОБНИХ ПРОДУКТІВ У КОРОТКОСТРОКОВОМУ ПЕРІОДІ

The economic and diagnostic analysis of a small business trading enterprise that operates on the market of oil and fuel raw materials in the Zaporizhzhia region was conducted. Trade is one of the most important branches of the economy in which products are selling to consumers, and it does not matter how and where exactly goods or services are selling. Effective dynamic development of individual trade enterprises is very important for the development of the economy of Ukraine as a whole. The resource and consumer market is one of the sectors of the domestic economy that is developing most dynamically. It solves socially important tasks of providing enterprises with raw materials, and the population with goods and services in the future. The degree of its development significantly affects not only the overall development of the economy, but also the state of production and the quality of life of the population. This statement can be fully attributed to the market of oil products and diesel fuel. The microenterprise that we are investigating is a full-fledged participant of it. The key sector of this market is the trade in refined oil products, fuels and other goods, which currently provide a significant part of the country's tax revenue. This is what determines the relevance of diagnostics of a commercial enterprise that operates on the market of the oil refining industry. In the course of the research, the economic and organizational foundations of the enterprise's functioning, including relationships with suppliers and consumers, were thoroughly analyzed. The economic analysis of the company's performance indicators over the past two years, in particular, the financial and economic results of its activities, was carried out. Price analysis of purchases and sales was performed. A review of the commodity and geographical structure of product turnover was also conducted. The further prospects of the company's development were substantiated, including the forecast of price and profit dynamics for the short-term period. As measures to improve the efficiency of microenterprise development in the short term, the sale of natural gas (which is a new promising direction of business development at the regional level) and the introduction of advertising mechanisms were proposed.

Big data visualization of the quantification of influencing factors and key monitoring indicators in the refined oil products market based on fuzzy mathematics

In this paper, an in-depth study on the quantification of influencing factors and big data visualization of key monitoring indicators in the refined oil products market is carried out through fuzzy mathematical methods, and a system for quantifying influencing factors and big data visualization of key monitoring indicators in the refined oil products market with the fuzzy mathematical background is designed and implemented. The system realizes the functions of flow visualization, attack visualization, target tracking visualization, etc., and optimizes the system from the perspectives of performance and visualization effect. It achieves the display and interaction of multi-dimensional data in space and time with multiple views, angles, and dimensions. Data tagging and data correlation for key aspects of the product production process are realized through fuzzy mathematics and other means, and a quality traceability system for the manufacturing industry is realized on this basis, through which the data of some key stages of the product production process can be displayed retrospectively. The study proves that the business model of refined oil logistics platform based on value network can significantly improve the user’s perceived value and benefit all parties within the value network, realizing the complementary advantages of refined oil production enterprises and logistics platform companies, improving the efficiency of enterprise’s logistics and maximizing the profit of each subject within the value network to achieve profitability for all parties.

Evaluation of Electromagnetic Exposure to Heavy Oil Stock

One of the promising and environmentally acceptable ways to radically solve the problem of improving the quality of bitumen is the creation of an intensive physical and chemical technology for their production based on the use of residual oil fractions activated by an electromagnetic field. The task of maximizing the involvement of heavy oil residues in refining is very urgent in the face of increasing competition in the oil products market, on one side, and viseversa the background of inceciment of demands on their quality in view of environmental protect, on the other side. To assess the potential of high viscosity oils and natural bitumen and, as well as conventional oils, it is necessary to conduct thorough investigations to determine the curves of the true temperature curve (TTC), density, sulphur content, low temperature and viscosity features, fractional and hydrocarbon compositions. It has been established that prolonged irradiation has a destructive effect on most known organic particles. So, there is a request to study the performance features of materials like plastics, coatings and bitumen in the area of electromagnetic radiation and its capability to withstand exposure to radiation. The effect of electromagnetic radiation on organic parts has recently been investigated to evaluate the impact of electromagnetic waves on bituminous materials, specially for asphalts, and to utilize in practice the data gained. Bituminous particels vary significantly in their composition that relates to the resource of raw particles and the method of obtaining the particles.

