Market Dominance Research Articles

China's investment in EU member-states’ seaports

The article focuses on the Chinese port investment in the EU countries and analyses the motivation and current situation behind it from the Chinese perspective as well as explains the European perception of investment and its future prospect. The study is based on the Chinese and European official documents and Chinese scholars' articles. In recent years, the number of Chinese port investment projects in European countries has been increasing, and the role of ports as hubs in China-EU economic and trade cooperation has become more prominent. However, the negative perception of Chinese port investment in the EU also gradually increases. The EU is concerned that Chinese port investments will challenge the market dominance of European companies in the port shipping sector and cause political division within the EU, even with far-reaching geopolitical implications and security problems. Chinese academics generally believe that China's investment in EU ports is purely a matter of its own economic and trade interests rather than security considerations, and advocate that China and EU should actively promote port cooperation, follow the path of spatial integration and integration of interests, and build a multi-party community of interests for China-EU port cooperation, and require Europe to abandon the direct influence of external factors and commit to fostering a positive interaction between China and EU. It is necessary for Europe to work towards an effective cooperation between China and the EU on economic development issues and political security issues instead of creating a malicious confrontation.

The Influence of Demand Fluctuation and Competition Intensity on Advantages of Supply Chain Dominance

We studied a supply chain consisting of multiple suppliers and multiple retailers. We use the Cournot–Stackelberg game, the Market–Stackelberg game, and the Market–Nash game to simulate the situation where the upstream seller’s market dominance power gradually decreases while the downstream buyer’s market power increases. The equilibrium decision and supply chain performance under the three models are compared and analyzed, as well as their responses to external market changes such as demand fluctuation and market competition intensity. The research shows that (1) in a seller-dominated supply chain, the increase in buyer power reduces market equilibrium production and wholesale price; (2) in the face of strong demand fluctuations, equivalent power between upstream and downstream can contribute to the stabilization of production and wholesale prices; (3) when market demand fluctuation is small, market power brings a higher profit level, and supply chain participants would like to actively compete for market power. However, when the demand fluctuates greatly, the profit advantage brought by market dominance is no longer significant, and there is no need to spend much to fight for market dominance; (4) the fierce competition of upstream suppliers will induce upstream to give up the competition for market dominance, and make the market power less attractive to downstream retailers. While the fierce horizontal competition downstream will stimulate both suppliers and retailers to actively compete for market power, (5) sufficient market competition will improve total supply chain profit, so encouraging competition is conducive to the overall economic development of society.

Financial Freedom in PAYTREN Multi Level Marketing Practice

Financial freedom is a process to obtain passive income, cancellation, receipt and sale of goods or services, then there is someone who is involved in the Multi Level Marketing business. One company that provides passive financial freedom with a Multi Level Marketing system as PT. Veritra Sentosa Internasional by creating a product called PayTren. PayTren is a mobile transaction application created.The purpose of this study is to find out how the forms and ways of obtaining financial freedom in the practice of Multi Level Marketing PayTren and know the review of the theory of maṣlahah and mafsadah on the forms and ways of obtaining financial freedom Multi Level Marketing PayTren. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. Data sources are taken from primary and secondary data. The acquisition and form of financial freedom achieved leads to greater mafsadah, the main cause is the company making the dominant market opportunity for success it is not clear so it leads to gambling, fraud, usury and tyranny. While the basic services of the PayTren application such as electricity, bpjs, top up the balance, speedy payment and others are not included at all from the main purpose of this contract.

Self-preferencing: An Analysis on the Way of Anti-Competitive Conduct

Since the emergence of the Google Shopping case, a whole new type of abuse of market dominance has entered the public eye. In an Internet oligopoly, it uses its own companys product advantages in terms of algorithms, data, etc., to limit the competitiveness of its competitors. It is similar to traditional abuses of market dominance, such as tying and refusal to supply. However, it only partially meets all the behavioural elements of traditional monopolistic behaviour. Its widespread use by start-ups to support and protect their growth is not prohibited by law. However, when Internet oligopolies use it to support their products, it creates a monopoly that restricts competition like other abuses of market dominance. There is no clear and uniform definition of this type of behaviour, and the forms of behaviour are often varied, which may lead to abuse of the offence if they are arbitrarily criminalised. Therefore, self-referral conduct that can be criminalised should be strictly limited. This type of behaviour is widespread in the Internet sector, which is why countries have introduced laws such as the Digital Marketplace Act and the American Innovation and Online Choices Act to regulate such behaviour. Ultimately, however, the impact of the behaviour on the competitive environment of a typical market and the interests of consumers must be examined from the perspectives of both competitors and consumers to determine whether self-referral behaviour is in breach of Article 102 of the TFEU.

