Market Intermediaries Research Articles

CHARACTERIZING OF DETERMINING FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF KEEPING KUB CHICKEN BY POOR VILLAGER HOUSEHOLDS IN GARUT DISTRICT

Inventory of factors determining the continuation of keeping KUB chickens by poor villager households, disseminated under #Bekerja program in 4 sub districts of Garut regency, was carried out through a survey study in September to November 2018. The data sampling was conducted purposely, consisting of representatives of various sources related to the development of keeping the KUB chickens gathered in FGD (Focus Group Discussion). The data consisted of primary data and secondary data. The data were analysed descriptively and by using multiple regression which was performed using SPSS 16. The results showed that internal factors consisted of quality of direct management by poor villager households, the existence of suppliers, market intermediaries, consumers and competitors. Whilst the external factors were the guidance of government services officers, the product selling price and the distance of location of the market. Furthermore the results showed that the motivation of RTM, supplier of business inputs, marketing intermediaries, consumer desires, officer guidance, selling prices, business location and quality of KUB chickens significantly influence the development of KUB chickens. Whilst competitor and promotion did not significantly influence the development of keeping KUB chickens.

Weathering intermediated temporary labour mobility: social partners in Central and Eastern Europe after EU enlargement

This article highlights the growing significance of intermediated temporary labour mobility, and how it has put further pressure on industrial relations institutions in Central and Eastern Europe since EU enlargement. The social partners’ modest regulatory role has been further challenged and reconfigured by the spread of labour market intermediaries. In their struggle to maintain a degree of regulatory influence in the face of unilateral government regulation and the dominance of intermediaries, social partners have shifted their positions between entrenched consent and antagonism and/or protagonism. Our two case studies of Hungarian temporary agency work in metal manufacturing and posted workers in Slovenian construction show similar labour market pressures on sectoral industrial relations in the two countries, but different responses by social partners, indicating different prospects for national industrial relations. The state has retained the decisive regulatory role in both cases, but the Slovenian social partners, in contrast to their Hungarian counterparts, still have some regulatory influence.

Marketing management of onion seed production

The present study titled ‘Marketing management of onion seed production’ is based on a sample of 90 onion seed growers drawn from Shrigonda, Parner and Nagar tehsils of Ahmednagar district in Maharashtra. The primary data was collected through a survey and pretested questionnaire for the agriculture year 2021–22. The analysis was completed using data gathered from market intermediaries by calculating marketing cost, marketing margin, marketing efficiency, price spread and producer’s share in consumer rupee. Production and disposal patterns of onion seed showed that 90.43 per cent of the produce was marketed. The total amount of onion seed available for sale was 255.18 kg, with 191.54 kg of onion seed sold through channel I, this included Producer  Consumer and was the most efficient method for onion seed distribution. Channel II, included Producer  Wholesaler Retailer  Consumer and accounted the sale of 63.64 kg of total onion seed production. The marketing cost for channel-II was 10.60 per kg followed by channel-I 1.09 per kg. The average per kg price spread for onion seed was 1.09 and 606.37 for Channel I and Channel II, respectively. The marketing efficiency for channel II was 3.

Livestock Marketing Effect on Pastoralist Community's Economic Status in Ethiopia: Mediation by Market Intermediaries

Livestock Marketing Effect on Pastoralist Community's Economic Status in Ethiopia: Mediation by Market Intermediaries

