Abstract
Background and Aim: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a growing health problem worldwide, for which standard treatment strategies have failed to increase its recovery rate significantly. In recent decades, many studies have investigated herbal or natural compounds for the prevention and treatment of OSCC. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of the extract of <i>Portulaca oleracea</i> seed, <i>Berberis vulgaris</i>, and <i>Vaccinium myrtillus</i> fruit on the OSCC. Experimental procedure: Firstly, the herbal samples were purchased from the medicinal plant market and each one of the samples was extracted. Afterward, SCC-15 cells were purchased from the Iranian Biological Resource Center. MTT test was used to evaluate cell proliferation and to measure the transcription rate of ki67, miR-4492, and miR-877-5p genes using Real-time PCR. Finally, the western blot test was used to measure the translation rate of b-cell lymphoma 2 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 genes. Quantitative variables of the present study were described as mean and standard deviation and the three-way ANOVA was used via SPSS ver. 25. an independent t-test was used. P-value< 0.05 was considered a statistically significant level. Results and Conclusion: Briefly, the findings of the present study showed that all three extracts had significant effects on growth suppression, apoptosis induction, and OSCC metastasis. Also, the triple (PVB) combination and Portulaca-Berberis (PB) combination were shown to be the most effective. This result indicates the anti-cancer synergistic effect of these extracts especially P and B, on suppressing OSCC, which should be confirmed in future animal and human studies.
Highlights
The present study investigated and compared the effects of purslane seed extracts and compounds and two native Iranian fruits containing large amounts of anthocyanins: berberis vulgaris and vaccinium myrtillus on cell proliferation, survival, and translation rate of MMP2 and BCL2 genes, to investigate the effect of cell invasion and apoptosis as well as the transcription rates of Ki67, miRNA4492, and miRNA877-5p genes, which are effective on the process of Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) carcinogenesis and metastasis
The first letter of the name of the relevant extracts is presented in all tables and diagrams, so P is equivalent to Portulaca, V is equivalent to Vaccinium, B is equivalent to Berberis, PB is equivalent to Portulaca Berberis, PV is equivalent to Portulaca -Vaccinium, VB is equivalent to Vaccinium- Berberis, and PVB is equivalent to Portulaca - Vaccinium-Berberis
As shown by the results of the tests, despite the positive effect of Vaccinium myrtillus (V) on reducing carcinogenesis and increasing tumor suppressor factor in all these variables, this effect was less than the other extracts and this extract could only exhibit a better synergistic effect in PVB combination on inhibiting ki67 as compared to PB compound as well in PV combination as compared to BV. This result is in contrast to total flavonoids and phenols measured in these extracts before exposure to cells (Vaccinium > Berberis > Portulaca oleracea) and our study showed that other compounds in Portulaca oleracea and Berberis compared to flavonoids and phenols are probably more effective on oral squamous cell carcinoma
Summary
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is considered as the most common malignant cancer of the Oral cavity [1]. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a growing health problem worldwide, for which standard treatment strategies have failed to increase its recovery rate significantly. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of the extract of Portulaca oleracea seed, Berberis vulgaris, and Vaccinium myrtillus fruit on the OSCC. Results and Conclusion: Briefly, the findings of the present study showed that all three extracts had significant effects on growth suppression, apoptosis induction, and OSCC metastasis. The triple (PVB) combination and Portulaca-Berberis (PB) combination were shown to be the most effective This result indicates the anti-cancer synergistic effect of these extracts especially P and B, on suppressing OSCC, which should be confirmed in future animal and human studies
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