Marketing Of Medicinal Plants Research Articles

A BINARY ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSUMERS’ PREFERENCE BETWEEN RAW AND MIXED MONSONIA BURKEANA (SPECIAL TEA) IN THE CAPRICORN DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY

This paper assessed the consumer preference between raw and mixed Special tea as well as the factors influencing consumer preference. A snowball sampling approach was used to select 225 respondents from the Capricorn District Municipality. Descriptive statistics and the Binary logistic model were used to analyse the collected data. The results show that most of the consumers are not willing to pay for an already prepared Special tea (69.3%). Most of the consumers preferred raw Special tea (51%) over mixed Special tea (49%). The binary logistic regression results revealed that willingness to pay for raw and mixed Special tea, accessibility of special tea, level of satisfaction in using the tea for health reasons and access to medicinal plants market were found to influence consumer preference. The study recommends the importance of having access to special tea either through established markets or protected areas for harvesting.

Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigation of Lespedesea Gerardiana

The World Health Organization (WHO) is giving more prominence to promoting traditional medicine, particularly, in third‐world countries. The global market of medicinal plants is estimated at over US$ 60.0 billion which is expected to grow up to US$ 5.0 trillion by the year 2050. In Pakistan, the bill for the import of medicinal plants was worth US$ 31.0 million, whereas the export of medicinal plants could hardly reach US$ 6.0 million. In the world, 30% of the pharmaceutical preparations are manufactured from plants. Keeping in view the potential of the global and local market, we conducted our current research work entitled Phytochemical and pharmacological investigations of Lespedesea gerardiana” The present dissertation comprises: Pharmacological/Biological activities of crude methanolic extract (Crd. MeOH Ext.),various fractions and phytochemical study of L. gerardiana. Crd. MeOH Ext. and various fractions of the plant were investigated for various pharmacological/biological activities including, Brine‐shrimp lethality, Haemagglutination, and Insecticidal and Antioxidant assay.

ПРАВОВОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ ТОРГОВЛИ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫМИ РАСТЕНИЯМИ В ИНДИЙСКОЙ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЕ

Issues of legal and trade regulation of the market of medicinal plants are relevant in the modern economy of India. The increasing demand of medicinal plants in the world is causing an adverse impact on Indian medicinal plant resource. There is an urgent need to organize medicinal plant trade sector by sustainable use 
 of wild population of plants, increased cultivation of medicinal plants and moving to export from unprocessed raw material to finished drugs suitable for international standards. Besides this conservation of Indian medicinal plant wealth is utterly necessary to favour the international trade.

Medicinal Plant Market: University Outreach for Proper Use of Homemade Phyto-medicines

The present work taught cross-cutting content of Sciences and Biology to students of Elementary and High School through various versions of the university outreach action “Medicinal Plant Market of the Instituto de Saúde e Biotecnologia: Healing from Plant Biodiversity,” which were carried out interactively and, being a current theme, caught the attention of the population of Coari/AM, who daily use these plants. The main objective of this work was to instill in people the notion of proper use of medicinal plants, especially regarding correct species identification, proper preparation and storage of teas, poultices, infusions, among others, as well as the accurate dosage and administration of these popular medicinal preparations. The secondary objectives were to raise environmental awareness regarding the conservation of these plants in the environment and to encourage the cultivation of medicinal gardens in the homes of Coari residents. The methodology was carried out as described below. University extension students researched the aforementioned topics in books, scientific journals, pharmacopeias, and websites, and then created a brochure with this information, which was distributed during the execution of various versions of the markets. At the locations where these events took place, there were pots containing plants for observation and sensory recognition, as well as teas, infusions, and other popular medicines properly prepared for the population’s access. The results provided the targeted population with proper knowledge about this topic, as well as encouraged environmental conservation and the cultivation of various medicinal species ex situ in home gardens. This led to an improved quality of life for the Coari population, who learned to use the acquired knowledge to correctly produce homemade medicines for sale.

