Market Experience Research Articles

IMPLEMENTING MARKETING STRATEGIES FOR A NICHE BUSINESS : CASE OF TALYA HERBAL PRODUCTS

Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) products became more popular during and after the Covid-19 pandemic. MAPs production and marketing could be accepted as a niche business. The purpose of this study is to examine the marketing strategies of a MAPs producing company from Türkiye. Using case study, data is gathered via interviews, observations and secondary sources. Findings showed that the company succeeded a prudent progress in various market segments basing on its market orientation culture and use of different market distribution channels. Every distribution channel had a different market segment as well as a different structure. The company learned from its market experiences and orientation. They had been organizing to enter the USA market as well as exporting to several other countries. The findings point out that in our today’s world of high competition, companies focus on various market segments, follow different pricing and branding strategies simultaneously so that they can survive in a complex environment with a persistent competitive advantage.

The role of signals in new venture financing in the context of an emerging market: a configurational approach

PurposeThis study proposes a portfolio of new venture signals that are likely to attract investors' attention in the context of an emerging market and examines how they work in combination to affect the likelihood of obtaining funding.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use data on early-stage venture capital investments for high-tech start-ups in Turkey. The authors adopt a configurational approach and use fuzzy QCA and regression analysis.FindingsThe findings suggest that financing of new ventures in an emerging economy is shaped by signals of context-specific capabilities that are required to survive and thrive in this market environment alongside and in interaction with signals of general capabilities required for business success. Different combinations of these signals provide equifinal pathways to obtain funding. Furthermore, signals that differ in type and content interact in complex ways to affect investors' decisions.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that entrepreneurs with no prior experience in the emerging market context can increase their chances of obtaining funding by affiliating with a venture development organization. Another promising strategy is to form a founding team that includes members affiliated with a developed country together with members who have emerging market experience. Finally, entrepreneurs may consider combining signals of context-specific capabilities with signals of general capabilities as they work in a complementary way to attract funding.Originality/valueThis study addresses two major shortcomings of the literature on new venture signaling, first, by positing the emerging market context as a unique signaling environment and, second, by demonstrating the value of considering signals as portfolios with potential interdependencies.

북한 국경도시 여성들의 시장 경험과 삶의 변화에 대한 사례연구

The present study is concerned with North Korean defector women who previously engaged in economic activity and smuggling while in North Korea. The study analyzes the prior economic activity and smuggling experiences of the participants. It also examines the change in their perception of the North Korean regime and the free market economy as well as their identity built through such change. Yin’s(2009) case study method was employed in the present study. In order to ensure data represented recent trends, the researcher selected five participants using snowball sampling among North Korean women who defected during the Kim Jong-un era. Data were collected through one-on-one in-depth interviews with the participants. The results of the study are as follows: A total of 68 individual topics were derived from the interview data. The researcher organized the topics on the basis of the similarity of experience, resulting in the formation of 19 categories. These categories were rearranged into the following units of analysis: 「Origin of the market」, 「Acquisition of market economy」, 「Opportunity of smuggling trade」, 「Factors inhibiting economic activity in the market」, 「Opportunity of defecting from North Korea」and「Results」. The results of the study show that, through economic activity and border smuggling, the interviewees developed an awareness that the North Korean regime operates inconsistently, learned the principles of free market economy, and found their rights through defection. Based on the findings, the study discusses measures to apply North Korean defectors’ market experience to strengthen their adaptability in South Korean society, criticizes the male-dominated North Korean society, and makes policy-level proposals to help North Korean defector women.