Price Transmission of Ofada Rice in the South-West Geo-Political Zone of Nigeria

The study was conducted to examine price transmission of ofada rice in the south –west geo-political zone of Nigeria. Data on monthly prices of processed Ofada rice was collected from National Bureau of statistics from the period of January 2016- March 2021. Descriptive statistics was carried out to characterize the price pattern in the various States; this was done by the use of Eviews9 statistical software. The result showed that the price of ofada rice in Lagos and Ondo were stationary both at level I(0) and after first differencing I(I) while the other remaining States were stationary only after first differencing I(I). The maximum price of ofada rice was recorded in Ondo (₦900/kg) while the minimum price was recorded in Osun (₦250.11/kg). The result of the Jarque –Bera shows that the prices of Ofada rice were not normally distributed in Lagos, Ondo, and Osun State. Johansen test of co-integration was used to analyze the market co-integration and the test result shows that only 5 market links were co-integrated while the result of the granger-causality test shows that all the market links had Uni-directional price movement with 7 market links showing evidence of granger- causality. Therefore, it was recommended that there should be an efficient flow of information and good access to roads as these will help to improve market performance, and the activities of market intermediaries should be minimized.

EXPLORING THE DARK SIDE OF CRYPTOCURRENCIES ON FACEBOOK AND TELEGRAM: UNCOVERING MEDIA MANIPULATION AND “GET-RICH-QUICK” DECEPTIVE SCHEMES

The rise of blockchain and cryptocurrencies come with the promise of decentralizing transactions and disrupting the power of market intermediaries. Despite these promises, scholars argue that the risks associated with cryptocurrencies are still unclear. Some preliminary works investigate the manipulative role played by the circulation of problematic content on platforms such as Reddit, Twitter, Discord, or Telegram. Nonetheless, the research still lacks a clear and comprehensive picture of how widespread the phenomenon is across the whole ecosystem. Despite its prominence, Facebook is understudied in this context. To fill this gap, this work focuses on the role played by Meta’s main platform, as a venue employed to reach a wide audience prone to potential manipulative practices or scams related to cryptocurrencies. As part of a broader investigation on coordinated disinformation in Africa, we have come across a cluster of Facebook groups sharing content related to cryptocurrencies. The links shared by these networks revealed a very prolific cluster of 152 groups dedicated to Airdrop and Bounty initiatives for new cryptocurrencies. We collected a list of recent posts created by these groups between November 2021 and January 2022 (378,513 URLs). A preliminary analysis of these URLs pointed out an overwhelming presence of links to Telegram (47%) that highlights the central role played by this platform in this specific ecosystem. This paper explores the overlap between the cryptocurrency community and social media, analyzing how crypto-related projects are disseminated as a new type of problematic content on Facebook and Telegram.

Pemberdayaan dan Pendampingan Digitalisasi Kampung Berbasis Website Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Potensi Kampung

Digital marketing is a combination of interactive and integrated marketing that facilitates interaction between producers, market intermediaries and potential consumers. This digital marketing strategy is more prospective because it allows potential customers to obtain all kinds of information about products and make transactions via the internet. This community service program is carried out at ECA High School which is located in Nasai Village, which is one of the villages supported by Musamus University. Program implementation consists of observation, core activities, and evaluation. The results of this community service program were the creation of the ECA Online Market website and its management guidebook, achieving an increase in program participants' understanding of 0.3359 in the medium category, as well as a participant satisfaction response of 72.28% in the very satisfied category. In conclusion, the community service program ran smoothly and provided results as expected.

Market Efficiency and Price Spread in Jaipur District, India

“Price spread or farm retail spread” is the difference between the price paid by the consumers and the price received by the producer for an equivalent quantity of farm produce. Sometime, this is called as gross marketing margin. The marketing margin refers to the difference between the price received by seller at a particular stage of marketing and the price paid by him at preceding stage of marketing during an earlier period. The producer’s net share, total marketing costs, total marketing margins, consumer’s price and price spread in channel-III are given in Table 3. Table 3 reveals that, out of price of Rs 5765.00 per quintal paid by consumer, chickpea producer got Rs 5102.00 per quintal which accounted for 88.50 percent share. The share of marketing costs paid by chickpea-producer, wholesaler-cum-commission agent and retailer was 1.37, 2.05 and 0.49 percent of total consumer’s price, respectively. Total share of wholesaler-cum-commission agent was highest followed by chickpea-producer and retailer. Thus, total share of marketing cost of intermediaries in consumer’s price was 3.90 percent Agarwal et al 2015, Hazari et al. 2015. Total margin earned by middlemen, wholesaler-cum-commission agent and retailers was 5.60 and 1.94 percent of price paid by consumer. Wholesaler earned more as compare to retailer. So, total share of market intermediaries in consumer’s price was 7.55 percent. Price spread in channel –I was Rs 660.00 per quintal which was 11.45 percent of consumer’s price Chavhal et al. 2014, Khorne 2014, Bondare et al .2014 and Kumar 2014.