The Selected Effects Embedded from Illegal Occupation and Theft of Medicinal Plants: A Systematic Study on Rural Areas of Limpopo Province

The aim of this study explore the selected effects of illegal occupation and theft of medicinal plants, focusing on Limpopo Province rural areas. Notably, these plants can be used for primary health care and food purposes, amongst others. This stemmed from the associated selective effects imposed on availability of these plants by illegal occupation in the ‘traditional herbal medicine’ and related theft by local people. As a result, the depletion of these plants is negatively witnessed due to illegal occupation and theft. From a qualitative standpoint, this study used the non-empirical research design: Systematic review. Keywords were used to obtain relevant information on this subject, using non-probability: Purposefully sampling. The analysed grey literature and primary research studies from peer-reviewed and published databases were restricted to 1987-2021 [Not in order of sequence nor importance], while exercising the exclusion and inclusion criteria throughout this process. The collected data was analysed using the inductive Textual Content Analysis (TCA) method. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Critical Appraisal Skill Programme (CASP) were employed to ensure trustworthiness of the findings of this study. The results of this study reveals that illegal occupation in the traditional herbal medicine market and theft of medicinal plants drastically affect their availability, as some of the local illegal traders seem to be lacking adequate conservation methods to minimise unfortunate current depletions. Notable studies on illegal occupation and theft of these plants strongly indicates that their trading can endanger these plants, leading to extinctions. For recommendations, this study can be used as a framework to educate relevant stakeholders and to create awareness on the associated effects of illegal occupation and theft of medicinal plants. In addition, Law Enforcement Agencies (LEA) deterrent strategies should be urgently applied when necessary.

THE ECONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS OF THE VARIETAL TECHNOLOGY OF GROWING CHAMOMILE IN THE CONDITIONS OF UKRAINIAN POLISSYA

The developed domestic pharmaceutical industry is currently the driver of medicinal plant production, as it constantly needs plant raw materials for the production of medicines. There is a shortage of medicinal chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) on the market of medicinal plants. The correct cultivation technology of chamomile is the main component of the entire process of obtaining the maximum level of harvest, and from an economic point of view, funds should be directed to the planned harvest in such a way as to obtain the highest level of profitability. On the basis of the conducted research, there was revealed the high economic efficiency of the cultivation of medicinal chamomile varieties - Perlyna Lisostepu, Bodegold and Zlatiy Lan. It was found that production costs for growing and obtaining ready-made medicinal raw materials from chamomile depend on varietal characteristics, fertilizer, sowing dates and price policy of the marketing year. For the Perlyna Lisostepu variety, the costs were, regardless of the elements of growing technology, in the range from 12.43 to 15.35 thousand UAH/ha, for the Bodegold variety, they were 13.45–15.85 thousand UAH/ha and for the Zlatiy Lan variety, respectively - 13.36–15.83 thousand UAH/ha. The average market value of medicinal plant raw materials of chamomile flowers over the years of research was UAH 46,000/ton. The cost of gross production on fertilized plots of three varieties during the autumn sowing period varied from 29.90 to 50.14 thousand UAH/ha, and from 26.68 to 36.64 thousand UAH/ha during spring sowing, respectively. The largest conditionally net profit was obtained from the Perlyna Lisostepu variety on the plots with application of N16P16K16 (main) + N10 (foliar fertilization) and the autumn sowing period - 34.79 thousand UAH/ha. This variant has the highest yield of medicinal raw materials (1.09 t/ha) and profitability – 226%.

Challenges and Strategies of Marketing of Medicinal Plants

Challenges and Strategies of Marketing of Medicinal Plants

Molecular barcoding of Melissa officinalis L. (badranjboye) in Iran and identification of adulteration in its medicinal services

Medicinal plants are an important source for treatment of diseases in many countries. Today, controlling the quality of the products of medicinal plants is an important task. Customer health may be in danger due to the fraud and misconduct by the sales associates in the sales centers. Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) is an important medicinal plant used for treatment of several diseases. In Iran, the species of Dracocephalum, Hymencrater, Nepeta and Stachys are mistakenly sold under the name of Badranjboye that have different pharmaceutical properties. For avoiding this mistake, this investigation was performed with the following aims: 1) Checking for the cheating and identifying the Badranjboye in the Iran’s market of medicinal plants, 2) Providing the molecular barcode for the medicinal species of Melissa. For this purpose, Market-sold plant samples (leaves) and original reference plant species were compared by morphology, odor as well as Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and chloroplast DNA ((psbA–trnH) and (trnL–trnF)) sequences. Various molecular analyses, such as sequencing, determination of genetic distance, and construction of phylogenetic tree were performed. These reports have shown that internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and chloroplast DNA (psbA–trnH) sequences are an efficient molecular marker to produce barcode gap and differentiating Melissa officinalis from other species.