Marketing and Value Chain Analysis of Mandarin at Jorayal Rural Municipality of Doti, Nepal

The yearly decline in mandarin production, one of the important citrus fruit in the mid-hills of Nepal could be attributed to underdeveloped and non-systematic market and lack of value-chain participation by farmers leading to low profitability and hence reducing their motivation. So, this research explores market and value chain of mandarin sub-sector through survey of 100 households from Jorayal rural municipality of Doti district using semi-structured questionnaires. Results showed that the average production of selected mandarin farmers is 1.8 Mt with income of Rs. 24,059 but considering family labor gross margins are negative. The dominant marketing channel is FarmersàCollectors, with around 92% of sales volume. Among the different types of collectors, local ones are dominant market players although price offered is higher for those coming from outside the district (Rs.58/kg) compared to local collectors (Rs. 50/kg), with producer's share being 40% and 35%, respectively. Monopoly of local collectors is high but for local relationship farmers are compelled to sell to them. Due to remoteness of the area, there are low/no value chain actors and hence marketing efficiency is also low. The major problem in marketing is found to be the low market price along with the unavailability of storage facilities or collection centers. Low networking of farmers is also contributing to reduction of the marketing efficiency and hence they are found not to be interested to scale-up their mandarin farms. Cooperative marketing may be one of the best options to increase the bargaining power of small-scale and scattered farmers.

Stably Unusual

Abstract This article critically compares two recent approaches to the problem of aesthetic autonomy: Dave Beech’s Art and Value and Nicholas Brown’s Autonomy. By recentering the differences between these critics’ works around Marx’s categories of subsumption, it evaluates the fraught relationship between labor and aesthetics, economy and form, art and the market. Although Beech provides a persuasive account of art’s “economic exceptionalism,” his focus on the qualitative irreducibility of artistic labor risks losing sight of what is socially unique about aesthetic production. Likewise, and inversely, while Brown’s original account of art’s internal overcoming of the commodity-form provides a generative way to rethink aesthetics in modernism’s wake, it rests on a periodizing claim for the total domination of the capitalist market that equivocates on whether artistic labor can truly be “really subsumed” under capital. The article concludes by pondering the political dimension to these theories of autonomy, which mirror in important ways debates within communization circles over subsumption, programmatism, and the aesthetics of revolution.

Analyzing the Challenges of BYD in the Future Based on the Current Electric Vehicle Market Situation

Global new energy vehicle (NEV) technology is developing rapidly. There is an increasing preference for pure electric vehicles in urban areas, driven by environmental awareness and vehicle cost considerations. It is worth noting that the adoption rate of new energy vehicles in China has increased significantly, making it a key market for sustainable transportation. Among the major players in the market, BYD is a well-known brand based on its strong battery technology and successful foray into electric vehicle production, topping the list of energy vehicle sales in China. However, while BYD has achieved success, it is also facing challenges in the future. The purpose of this study was to explore how BYD can maintain its sales dominance in the Chinese market and to provide key insights and strategic recommendations to further expand its global market share. This article examined foreseeable and unforeseen market changes, with particular emphasis on addressing issues related to market competition, charging infrastructure, and government policy. For the above three issues, this paper gave suggestions such as emphasizing product differentiation and increasing R&D investment, cooperating with the government, and establishing a solid relationship with policymakers and industry associations. By identifying and addressing these challenges, this study aimed to contribute to BYD's sustainable growth and success in the dynamic new energy vehicle industry.

Control Beyond Ownership: Open‐Book Accounting in Unbalanced Supply Chain Networks*

AbstractOpen‐book accounting is a practice to disclose the full cost structure of suppliers to customers to achieve cost efficiency in supply chains. However, the dominant market power of customers could interfere with this goal in practice. Using unique data on the suppliers of large Korean business groups, we find that open‐book accounting is associated with profit rate regulation by customers. Suppliers' price growth is capped despite the increase in supplied goods. Profit rates of suppliers significantly co‐move in times of low average profitability. Using an exogenous regulatory reform that outlawed coercive open‐book accounting, we find the tendencies significantly reversed post‐reform.