Enhancement of Safety and Design in Cargo Handling Spaces to Prevent Accidental Fire or Explosion in Oil Tankers and FPSOs

Over the last few decades, there have been a significant number of accidents on crude oil tankers, floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) and offshore units due to fire and explosion, which have resulted in loss of lives, assets, and environmental damage. These incidents increase scrutiny and questions on the current level of safety design in hydrocarbon handling spaces and other high-risk spaces in oil tankers and FPSOs. There are many factors which may contribute to these incidents, including; defects of equipment and components, overlook during design, inappropriate maintenance procedure and history, improper workmanship, and lack of company safety procedures and instruction during maintenance and emergency responses. This study is focused on and has discussed all safety aspects and barriers for the enclosed cargo-handling spaces in tankers and offshore units. Various existing regulations, standards, and guidelines have addressed safety design of enclosed cargo-handling spaces. These requirements and guidelines are referred and investigated to identify typical industry gaps in design and to recommend best engineering practices. The proposed key design recommendations may be considered at the early design stage of new building or conversion projects to enhance the overall safety and to reduce the likelihood of critical safety events. 1. Introduction The offshore and marine industry face many inherent risks such as failure of equipment and structural integrity, collision, grounding, dropped objects, leakages, fire and explosions. Because of the constant transfer and handling of hydrocarbons in operational profile, oil tankers and floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) units have significant potential fire and explosion risks unless sound safety barriers are considered throughout all phases of the design and the construction. Often a FPSO conversion project, which uses an ageing crude oil tanker, is the preferred choice to provide a functioning FPSO facility to the offshore oil production market in timely manner. When compared with newbuilding FPSOs, a conversion project can provide shorter construction schedule and cost reduction benefits. Considerable number of FPSOs operating in the market apply a conversion-type approach, using existing oil tankers to convert to FPSOs. In a FPSO conversion project, the existing cargo pump room is used for the hydrocarbon cargo handling, transfer and offloading operations. The use of the conventional cargo pump room configuration in newly operating FPSOs has come under scrutiny compared with newbuilding projects, which typically install independent cargo pumps, such as a submergible or deepwell type, within each tank which minimizes the risk of hydrocarbon leaks to other confined spaces. The conventional pump room configuration has always presented high risks and concerns due to confined spaces, many potential leak sources, hydrocarbon handling equipment and piping, where leaks can build an explosive environment easily, and the location is situated near the safety critical areas such as accommodation, engine room, and control spaces.

Вплив державного резерву на формування цінових коливань в економіці на ринку нафтопродуктів

Currently, the issues of oil and petroleum products are very important both in theoretical and practical terms. Of particular importance is the issue of completeness and compliance with the current market conditions of the existing in Ukraine order of formation of prices for petroleum domestic production. Problems of pricing have always been of interest to foreign scientists such as Kaufman, Gatelli, Marne, Rögnner, Zavada, among Russian scientists – V. Yesipov, V. Tarasevich, who investigated methods of pricing on the basis of the cost method and its adaptation to the conditions of a market economy. Among the domestic scientists, the theoretical foundations of pricing were reflected in the scientific works of I. Lukinov, Y. Plotkina, P. Belenky, A. Melnyk and others who investigated the above problem primarily in the context of the management of costs and results and state regulation, and in particular - in the market of petroleum products. The rapid growth of oil prices in the world market leads to the need to determine the causes and factors that caused it. Problems of pricing on hydrocarbons are lately relevant both in the domestic market and in foreign ones. This is determined by the special role that oil plays in the world, and the scarcity of hydrocarbon resources, their exhaustiveness. Constant fluctuations in prices on world oil markets complicate the possibility of their forecasting with the purpose of reserving funds in the budget or other state funds to stabilize prices. As a result of the analysis of the oil and oil products market, it was determined that: the tendency of crude oil trade in the Ukrainian market has been caused by the reduction of oil refining volumes, which, in turn, is caused by the exclusion from the domestic market of domestic fuel imports; the main reason for the unsatisfactory competitiveness of domestic motor fuel is its quality, which does not meet the requirements of modern standards and the price not corresponding to it; low quality motor fuel of domestic production is determined by the prevailing use for its production of low-quality (high-sulfur) import oil; in general, the competitiveness of the domestic oil refining industry is considered low.