The Economic Return to Labour Market Experience of Immigrants in Sweden

This study focuses on the value that employers assign to immigrants’ labour market experience, from both before and after immigration, using a surveyed representative sample of the Swedish immigrant and native populations. A novel feature of the survey is that it contains a measure of immigrants’ actual years of labour market experience, including about work before immigration. Previous research has, in contrast, relied on so-called potential measures, risking bias in the analyses. For immigrants, results show that only pre-immigration labour market experience from the Nordic countries has a positive return. Results also show that return to labour market experience after immigration does not depend on whether the individual acquired Sweden-specific human capital before or with the entry into the labour market. Natives and immigrants, as well as immigrants with and without schooling or upbringing in Sweden, have parallel wage trajectories across labour market experience years, with immigrants being at a stable disadvantage. This is interpreted to be caused by immigrants being sorted into jobs with worse opportunities to acquire new human capital compared with natives.

Network Connections and Board Seats: Are Female Networks Less Valuable?

We investigate how sizes of professional networks affect the probability of appointment to a supervisory board and whether the effect is gendered. Using an employer-employee data set of the Danish labor market, 1995–2011, we find larger networks to associate with a higher probability of becoming a first-time director. The effect is larger for men. One explanation is that men, compared with women, have more connections to larger and listed firms and to other males—attributes that increase the appointment probability. Women who have connections to incumbent directors before being appointed director have more labor market experience than other directors.

Growing a cosmetic practice with devices and injectables in dermatology.

Growing a cosmetic dermatology practice is an often complex and arduous task. Many factors must be considered to build and maintain a successful clinical practice. Devices and injectables are both integral components to operating a comprehensive cosmetic dermatology practice. Aesthetic physicians seeking to grow their cosmetic practice in these areas must be aware of the numerous considerations-both more obvious and more subtle-that play a role in the decision-making process, including the local market, patient demand, clinic space, and physician experience and training. This contribution is focused on the factors that should be carefully considered when one is looking to grow a cosmetic dermatology practice with devices and injectables.

ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF COMPETITIVENESS OF CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES BY CRITERIA

The purpose. Conduct a comparative analysis of construction companies and on the basis of selected criteria to assess the level of their competitiveness. Method. To achieve this goal, a wide range of general and special methods of analysis and synthesis, economic and logical methods of comparison, grouping, graphical method, method of scoring and comprehensive assessment and others. The Results. The article substantiates the need to increase the competitiveness of the construction industry in the context of economic globalization. Factors influencing the level of competitiveness of the enterprise in the construction market are considered, among which: production and technical, scientific and technical, financial and economic and human resources; level of material and technical support; effectiveness of advertising and marketing campaigns; sales promotion effectiveness. The difficulties inherent in the construction industry during the economic crisis and related problems of assessing the competitiveness of construction companies, as well as the features of the assessment of enterprises taking into account the specifics of the construction industry. A comparative analysis of construction in Ukraine in recent years, which showed that assessing the dynamics of the number of enterprises in Ukraine and in the construction of residential and non-residential buildings, identified certain trends - both positive and negative, but they all have certain time frames. The choice of criteria for the competitiveness of a construction company is substantiated and the method of their calculation is presented. Selected criteria for assessing competitiveness include company reliability, compliance with contractual obligations, market experience, quality of construction services, staff skills, range of services, timeliness of delivery, readiness to negotiate, market popularity and cooperation with large companies. companies. Each of the presented construction companies is considered and analyzed from the standpoint of the proposed criteria of competitiveness. Based on the analysis, the main advantages of each company and its weaknesses were identified. The company with the strongest competitive position among the analyzed construction companies of Ivano-Frankivsk region was singled out. Scientific novelty. A scientific and methodological approach to assessing the level of competitiveness of a construction company based on criteria is proposed, which allowed to highlight the strengths of each company and its weaknesses. The practical significance. The results of the study are the possibility of practical use of this approach to assess the level of competitiveness of construction companies and recommendations for their improvement.