Market structure and net determinants of turmeric marketing in Onitsha agricultural zone, Anambra state, Nigeria

A study was conducted to analyze the market structure and determinants of turmeric marketing in the Onitsha agricultural zone of Anambra State, Nigeria. The research aimed to understand the socioeconomic characteristics, market structure, factors influencing net marketing income, and constraints in turmeric marketing. The sample consisted of 160 intermediaries, including 80 wholesalers and 80 retailers, selected using multistage and random sampling methods. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Gini coefficient, multiple regression, and relative index techniques. The findings revealed a male dominance in the turmeric market, particularly among wholesalers, where 60.00% of marketers were men. This indicates gender sensitivity within the market at various levels. The market structure analysis showed Gini coefficients of 0.6866 and 0.7495 for wholesalers and retailers, respectively. These coefficients suggest a high level of income inequality in terms of sales margin and a concentration of sales among a small group of marketers, indicating the presence of imperfect competition in the market. Among the eleven independent variables included in the analysis, age, education, source of finance, and engagement in other business activities significantly influenced the net marketing income of wholesalers. At the retail level, household size, gender, engagement in other business activities, marketing experience, and product price were identified as factors influencing net marketing income. The constraints analysis revealed that online marketing, transportation costs, taxes, and local government charges were perceived as the main constraints at the wholesale level. On the retail level, the constraints were online marketing, irregular market days, and insufficient start-up capital. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the government and relevant agencies reduce taxes and charges imposed on marketers to alleviate their burden. Additionally, addressing the poor condition of roads is necessary for proper marketing in the region.

The impact of E-commerce giants on SMEs: Challenges, opportunities, and the fight for survival in the digital economy

Small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) have not been spared by the drastic changes that the surge of online marketplaces has brought to the business environment. The development in online markets places severe challenges as well as opportunities for the small business as the dominant online retail market is controlled by massive e-commerce companies. Its findings unveil the complexity of nature between today’s giants of the digital economy and e-commerce and SMEs. The present review is predominantly based on the material that was published in the subjects within the last five years, including academic journals, company reports, and economic statistics. Employing this methodology, market forces, technology advancement and its implications on the economic relationship between the established e-commerce marketplace giants and SMEs are evaluated. As mentioned in the study, new opportunities are opening up and these conventional business models are likely to be broken due to the shifting dynamics between these e-commerce giants and SMEs. A pressing challenge familiar to many SMEs is great competition, although previous studies showed that, with the help of digitalization, organizations can develop new growth and development prospects. Some of the key issues amplifying success or failure of SMEs in the digital marketplace are as follows Technological readiness Strategic positioning Ability to harness platform ecosystems. The research confirms that effective policies are needed to maintain the competition combined with the opportunities to grow SMEs in the digital economy. As a result, one of the most important challenges is to determine how SMEs can use the opportunities offered by large e-commerce platforms while avoiding the loss of their own brand and clientele. This research underlines the crucial need of the synergistic approach to the online marketplace and the long-term partnership between the giant e-commerce platforms and small and medium enterprises (SMEs). From this study, we can therefore argue that SMEs are equally capable of thriving and can even survive the current digital business environment by being availed with the right tools and support.

Sword of damocles? Assessing the compulsory sharing of essential data under the Chinese competition law

ABSTRACT As data have become an increasingly important asset of modern companies in the digital era, certain types of data, known as ‘essential data’, have become particularly crucial in market competition. The refusal to share ‘essential data’ may raise competition-relevant concerns, and the intervention by competition law to ensure its sharing is thus in demand. Yet, three dimensions should be carefully assessed before the legal interventions are deployed and applied. First, clear criteria should be crafted for identifying ‘essential data’. Second, it is vital to assess the role of ‘essential data’ concerning potential abuses of market dominance and merger control by corporations. Finally, the reasonable conditions under which the sharing of ‘essential data’ is compelled should be specified.

Peluang dan Tantangan Bagi Perusahaan Multinasional di Tengah Agenda MiC 2025 Tiongkok

Background: Since the economic reforms in 1978, multinational companies have begun to arrive, invest, and operate in China. This was because China had low wages, huge markets, and loose government policies. China is often associated with a negative perception as a center for cheap labor and low-quality products. The MiC 2025 agenda aims to change that negative perception. Besides, this agenda also plans to catch up with China's high-tech in the global market. This paper uses the neo-mercantilism theory, assuming that the Chinese government's initiation to accumulate state wealth by protecting the domestic market and supporting foreign investment. Through MiC 2025, the government plans to strengthen China's dominance in the global market. 
 Purpose: This paper aims to describe the influence of the MiC 2025 agenda on multinational companies (MNCs) in China.
 Methods: This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods.
 Results: The results show that MNCs receive both opportunities and challenges from the realization of the MiC 2025 agenda, which the author divides into 4 major subchapters, namely 1) economic competition, 2) collaboration and technology transfer, 3) robotization of labor, and 4) tariff war with the United States.
 Conclusion: MNCs need to adapt and restructure amidst the MiC 2025 agenda initiated by the government to operate optimally.