Economics of Production and Marketing of the Most Important Medicinal Plants in Minya Governorate (A Case Study of Cumin and Aniseed Crops)

Economics of Production and Marketing of the Most Important Medicinal Plants in Minya Governorate (A Case Study of Cumin and Aniseed Crops)

Functional Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Rosa Species Grown In Turkey

Rose hips differ from other fruits with their high vitamin C, vitamin E, phenolic, and antioxidant content, making it an economical source of antioxidants. Exploring the fruit and seed components of different Rosa species could enable better use of their potential for various industries. Thus, rose hips of Rosa corymbifera, Rosa rugosa (Thunb.), Rosa alba L., and Rosa canina L. cultivated in the same growing conditions were analyzed. Their antioxidant activity and capacity, vitamin C, total carotenoids and phenolics, tocopherols and seed oils, as well as their fatty acid composition were determined. In addition to having highly polyunsaturated fatty acids, R. canina was also found to have noticeably high antioxidant components. In the overall evaluation (both fruit and oil characteristics), R. canina was found to have the most favorable content, while R. rugosa has the most desirable oil characteristics. As a result of the evaluation of fruit (excluding oil), R. corymbifera and R. canina were determined as prominent species. Despite medium level oil content, R. rugosa can be recommended for seed oil uses. R. corymbifera and R. canina are recommended for the food and food supplement industry. Production of rose hip species that contain the remarkable functional components of fruits and the health-promoting fatty acids of seeds may be used in combination as a marketing tool. In this way, the medicinal plant market share and profitability rate of rose hip will increase.

Pharmacognostic Standardization and Preliminary Phytochemical Studies of Bupleurum rigidum L.

The medicinal plant market knows a large expansion, especially for Asiatic species. Material herb-drug can be subjected to unintentional or intentional adulteration. Bupleurum rigidum is a Chinese medicinal plant used in the treatment of hepatitis and intermittent fever. The species is represented in Algeria, where no study has been carried out to date on its quality control. The present study aimed to investigate their pharmacognostic characteristics. Morphoanatomic studies were performed to record authentication features. Ash content, extractive value, phytochemical composition were evaluated. Bupleurum rigidum revealed a thick root, a branched stem, and lanceolate and ribbonshaped leaves. The herb-drug has a rancid odour and bitter taste. Anatomy was characterised by the presence of secretory canals in all aerial parts. Palisade tissue in the midrib and on both sides of the lamina. The powder analysis showed the presence of epidermis cells with anisocytic stomata. Preliminary phytochemical tests gave strongly positive reactions with triterpenoids and saponins. TLC profile indicated the presence of important spots in the medium frontal ratio zone. Saponins gave a rate of 10% followed by phenols with 5% content. The results gave valuable data to establish the complete monography of the whole plant. The study act as a platform for the identification and development of quality control parameters of the species.

The use of DNA barcoding to avoid adulteration in olive plant leaf products

Abstract. Partovi R, Iranbakhsh A, Sheidai M, Ebadi M. 2020. The use of DNA barcoding to avoid adulteration in olive plant leaf products. Asian J For 5: 42-47. The leaves of olive plant species Olea europeae, and O. europeae var. cuspidata have been used for medicinal perfused in Iran. The first species leaves have been used to control the blood pressure, while the leaves of wild olive have been used for abortion by locals. Our preliminary inspection of the medicinal plant market revealed that the leaves of these two olive species are sold mistakenly to the consumers and their health might be at risk. Therefore, we permed this investigation to produce DNA barcodes for correct identification of these two olive species and also identify the potential adulteration in our local market. We used Internal transcribed spacer (ITS), as well as plastid genome trnL-F intergenic spacer and ribosomal protein L16 (rpL16) sequences. These sequences after alignment and curation produced DNA barcodes that can differentiate the two olive species from each other. The phylogenetic trees constructed also separated the samples of these olive species and confirmed the potential use of these short DNA sequences for olive barcoding. The present study revealed that some of the local shops mistakenly sell the wild olive leaves instead of the cultivated olive leaf to be used for blood pressure. This mistake endangers the health of pregnant women consumers if they carry a child. We suggest using a combination of nuclear ITS and plastid intergenic spacer (trnL-F and rpL16) regions for DNA barcoding of olive plants to avoid leaf product adulteration.

