THE ECONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS OF THE VARIETAL TECHNOLOGY OF GROWING CHAMOMILE IN THE CONDITIONS OF UKRAINIAN POLISSYA

Abstract

The developed domestic pharmaceutical industry is currently the driver of medicinal plant production, as it constantly needs plant raw materials for the production of medicines. There is a shortage of medicinal chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) on the market of medicinal plants. The correct cultivation technology of chamomile is the main component of the entire process of obtaining the maximum level of harvest, and from an economic point of view, funds should be directed to the planned harvest in such a way as to obtain the highest level of profitability. On the basis of the conducted research, there was revealed the high economic efficiency of the cultivation of medicinal chamomile varieties - Perlyna Lisostepu, Bodegold and Zlatiy Lan. It was found that production costs for growing and obtaining ready-made medicinal raw materials from chamomile depend on varietal characteristics, fertilizer, sowing dates and price policy of the marketing year. For the Perlyna Lisostepu variety, the costs were, regardless of the elements of growing technology, in the range from 12.43 to 15.35 thousand UAH/ha, for the Bodegold variety, they were 13.45–15.85 thousand UAH/ha and for the Zlatiy Lan variety, respectively - 13.36–15.83 thousand UAH/ha. The average market value of medicinal plant raw materials of chamomile flowers over the years of research was UAH 46,000/ton. The cost of gross production on fertilized plots of three varieties during the autumn sowing period varied from 29.90 to 50.14 thousand UAH/ha, and from 26.68 to 36.64 thousand UAH/ha during spring sowing, respectively. The largest conditionally net profit was obtained from the Perlyna Lisostepu variety on the plots with application of N16P16K16 (main) + N10 (foliar fertilization) and the autumn sowing period - 34.79 thousand UAH/ha. This variant has the highest yield of medicinal raw materials (1.09 t/ha) and profitability – 226%.