Uncovering the quality factors driving the success of mobile payment apps

This study comprehensively analyzed the key quality factors of mobile payment applications that shape consumer perceptions and their influence on market performance. Leveraging text analytics techniques, including Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling and sentence-level sentiment analysis, we analyzed a vast dataset of 230,940 reviews of nine mobile payment apps. Our investigation revealed four significant quality factors discussed in online consumer reviews: payment convenience, security, customer service, and app design. Crucially, this study demonstrated the substantial impact of positive and negative evaluations of these factors on the market performance of mobile payment apps, with numerical ratings acting as mediators. This study breaks new ground by empirically validating the link between post-usage evaluations and the app success. Additionally, it also empirically validated the link between post-usage evaluations and app success, elucidating the role of quality factors. The insights can empower app developers and marketers to enhance user experience and attain market dominance.

Study on the Strategy of Breaking the Circle Based on Migu Video in the Context of New Media

In the ever-evolving media landscape, numerous emerging video platforms continually rise and fall. As a newcomer in the long-form video industry, Migu Video confronts a significant challenge in devising an operational strategy to break into a market dominated by Tencent, iQIYI, and Youku. In recent years, Migu Video gained substantial user traction during the Beijing Winter Olympics and the 2022 World Cup, owing to its extensive sports event copyrights, briefly securing the top position in the long-form video sector. However, as the initial hype subsides, Migu Video once again lags far behind the three major video platforms in terms of daily users.Migu Video, primarily focused on sports events, naturally lacks the diversity of content such as TV dramas, movies, and variety shows that the three major platforms offer. Moreover, each of these platforms also holds a share of sports event copyrights, further diminishing Migu Videos competitive edge. Leveraging its partnership with China Mobile and certain technological advancements, Migu Video has distinguished itself with its black technology, enhancing the user experience within its client application. Simultaneously, the platform is enhancing the quality of its original variety show, Boiling Up! Commentator, making it accessible to non-sports enthusiasts, with the aim of retaining users based on its content capabilities. Migu Video has made initial strides in developing its strengths, and its current focus is optimizing its unique attributes to successfully disrupt the existing market dominance.

Research on Market Definition of Digital Economy and Case Analysis: Based on the Perspective of Bilateral Market

In recent years, with the continuous development of digital economy, regulating the healthy development of platform economy has become an important issue. China's relevant government departments call for a clear adherence to the principles of “fair competition”, and for the strengthening of anti-monopoly and the establishment and improvement of market supervision to adapt to the development of the digital economy. In the process of anti-monopoly law enforcement, the relevant market definition is usually regarded as the logical starting point of analyzing the competitive behavior. Compared with traditional enterprises, platform enterprises have bilateral market characteristics such as “cross network externality” and “asymmetric price structure”, which face challenges in defining their relevant markets. This article first clear the bilateral market meaning, then discusses the platform enterprise bilateral market characteristics, and sort out the scholars in recent years about “define a single or multiple market” “assumed monopolist test is applicable”point of view, finally analyzed the “Sherpa's Abused Market Dominance” “Tangshan Renren Company v.Baidu Case” “Qihoo360 v.Tencent Case” three Chinese anti-monopoly law enforcement cases. The aim is to further discuss how to better combine the theoretical investigation and case analysis of qualitative and quantitative analysis to define the relevant market more accurately.

Change Management in a South African Municipality: Can it Work?

The business environment is ever-changing, and even companies with dominant market share needs to keep up with these changes. Not all change initiatives prove to be successful. Numerous obstacles have been highlighted in literature such as a lack of communication and poor support from management. This study, therefore, set out to identify the different factors that affect the successful implementation of change management initiatives in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. The study followed a quantitative method, and the primary data was collected by means of an online questionnaire through SurveyMonkey. The data was analysed via SPSS software and presented in graphs and tables for easy interpretation. The results and knowledge gained from this study will add to the existing body of knowledge in the discipline. It might also assist municipalities to effectively identify and quantify factors that affect their ability to manage constructive change at the workplace. All ethical requirements were considered during the study. The outcome of the study indicated that managers seem to be unaware of the benefits and principles of change management. Organisational structures and processes were found to be key contributors to the employees’ resistance to change. The participants also displayed uncertainty whether communication, employee readiness for change initiative, leadership, and resources were fully addressed in the implementation of change management. The study therefore recommended that the city presents awareness sessions to all city employees including managers on the change management models, the principles of change management as well as the benefits of implementing such models and principles in the operations of the City of Tshwane. The study further recommended that the city provides the required resources for the implementation of change initiatives, and fully address the requirements for communication and employee readiness for change initiatives.