Marketing performance and factors influencing farmers choice for agricultural output marketing channels: the case of garden pea (Pisum sativum) in India

Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy and farmers play significant role in sustaining the sector. However, farmers face several challenges such as poor market access and limited access to market information which adversely affect their marketing performance. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the marketing performance and factors influencing farmers choice for agricultural output marketing channels in garden pea in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. The study utilized primary data collected through structured questionnaires administered via the interview method to a sample size of 400 farmers selected through a multistage stratified random sampling technique. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and acharya approach to study the marketing performance. Further, a multinomial logistic regression model was used to determine the factors that influence farmers marketing choice of marketing channels. Additionally, the constraints experienced by farmers during marketing were investigated using garret ranking. The study revealed that farmers who sold their pea directly to consumer had higher marketing performance than those who sold through market intermediaries such as local traders, commission agents and wholesalers. Further, the results indicated that farm income, farm experience, distance to the market and market information were significant determinants of farmers choice for marketing channels. Whereas, lack of market consultancy, high commission chargers and poor transportation were the major constraints faced by farmers during marketing of pea. The findings of this study highlight the need for policymakers to develop and implement interventions that enhance farmers marketing skill, facilitate access to markets, improve negotiation power which can lead to higher incomes for farmers, improve their livelihoods, better quality produce for consumers and a more efficient and sustainable food system.

Willingness of Coconut Growers to Join Farmer Producer Companies in Western Tamil Nadu–An Exploratory Study

Coconut, a versatile crop called as ‘Kalpaviriksha’ – A tree of Heaven. India, with the rich biodiversity of coconut, is the largest producer with 33.02 percent share or 22167 million nuts of the world's largest production of 67128 million nuts. But still, the farmers facing difficulties in marketing coconut. The constraints pertaining to the marketing of coconut were lack of government procurement system, lack of co-operative marketing, lack of proper market information, monopoly of market intermediaries, fluctuation in market price, and high commission among intermediaries were the major problems faced by the coconut growers. This study analyses the perception and preference of coconut farmers in joining coconut producer companies in the Western Tamil Nadu. Descriptive analysis and Garret raking technique has been used and concluded that price provided by the FPC was good and fair enough compared to the market price, which was the major reason for joining the FPC and lack of awareness on benefits obtained, share capital contribution requirement, and benefits not distributed evenly are the major problem in not joining the FPCs.

Regulating antimicrobial resistance: market intermediaries, poultry and the audit lock-in

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the defining challenges of the twenty-first century. Food production and farming are a key if troubling component of that challenge. Livestock production accounts for well over half of annual global consumption of antimicrobials, though the contribution of the sector to drug resistance is less clear. As a result, there is an injunction to act in advance of incontrovertible evidence for change. In this paper we engage with the role of market actors in the precautionary regulation of farming practices and AMR threats. The paper takes the UK poultry sector as exemplary of an audit-led process that has, in recent years, achieved impressive reductions in antimicrobial use. Using qualitative interview data with farmers and veterinarians we chart the changing practices that have accompanied this reduction in treatments. We use this analysis to raise some cautions around audit-led systems of regulation. Audits can lock farms and animals into particular versions of farming and animal health; they can elevate harmful compensatory practices (including disinfectant uses); and they can reproduce an actuarial approach to an issue that does not fit the conventions of risk management. The paper presents the considerable successes that have been achieved over a short period of time in a livestock sector, while generating notes of caution concerning the audit-led management of livestock-related AMR threats.