What\u2019s in a name? Revisiting medicinal and religious plants at an Amazonian market

BackgroundIn spite of an increasing number of ethnobotanical market surveys in the past decades, few studies compare changes in plant species trade over time. The open-air market Ver-o-Peso (VOP) in Belém, located near the mouth of the Amazon River in the state of Pará, Brazil, is known for its wide variety of medicinal plants. A survey of VOP was published in 1984, but it remains unknown to what extent its botanical composition changed over 34 years. Furthermore, in northern Brazil, little attention has been given to the origins of the vernacular names of these plants. Our aim is to give an up-to-date overview of the VOP medicinal plant market, concentrating on changes in species composition and vernacular names over time.MethodsWe collected medicinal plants and vernacular names at VOP in August 2018. We identified most plants at the Museo Paraense Emilio Goeldi Herbarium, where we also deposited vouchers and specimen labels. We compared our species composition data to the 1984 inventory by Van den Berg. Furthermore, we investigated the etymologies of the vernacular plant names.ResultsWe recorded 155 plant specimens and 165 corresponding vernacular names, and collected 146 specimens from the medicinal and ritual stalls of VOP reporting 86 species formerly not recorded at this market. Vernacular names had mostly Portuguese roots, followed by Tupi and African ones. We found 30 species also documented in 1984, and vernacular names that overlapped between both surveys were used for the same botanical species or genus, indicating that vernacular names have changed little in the past decades. Lastly, we found 26 more introduced species sold at VOP compared to 1984.ConclusionsForest degradation and deforestation, prevalence of diseases, and methodological factors may play a role in the differences we found in our survey compared to 1984. Of the plants that did overlap between the two surveys, vernacular names of these plants were hardly different. Lastly, the lingual origins of the vernacular names in our survey and the origins of the plant species reflect the history of the intricate syncretism of medicinal plant practices of indigenous, Afro-Brazilian and European origins in Belém.

Stakeholders interface meeting on cultivation and marketing of medicinal plants

Stakeholders interface meeting on cultivation and marketing of medicinal plants

Investigating and Comparing the Effect of <i>Portulaca oleracea</i>, <i>Vaccinium myrtillus</i>, and <i>Berberis vulgaris</i> on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in an Vitro Study

Background and Aim: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a growing health problem worldwide, for which standard treatment strategies have failed to increase its recovery rate significantly. In recent decades, many studies have investigated herbal or natural compounds for the prevention and treatment of OSCC. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of the extract of <i>Portulaca oleracea</i> seed, <i>Berberis vulgaris</i>, and <i>Vaccinium myrtillus</i> fruit on the OSCC. Experimental procedure: Firstly, the herbal samples were purchased from the medicinal plant market and each one of the samples was extracted. Afterward, SCC-15 cells were purchased from the Iranian Biological Resource Center. MTT test was used to evaluate cell proliferation and to measure the transcription rate of ki67, miR-4492, and miR-877-5p genes using Real-time PCR. Finally, the western blot test was used to measure the translation rate of b-cell lymphoma 2 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 genes. Quantitative variables of the present study were described as mean and standard deviation and the three-way ANOVA was used via SPSS ver. 25. an independent t-test was used. P-value< 0.05 was considered a statistically significant level. Results and Conclusion: Briefly, the findings of the present study showed that all three extracts had significant effects on growth suppression, apoptosis induction, and OSCC metastasis. Also, the triple (PVB) combination and Portulaca-Berberis (PB) combination were shown to be the most effective. This result indicates the anti-cancer synergistic effect of these extracts especially P and B, on suppressing OSCC, which should be confirmed in future animal and human studies.