Innovative Marketing Strategies in the Digital Age: Leveraging Technology for Market Dominance

The integration of digital technology has become essential for both markets and society, leading to the emergence of digital transformation as a crucial aspect of business innovation. Nevertheless, the process of digital transformation is intricate, and organizations continue to face challenges in comprehending and effectively capitalizing on its potential benefits. This research examines the present implementation of digital technology within enterprises. The article examines the effects of digital transformation on traditional marketing, specifically how it can alter the conventional process of value creation that marketing is predominantly engaged in. It delves into the impact of digital transformation on several aspects of traditional marketing, such as its role, organization, and tools. The study employed a qualitative research methodology, namely in-depth interviews, to gather data from managers employed in various businesses in Italy. The findings indicate that organizations frequently utilize digital technology, but predominantly rely on conventional tools. Moreover, companies tend to exhibit a higher degree of digitization rather than complete digital transformation. Digital technologies have a significant influence on marketing since they enhance market analytics, pricing strategies, and channel management, while also facilitating the establishment of client interactions to foster value co-creation. Professional abilities are enhanced in numerous ways, while organizational processes are becoming increasingly efficient and adaptable through the utilization of diverse knowledge and cross-functional experiences. This study examines the research and managerial consequences associated with the obstacles and hazards encountered during the execution of digital transformation initiatives.

Evaluating Amazon's Environmental, Social, and Governance Performance

The importance of ESG performance has grown in recent years. This abstract takes a look at Amazon's (the world's largest online retailer) environmental, social, and governance (ESG) policies. Companies' long-term success, capacity to attract investors, and public image are all influenced by environmental, social, and governance (ESG) aspects. Amazon is serious about the environment, as seen by its efforts to achieve targets like zero net carbon emissions and 100% renewable energy. The company promotes ethics by providing secure working conditions, fair compensation, and equal opportunity in hiring. By design, Amazon's governance structure is transparent and ethical. ESG investors favor ethical and environmentally responsible businesses. As the largest online retailer, Amazon's ESG performance has the potential to shape industry norms. Amazon's market dominance, competitive edge, and technological advancements are also explored in this research. Brand recognition, product selection, logistics, customer perception, and competitive pressure are all highlighted in Amazon's SWOT analysis. It reveals both prospects and dangers. According to Porter's Five Forces research, Amazon faces formidable competition in the online retail industry. Finally, Amazon's ESG record is worth keeping an eye on if you're an ethical investor. Despite the company's resources, it is responsible for addressing employee and environmental concerns. Amazon can increase its market share and appeal to ESG-conscious investors by adopting sustainable practices and fixing these problems. The company's positive financial performance bodes well for its future expansion.

Slavery with extra steps: conceptualising impersonal market domination

Slavery with extra steps: conceptualising impersonal market domination

Developing The Strategy for Steel Sales by Scenario Planning Approach

The steel industry, often regarded as the mother of industry, holds a pivotal role in fostering national economic independence and supporting vital infrastructure projects. In Indonesia, the development of the steel industry stands as a key indicator of industrial advancement. However, the landscape has evolved dramatically, with escalating competition not just from PT Krakatau Steel but also from numerous emerging competitors producing similar products. This dynamic situation demands an aggressive sales strategy to secure market dominance, especially given the challenges posed by both local and international competitors. Addressing this, PT Krakatau Steel faces the essential question of how to optimize steel sales, approaching or even matching the plant's installed capacity, amidst this competitive environment. The solution lies in proactive strategic planning, which involves a meticulous analysis of both external and internal factors. Recognizing the need for foresight, the company has employed scenario planning, envisioning potential futures for the steel industry. By considering variables like raw material prices and government policies, four scenarios emerged: Armageddon, The King, The King's Speech, and Cast Away. Each scenario prompts a specific set of strategies and actions. Moreover, the company has established early warning systems to discern which scenario might unfold, enabling timely and precise responses. This forward-thinking approach culminated in a comprehensive strategic plan designed to guide PT Krakatau Steel through the complexities and uncertainties of the business landscape over the next seven years.