Price Spread of Soybean in Amravati District of Maharashtra, India

India rank fourth in respect of production of soybean in the world. Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh are the two major soybean producing states in India.In India Marketing of Soybean crop is in developing stage. The development of marketing is as important as that of increasing production. Farmers always desire to get reasonable price for their farm product. Therefore, for profitable transaction a careful planning of marketing of Soybean is must with this view it is essential to study the marketing of Soybean in Amravati district of Maharashtra. In Maharashtra, soybean is mainly grown in the districts of Amravati, Akola, Washim and Nagpur. This study was conducted for estimation of marketing cost, marketing margin and price spread through different marketing channels of soybean in Amravatidistrict. The study was based on primary data and secondary data for the year 2022-23, collected from the APMC market of Amravati district of Maharashtra, the total 120 producers, 10 village traders, 10 wholesaler were selected for the study. Three major marketing channels were identified for the soybean i.e. channel-I: Producer- village trader-wholesaler- oil processor (consumer), Channel-II: Producer→ Wholesale →oil Processor (consumer), Channel-III: → Producer→ oil Processor (consumer). The channel -I was found most important channel of distribution. Producer‘s share in consumer’s rupees was highest in channel III as compared to channel II and channel I. The comparison between costs incurred by different market intermediaries in the marketing channel shows that Channel-III incurred lowest cost and it was also observed that the producers share in consumer price was 98.81 percent. Farmers always desire to get reasonable price for their farm product. Consequently for profitable transactions a careful planning of marketing of Soybean is must. For this purpose present study has been done.

RICE FARMER'S USING MOBILE IN MARKETING OPERATIONS: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY IN THE SPECIFIC REGION OF BANGLADESH

Rice is a major staple crop in Bangladesh, and its production has a profound effect on the country's agricultural sector. Large distribution networks in Bangladesh may drive up rice prices. The scarcity of marketing information prevents farmers from making decisions when planning their output and sales. This study aimed to analyze the variables that influence mobile usage and the effects of mobile use in rice marketing. 100 farmers were selected by two steps sampling procedure from the rural area of Upazilla, Bangladesh. 100 farmers in all, mostly small-scale rice farmers with an average plot size of 1.88 acres, were approached using a concise interview format & questionnaires. The data was evaluated using a variety of statistical methods, including correlation and regression analysis using a binary logistic regression model. The analysis was carried out utilizing the SPSS. Studies showed that 75% of mobile phone owners utilize it for paddy marketing. Income and education have a significant influence on cellphone usage, as shown in regression analysis. In the Likert scale study, there was a highly positive impact on having access to a broad variety of information, the accuracy of that information, negotiating power, and reducing market intermediaries' and transportation corporations' oppressiveness. Most farmers can save time and money by acquiring information themselves. It can be concluded that the adoption of mobile phones facilitates marketing activities and all potential consequences for rice farmers. Assuring mobile phone utilization could be essential in this area to improve the calibre of rice marketing.

Financial Analysis of Commercial Honey Production in Uttara Kannada District

Beekeeping enterprise is highly profitable but less aware enterprise among Indian farmers. The present study was focused to investigate the cost and returns involved honey production in Uttara Kannada district. The 120 sample beekeepers and 20 market intermediaries were selected in multistage random sampling method and used as sample beekeepers for the study. The results reveled that the two methods was found in commercial honey production in study area namely, Stationary and migratory honey production and the total fixed cost (TFC) was ₹5,722.26 and ₹6274.12, with total variable coat (TVC) of ₹1,371.18 and ₹1,559.77 respectively. The financial analysis reveled that the NPV was ₹ 20,712.58 and ₹42,363.03, BCR of 3.61 and 6.75, IRR of 62 per cent and 112 per cent and PBP of 11 months and 7 months and 10 days respectively at 12 per cent discount rate for 10 years time period. It indicates that the either methods of honey production found to be financially feasible and migratory method was much more feasible than stationary method.

