Market Choice Research Articles

BMax consulting moves into Southeast Asia

Research methodology The data for this case were obtained primarily through a series of in-person interviews in Penang between the authors and Pete Browning (a pseudonym) from 2017 to early 2019. The authors also consulted secondary data sources, including publicly available material on BMax and “Company B”. Case overview/synopsis This case examines a key decision, or set of decisions, in the life of a small- to medium-sized management consultancy group, namely, whether they might expand their operations in Southeast Asia, and if so, where. These key decisions came in the wake of their having already established a very modest scale presence there, with an operating base on the island of Penang just off the north western coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The initial establishment of a Southeast Asian branch had been somewhat spontaneous in nature – a former colleague of one of the two managing partners in the USA was on the ground in Malaysia and available: he became the local partner in the firm. But the firm had now been eyeing expansion within the region, with three markets under particular consideration (Singapore, Indonesia and Thailand) and a further two (Vietnam and China) also seen as possible targets, though at a more peripheral level. The questions facing the decision makers were “was it time they expand beyond Malaysia?” and “if so, where?” Complexity academic level This case could be used effectively in undergraduate courses in international business. The key concepts on which the case focuses are the factors affecting market entry, particularly the choice of market and the assessment of potential attractiveness such markets offer.

Is state-owned enterprise merging private enterprise “market choice” or “space crowding” ? —Based on the motives of equity transfer of mixed-ownership enterprises

Many state-owned enterprises have mergers and acquisitions (M&A) with private enterprises, which has caused private enterprises to worry about their living space being squeezed. Based on 572 data records about equity transfers of Chinese listed companies extracted from CSMAR4.0 from 2013 to 2020, this paper categorized ownership structures into three categories: privatization of state-owned enterprises (Category 1), state-owned enterprises merging private enterprises (Category 2), and state-owned enterprises merging state-owned enterprises (Category 3). The categorical regression of ex-ante equity transfer motivation revealed that the motives for Category 1 conformed to the phenomenon of the “pretty girl gets married first” and “embezzlement view.” Category In contrast, the motives for Category 2 conformed to the “fiscal revenue view.” The categorical regression of ex-post equity transfer motivation showed that all three types significantly improved various efficiencies and represented an optimal allocation of resources. Moreover, it was revealed that the transfer of equity to state-owned enterprises by inefficient private firms in Category 2 also significantly improved enterprise efficiency. Thus, it can be considered as a rational behavior of market selection and never squeezed the space crowding. Further analysis showed that the efficiency improvement is due to the symbiotic development relationship rather than the antagonistic relationship between heterogeneous shareholders. Therefore, it is suggested to initiate market-oriented reform by actively developing ownership mixed-ownership economy and adhering to the “two unwavering” basic economic system.

A cross-sectional exploration of labor supply, gender, and household wealth in urban China

We propose a modeling framework that uses only cross-sectional data to disentangle labor supply and demand choices simultaneously. This modeling framework extends the labor-market analytical toolkits to adapt to environments where data are limited, flexibility in working hours is lacking, or structural changes are present, as is the case in most emerging and low-income countries. We showcase our model by using the 2011 China Household Finance Survey to decipher labor market choices in urban China. We find that the main discrepancies in labor supply between males and females are driven by the number and age of children, the lower utility of working rather than fewer job opportunities for females, and larger impacts of education and work experience on females’ job opportunities. Household wealth in the form of ‘cash inflow’ incentivizes individuals not to work, while wealth in the form of ‘stock’ induces higher utility to work for both males and females. The interpretation of empirical findings hinges on particular assumptions that might be disputed.

Fragmented spaces in the urban landscape: A socio‐spatial analysis of educational supply in the city of Madrid

AbstractThe geography of school choice critically shapes families’ educational opportunities. Residential segregation, social inequalities and the educational marketplace interact in complex ways and produce spatialised educational opportunities for families. This paper analyses the link between these dimensions and how they structure families’ educational opportunities in the city of Madrid. Based on several administrative datasets that capture students’ residential location, their socio‐economic position, the schools they attend and the characteristics of school supply, our analysis reveals the uneven spatial distribution of the different school modalities in Madrid, where advantaged families and neighbourhoods have more diversified and socio‐economically homogenous nearby schooling options. The results also depict the way the city is spatially divided along a continuum of ‘privileged’ residential and educational assets. The paper reflects on how reforms expanding school choice and diversification of the educational market undertaken by the regional government may have increased the link between residential and school segregation.