Cognition and curiosity:Strategies for firms to recruit curious employees

ABSTRACT Curiosity has long been touted as important for the ability to learn and has been linked with innovation and entrepreneurship. It is also important that employers know how to identify curious potential employees in cost-effective ways during recruitment processes. This paper explores the association between curiosity and cognitive ability. Recruitment processes rely heavily on educational attainment, especially when recruiting young people with low labour market experience. This paper explores the association between curiosity and maths, science, and reading ability in youth. Using six waves of data from the 2003, 2006, and 2009 cohorts of the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth, we examine the extent to which the curiosity of young adults is associated with their school-age cognition level. We find that curious individuals are more likely to have had higher levels of science and reading ability in school, yet curiosity is negatively associated with school-age mathematics ability. These findings provide clear strategies for employers wanting to recruit curious employees without access to expensive profiling techniques.

More than just double discrimination: a scoping review of the experiences and impact of ableism and racism in employment

Purpose Research has shed light on the employment barriers faced by individuals with disabilities, and by racialized people. The challenges faced by people belonging to both marginalized groups are less well-understood. The purpose of this scoping review was to examine existing research on labour market and workplace experiences of racialized people with disabilities, and to identify how ableism and racism intersect to shape employment experiences and outcomes. Methods Seven international databases were searched, covering the period from 2000 to April 2022. Four reviewers independently conducted the screening, and data extraction and analysis were performed on 44 articles that met our inclusion criteria. Results The findings highlighted rates of workplace ableism and racism (including discrimination allegations and perceived discrimination); types and forms of experiences arising from the intersection of ableism and racism (including unique individual stereotyping and systemic and institutional discrimination); and the role of other demographic variables. The intersection of ableism and racism impacted labour market outcomes, well-being in the workplace, and career/professional advancement. Conclusions Our review highlights the need for greater in-depth research focusing explicitly on the intersection of ableism and racism (and of other forms of discrimination), to better understand and address the barriers that racialized people with disabilities face in employment. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION The experiences of racialized people with disabilities have been under explored, and clinicians and rehabilitation specialists should consider incorporating intersectionality into their practices to better understand and serve these populations. Ableism and racism do not operate in isolation, and clinicians and other professionals need to be aware that racialized people with disabilities may face unique challenges and barriers as a result. Service providers should aim to address gaps and inequities in services faced by racialized people with disabilities which may prevent them from finding and/or maintaining meaningful employment.

Gender Gap in Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Korea: A Decomposition Analysis.

The economic and social effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have been widespread but unevenly distributed among genders. The pandemic may have also affected men's and women's mental health differently. This study examined whether the pandemic had stronger adverse effects on women's mental health than on that of men given that the decline of the labor market was greater for women than for men. Using data from South Korea (June/September/December 2020, N = 3000), we investigated the gender gap in mental health during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with gender differences in labor market experiences. We employ the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method for this analysis. Although depression and anxiety increased among employed women and men during COVID-19, women showed lower levels of mental health than men. A significant portion of this gender gap is explained by women experiencing greater job loss, income reduction, and prohibition of remote work than men. We also find that women in their 30s experienced greater mental health problems than men of the same age even after controlling for other conditions. Overall, our findings show that a greater proportion of employed women than men experienced poor labor market conditions and increased family burdens during the COVID-19 pandemic, which contributed to women reporting worse mental health than men.

Determinants of small farmers' participation in contract farming in developing countries: A study in Vietnam

AbstractThis study aims to explore the determinants of farmers' participation in contract farming by using a qualitative approach and empirically assess the impact of the factors withdrawn from the qualitative analysis and previous studies by employing the probit model in Vietnam. The qualitative analysis illustrates 10 original factors that affect farmers' participation in contract farming, including cooperative membership, quality certifications, sale preferences, farming difficulties, technology, supporting policy and program, estimation of oversupply, market information flow, association membership, and experience of contract farming failure. The quantitative analysis provides empirical evidence that female heads, firm consulting activities, firm scales, cooperative membership, quality certifications, and good‐road locations can significantly and positively influence farmers' participation in contract farming. Cooperative membership and quality certifications are the most important factors. Contrary to the expectation, head education and good soil negatively impact farmers' participation in contract farming. Besides, bad soil can hinder farmers from participating in contract farming. [EconLit Citations: C12, L24, O13, O14, Q12, Q18].