АУДИТ ФАСОВАНОЇ ПРОДУКЦІЇ ЛІКАРСЬКИХ РОСЛИН, ЯКІ ЗАСТОСОВУЮТЬСЯ ПРИ ЦУКРОВОМУ ДІАБЕТІ, НА ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНОМУ РИНКУ УКРАЇНИ

Key words: marketing, medicinal plants, herbal substances, dietary supplements, pharmacy, diabetes mellitus, pharmaceutical market of Ukraine Phytotherapy is an important part of the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus. The use of medicinal plants in complex therapy allows to reduce the dose of synthetic drugs, and it can be used as monotherapy. Today pharmacies offer a wide assortimets of medicinal plants. Considering the importance of treatment of diabetes, it is relevant to study the modern market of medicinal plants in Ukraine, which are used for the treatment and prevention of diabetes. The purpose of the work was to audit the assortment of packaged products of medicinal plants for the treatment and prevention of diabetes, which are available on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine. Materials and methods. The literature data and the official sources of information were the material of the research. We used content analysis, marketing, graphic, comparative and summarizing analyzes. Conclusion. Considering manufacturers, type and packing weight of medicinal plants was found that the number of proposals is 310, while herbal substances, account for 42.3%. Various parts of plants (leaves, flowers, grass, shoots, fruits and so on) are used in phytotherapy for diabetes. The redundancy of assortment of medicinal plants by various domestic manufactures is observed. The herbal substances are packed in corton packs, and dietary supplements are packed in 1.5 g filter bags No. 20. Analysis of Summaries of product characteristics of herbal substances has shown that only part of them have information about therapeutic indication and pharmacological properties for treatment of diabetes. The lack of this information could be a problem for consultation by pharmacist.

"ICT Intervention for Marketing of Medicinal Plants by using E-Charak Apps and Price Analysis Method"

"ICT Intervention for Marketing of Medicinal Plants by using E-Charak Apps and Price Analysis Method"

Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Market in Hatay Province and Development Opportunities

Hatay province has a rich ecosystem that medicinal and aromatic plants grow naturally all across the province. There are about 2.000 flowery plants in the vegetative pattern of the province, and it is around 300 of them are endemic plants. The main purpose of this study was to present the production and processing structure of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) which are commonly traded in the Hatay Province of Turkey. In addition, it was aimed to examine the problems of the sector in the Province, and to bring solutions about those problems. According to the research results: in Hatay Province, MAPs are mostly collected from nature; in terms of local processing enterprises, there are problems about obtaining sufficient raw materials; and spice plants are marketed as semi-processed to the other districts. There is a lack of producer organization of MAPs in the region. In order to improve MAPs industry in the province, it is necessary to establish a MAPs coordination and management unit where all shareholders are represented. It should be focused on: extending MAPs cultivation, providing subsidies for producers and processing enterprises, developing effective marketing and publicity strategies for target markets, and establishing a MAPs research institution.

The existence of traditional medicinal plants in megapolitan city communities

The purpose of this study is to explain and analyze people’s perceptions of medicinal plants in Medan seen from personal factors, group influence factor, cultural factor, cultivation and marketing of medicinal plants in Medan. The population was all people of Medan who used traditional medicinal plants that were randomly selected to be used as research samples. Primary data were obtained using a questionnaire and using a Likert Scale analysis tool and confirmatory factor analysis using AMOS software. The results showed that people’s perception of traditional medicinal plants in the city of Medan was positive. All factors that support people’s perception of medicinal plants are proven to be accepted and approved. People of Medan believe in medicinal plants in curing various diseases and increasing body immunity. This has an impact on the use of home yards and agricultural land as a location for the cultivation of traditional medicinal plants, as well as selling to various districts in the Province of North Sumatra.

Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) T. Nees &amp; Eberm.: An Alternative Source of Natural Linalool

The present study was carried out to investigate the chemical composition of essential oil in fresh leaves of Cinnamomum tamala. The leaves were subjected to hydro-distillation, and the oil extracted was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometer (GC–MS). The essential oil comprises 15 components accounting for 100% of the oil. The GC–MS analysis of essential oil showed that L-linalool (66.85%) was the major component followed by cinnamaldehyde (14.62%). The other components were β-terpinyl acetate (4.49%) and 2-propen-1-ol, 3-phenyl-, acetate (4.51%). Linalool is in high demand for its use in fragrance and flavor industries. Facilitation of cultivation and marketing of medicinal plants in the Uttarakhand state by government and high demand of natural linalool by pharmaceutical industries and higher concentration of linalool content in C. tamala essential oil grown in Uttarakhand create an opportunity for the state to emerge as a resource center for the production of natural L-linalool and to get monetary benefits from it.