The Value Effect of ESG Ratings during the COVID-19 - Empirical Evidence from Chinese A-Share Market

Since 2020, the scale of ESG responsible investment in China has developed rapidly, and during the epidemic, the city was affected by the closure of roads. Although it is difficult to influence consumers' choice in the product market in the short term, investors in the stock market can "vote with their feet" in a timely manner, so how do investors perceive the ESG rating of the company? What is their perception of a company's ESG rating? This paper examines the role of ESG ratings in China's A-share market during the crisis, using the Xin Guan epidemic as an entry point, and concludes that (1) ESG ratings are significantly and positively correlated with short-term cumulative stock excess returns, and that company carbon intensity plays a moderating role in ; (2) in the long run, higher ESG ratings reduce stock price volatility; and (3) the epidemic enhances the correlation between ESG ratings and company stock price volatility. correlation level between ESG ratings and company share price volatility.

The Impact of Cultural Health Capital on Market Choice Along the Texas-Mexico Border.

Transnational cultural health capital (CHC) includes individual resources such as skills and behaviors patients use to manage healthcare exclusion and negotiate care. This study examines the impact of CHC on decisions by Hispanic people who live in El Paso, Texas, to utilize one or more markets for healthcare. We expand on the current literature and present novel findings by quantifying several aspects of CHC that may contribute to cross-border health-seeking behaviors in this vulnerable group which tends to suffer various health disparities and limited access to health insurance. Results support the hypotheses related to how the various cultural, social, and economic resources that comprise CHC affect market choices. This research has significant implications for understanding how border residents may mitigate a lack of accessibility and affordability for healthcare, developing transnational health policy, and aiding healthcare providers to understand their patients' choice(s) of healthcare markets.

A Legal Framework for Using Smart Contracts in Consumer Contracts: Machines as Servants, Not Masters

Smart contracts, as a newly developed technology, may radically re‐shape traditional contractual relationships, transferring the power to perform and enforce from contractors to robots. This paper provides a framework which seeks to ensure that this transfer of power does not undermine vital consumer law values. The starting point is the well‐accepted idea of consumer law being based on values aiming to protect consumers as weaker parties in their relationships with traders and this will be built on using various new arguments. First it will be argued that any brave new world of smart contracts will still need the law to provide the sorts of rights it already does: smart contracts may enhance data preferences and improve choice up to a point, but they cannot produce market choices replacing the need for such legally mandated rights. Next it will be shown that to reflect underpinning protection values, some such rights must operate in particular ways. This includes rights concerning information and contract cancellation, conformity standards, remedies, and unfair terms: ‘time sensitive’ rights that must be available at certain stages of the relationship.

The role of electricity market design for energy storage in cost-efficient decarbonization

The role of electricity market design for energy storage in cost-efficient decarbonization

Exploring farmers’ perspectives on agrobiodiversity management: future options for quinoa smallholder organizations in the Peruvian high Andes

The intensification of crop production is widely recognized to negatively affect the agrobiodiversity in smallholder systems. This trend can also be observed in Quinoa production systems, where few varieties are commercialized while maintaining traditional varieties of quinoa remains a key agricultural activity in the high-Andes landscape. In recent decades, the “boom” of quinoa production has given rise to national projects intended to ensure that farmers benefit from their agricultural heritage, including the development of a collective trademark. However, little is known about the opinions of smallholder farmers regarding quinoa varieties cultivation, farming practices, market choices, or the development of a collective trademark as a tool to safeguard a position in the booming international quinoa market. To address these questions, we developed our research in three villages in the Puno region of Peru, quinoa’s center of origin. We applied a novel combination of participatory methods: the Q methodology to interpret the perceptions of smallholder quinoa farmers concerning the activities that are important on their farms, and the Four-Square Analysis workshops to explore quinoa biodiversity management. The results of our Q-analysis revealed three types of opinions emerging among farmers: (Type 1) Conservationist, (Type 2) Intensification sustainer, and (Type 3) Collaboration seeker. Type 1 assigns importance to maintaining and promoting quinoa biodiversity through collective practices and markets. Type 2 focuses on developing export-oriented production based on certified and improved varieties, combined with efficient ways of storing quinoa. Type 3 appears to value the collective aspects of organizations and cooperation among stakeholders. According to the results of the Four-Square Analysis, most landraces of quinoa are threatened by genetic erosion, as they are cultivated in situ in small plots and on few farms. Our results are an important baseline for further project development for biodiversity conservation in situ and market inclusion engaging local communities.