Predicting Decent Work Among US Black Workers: Examining Psychology of Working Theory

The U.S. has a history of marginalizing Black people. Marginalization impedes Black Americans’ ability to secure wealth, education, and meaningful work. The Psychology of Working Theory (PWT) uses a social justice lens to understand how contextual factors inform the labor market experiences of those who work and want to work. PWT highlights the ways economic constraints and marginalization predict access to decent work. We tested the PWT model with two measures of marginalization, general ethnic discrimination, and racial microaggressions, with a sample of 241 Black workers to add to the extant literature about the suitability of the PWT for racial minorities. Diverging from previous studies, we found that marginalization predicted career adaptability. Consistent with previous studies, marginalization and economic constraints predicted Black workers’ work volition and perceived access to decent work. Work volition mediated the relationship between general ethnic discrimination and economic constraints with the perception of attaining decent work.

Overview of Mogadishu fish market

The fish market for small-scale fisheries in developing countries is a series of matters that can let them grow, in this study, we investigated Favorite fish species, where people usually buy fish, Price determination, and Problems of fish consumption, and it is done through a questionnaire on 100 respondents, Traders took part in an interview together with their fish-selling activities, as a result, there was a scope to observe the marketing activities, The study concluded that these are the common methods used to determine landing prices Such as distance from fishing to onshore landing centers, market information channels, age, and experiences of the fishermen are the factors significantly found affecting landing price.

Labor Market Experience and Returns to College Education in Fast Growing Economies

Labor Market Experience and Returns to College Education in Fast Growing Economies

A Markov Switching Approach in Assessing Oil Price and Stock Market Nexus in the Last Decade: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

We revisit the oil price and stock market nexus by considering the impact of major economic shocks in the post-global financial crisis (GFC) scenario. Our breakpoint unit root test and Markov switching regression (MRS) analyses using West Texas Intermediate (WTI) oil price and Standard & Poor's 500 (S&P 500) market index show that among the major economic events, the recent coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is the most significant contributor to market volatilities. Furthermore, our MRS results show that the relationship between oil price and the stock market is regime-dependent; the stock market experiences substantial and positive shocks in a volatile oil price regime. Our results provide valuable insights to investors and policymakers regarding risk management and financial market stability during economic crisis periods, specifically during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Earnings and Occupational Attainment: Immigrants and the Native Born

This paper examines the determinants of occupational attainment and the impact of occupation on earnings. Results for both the native born and foreign born are presented, and these provide insights as to the earnings penalties associated with the less-than-perfect international transferability of human capital skills. It shows that around 50 percent of the earnings gains associated with years of schooling derives from inter-occupational mobility. When occupation is held constant, there is a large increase in the effect on earnings of pre-immigration labor market experience for the foreign born, but little change in either the payoff to labor market experience for the native born, or in the premium for post-arrival labor market experience for the foreign born. The estimates of the models of occupational attainment show that years of schooling, and, among the foreign born, proficiency in English, are the key factors determining access to high-paying occupations. Labor market experience has little effect on occupational outcomes among the native born. However, evaluated at 10 years, foreign labor market experience has a modest negative impact on current occupational status. Examination of this negative effect using quantile regression shows that it is concentrated among those in high status jobs.

Employers and the gender wage gap

In most developed countries, women have closed the gap in educational attainment and labor market experience, yet gender wage gaps persist. This has led to an increased focus on the role of employers and employment practices. In particular, research has focused on the types of workplace where men and women work, their promotion prospects and the extent to which they are rewarded differently for similar work. Understanding the relative importance of these features, and the mechanisms that generate them, is necessary to design effective policy responses.