Debt Analyst Coverage of Private Firms

ABSTRACT This study examines how information spillovers from equity to debt markets (“equity spillovers”) affect sell-side debt analysts’ activities and the informativeness of their reports. To explore this relation, I compare debt analyst reports for firms without equity spillovers (private firms) to firms with equity spillovers (public firms). I find that, absent equity spillovers, analysts rely more on mandatory SEC filings to fill the information gap for private firms. This additional effort, however, reduces debt analysts’ coverage of private firms overall. Conditional on coverage, the content of debt analyst reports is remarkably similar across private and public firms. Finally, I find that debt analyst reports are more informative for private firms than for public firms. Collectively, my findings shed light on the externalities created by equity spillovers and how debt market intermediaries contribute to the price discovery process.

SEBI: As a Regulator of Capital Market

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) stands as a formidable regulator, ensuring transparency, fairness, and investor protection in India's capital markets. Established in 1988, SEBI's multifaceted roles include formulating regulations, promoting investor education, surveilling market activities, and fostering corporate governance. Through its vigilant oversight of market intermediaries and dynamic adaptation to emerging challenges, SEBI has been a cornerstone in shaping a resilient and vibrant financial landscape in India.

Is environmental labeling certification a “green passport” for firm exports in emerging economies? Evidence from China

As the demand for more environmentally friendly products continues to increase, environmental label certification (ELC), as a voluntary environmental practice (VEP), has become a commonly used strategy by firms responding the green demands of the international market. While ELC is playing an increasingly important role in global trade, how ELC affects firms’ exports, especially how it affects the exports of those firms in emerging economies, remains unknown. This study explores the impact of ELC on firms’ exports. Insights are provided from resource-based views (RBV) by analysing China's A-share listed manufacturing firms to estimate the impact of China's ELC on exports. Our empirical results show that ELC can promote firms’ exports, because ELC emphasizes firms to reduce pollutant from the source, thereby, brings about cost advantage and green product differentiated advantage to boost high-quality exports. Using a series of robustness tests, we provide corroborating evidence for our hypotheses. The export-enhancing effect of ELC is impacted by the institutional context of emerging economies, as specialized market intermediaries and greater openness to the global market strengthen the export-enhancing effect of ELC. This research not only contributes to the literature, but also provides a reference for policy-makers and managers in using ELC to develop green trade.

The Miseducation of a Labor Market: When Labor Market Intermediaries Create Expectation Gaps

The Miseducation of a Labor Market: When Labor Market Intermediaries Create Expectation Gaps

Resolving Disputes in Mediated Gig Work: Evidence from Online & Offline Labor Market Intermediaries

Resolving Disputes in Mediated Gig Work: Evidence from Online & Offline Labor Market Intermediaries

Legality of usage of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learnings by Share Market Intermediary

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are increasingly utilized in share market services due to significant efficiencies and benefits for companies and investors across the globe. This has resulted in an alteration in the firm’s business models and has a potential impact on the effectiveness of the share market and could harm investors. Indian share market is also witnessing the usage of this technology by market intermediaries. The present regulatory framework of Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) on share market intermediaries is not dealing with the Fintech/ technology 2.0-based products and services offered in retail trading and investment advisor platforms in India. The research is primarily based on the normative method presenting a qualitative analysis of the usage of AI & ML in various business models by share market intermediaries. How various share market regulators are addressing and regulating this technology usage and their judicial exposition. The paper concludes that the Indian share market is no exception & SEBI require to look at this new transformation and address the challenges posed by it. SEBI needs to take a proactive step to promote, guide & regulate usages of AI & ML which is gradually seeking the attention of Indian share market intermediaries into their business models and get the maximum benefit out of these technologies.