РИНОК ПРАЦІ ДЕРЕВООБРОБНОЇ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ В УКРАЇНІ: ВИКЛИКИ ВОЄННОГО ЧАСУ ТА ШЛЯХИ ПОДОЛАННЯ

This article conducts a comprehensive analysis of the labor market issues in the Ukrainian woodworking industry under the conditions of military conflict. The research is based on the systematization of available statistical data, observations of changes in economic and social processes in the industry, noting trends in employment and wages over the past six years. The identified labor market problems and challenges are thoroughly analyzed to develop strategic recommendations for overcoming the crisis consequences, restoring, and further developing the industry. The main task of the research is to systematize and analyze the dynamics of employment and wages in the woodworking industry from 2017 to 2022, as well as to identify the main challenges that have arisen for the industry due to the war. Special attention is paid to the personnel crisis, loss of logistics, problems with access to raw materials, and loss of customer base. The purpose of the article is a comprehensive review of the current state of the labor market in the Ukrainian woodworking industry and an analysis of various aspects of the labor market, namely employment, wages, and working conditions, to identify the main trends, challenges, and opportunities affecting the development of the Ukrainian woodworking industry. As a result of the research, it was found that after positive trends in employment growth in 2017–2019, there was a decrease in 2020, caused by the global pandemic. However, in 2021 the industry showed signs of recovery, which continued into 2022. Despite this, the war caused massive job losses, a personnel crisis, and a decrease in production activity. The main results of the research show that the average wage in the industry demonstrated steady growth from 2017 to 2022, indicating the efforts of employers to increase the competitiveness of the labor market. However, the war has made adjustments, and today the labor market experiences a shortage of skilled workers, requiring immediate action. The conclusions of the research emphasize the necessity of comprehensive state support for the woodworking industry, which should include financial assistance, reduction of tax burden, stimulation of investments, development of new markets, modernization of technology, and innovation. Attention is also focused on the importance of developing special programs to support employment and retraining of workers, as well as on the need to ensure the safety of workers and protect enterprises from hostile actions.

Is Job Stability Declining in Germany? Evidences from Count Data Models

The macro evidence of increased adjustment pressure since the early seventies suggests that job mobility should have increased. Hence, retrospective and spell data from the German Socio-Economic Panel are combined in order to test the hypothesis that job stability for German workers declined between 1974 and 1994. Using count data regression models in which we control for labour market experience, various demographic factors, and occupation, we find that job stability did not decrease, but if anything increase, between 1974 and 1994. Our finding suggests that labour market inflexibility is an important factor in explaining the European unemployment problem.

Race Differentials in the Credit Market Experiences of Small Business Owners

AbstractSmall businesses employ more than half of the entire workforce, account for more than sixty percent of new jobs created in the United States, and are responsible for about fifty percent of private domestic gross product. It is noteworthy, however, that small business owners in credit markets, in particular minority owners, have difficulty in securing sources of capital for their business operation. The literature on credit market discrimination shows consistent results that can be interpreted as evidence that minority owners are discriminated against compared to their counterparts (i.e., White owners) in obtaining loans, which may be caused by lenders’ discrimination, although such behavior is prohibited under current fair-lending laws. This paper uses pooled cross-sectional data from the Survey of Small Business Finances (1993, 1998, and 2003) and a bivariate probit model based on James J. Heckman’s approach to deal with sample selection bias for those choosing to apply for loans. Those who didn’t apply for loans have been ignored in analyses of credit markets for small business owners. This paper adds to the small business lending market literature by 1) combining cross sectional data from the Survey of Small Business Finances (SSBF) for 1993, 1998, and 2003 to get more precise estimates and test statistics with more power; 2) conducting regression analyses with different model specifications to show the robustness of the empirical results; and 3) dealing directly with problems of sample selection based on Heckman’s approach with particular attention to the assumptions required to justify the identification of the effect (i.e., exclusion restrictions).The analysis confirms previous results, suggesting that minority owners are discriminated against in credit markets. These conclusions are supported in a variety of model specifications.