Revisiting the cryptocurrencies role in stock markets: ADCC-GARCH and Wavelet Coherence

ABSTRACT The current study analyses five major cryptocurrencies and four global stock markets to explore the hedging, safe haven and diversification roles of cryptocurrencies by employing ADCC-GARCH and Wavelet Coherence Technique. The study has found that stock and cryptocurrency markets return have high volatility persistence in the long run and confirms the bi-directional volatility transmission. Also, the hedging capacity of digital currencies varies depending on market choice. Tether operates as the most effective diversifier for all studied stock indices and is a strong safe haven asset during market turmoil. It is also documented that majority of cryptocurrencies cannot offer diversification advantages.

A small farmer’s market choice in the presence of multiple markets: The Indian case

We study a small farmer’s optimal market choice in the presence of multiple markets in an emerging economy. A small farmer sells her product through either of the three markets available: government-regulated market, corporate-owned market (a private market having high-quality requirements), and fixed-price market (a government procurement center). Using a dynamic game of incomplete information, we examine the impact of technology choice, quality effort, and yield quantity on the farmer’s market choice. We discuss the implications of the full information and asymmetric information case analysis with the help of real-life examples. We find out that the farmer does not put her optimal quality effort due to misalignment of stakeholder payoffs. We analytically prove that market inefficiency exists due to this misalignment; we subsequently propose that contract farming can eliminate this problem. We demonstrate that the corporate-owned and government-regulated markets have individual incentives to keep their markets segregated by maintaining different threshold quality requirements. We conduct a logistic regression analysis to explain the impact of various parameters on the small farmer’s market choice. It shows the impact of change in critical parameters on the small farmer’s optimal market choice. Our analysis allows policymakers to understand the behavior of small farmers as strategic players. Our study emphasizes the importance of the threshold quality requirement of markets and prices offered in these markets on a small farmer’s market choice rather than traditional factors such as transportation cost and minimum support price. We conduct field interviews of small farmers to augment our findings.

Occupation Choice in the Rural Labor Market from the Córdoba Department in Colombia

This article aims to establish if the rural labor market of the Department of Córdoba holds structural problems that encourage members of the rural labor force to search for other work alternatives in the urban area, by identifying factors related to supply conditions, such as human capital, age, home location area [dominion], gender, and others that affect the choice of the kind of work. A multinomial Logit econometric model was estimated to achieve this purpose, using statistical information from the Great Integrated Household Survey (GIHS) carried out by DANE from the third quarter of 2019, whereby the employment choice of men and women in rural and urban areas was analyzed among four categories, i.e. low manual (1), high manual (2), low non-manual (3), and high non-manual (4). Results reveal that the estimated model shows a good fit and that the education, gender, and domain variables are statistically significant with confidence levels greater than 95%. Similarly, figures of the marginal effects, which reveal changes in probabilities of choosing one job or another, may be evidence of the little consolidation that the rural labor market has to motivate its inhabitants to choose countryside activities, allowing to conclude that the migration phenomenon from the countryside to the city is largely explained by the search for better jobs, thus revealing the structural problems of the rural labor market in the Cordoba Department.

A model of collusion formation and measurement in the open ascending bid auctions in the agricultural markets

PurposeThis paper gives a model of collusion formation and a method of measuring the degree of it among the traders/bidders in the agricultural commodity markets in India. The important assumption is that the bidding is repetitive with a set of common bidders. The theory has been derived based on the behavior of the wholesale market of agricultural commodities in India. The paper is based on full information in the collusion formation. The paper first derives the theoretical structure of the bidders' behavior and thereafter derives a measure of collusion formation with the help of real-life data.Design/methodology/approachThe paper used the standard theory of optimization and the theory of auction and probability statistics.FindingsThis is a complete information model of cartel formation. The bidding is repetitive and continues forever in discrete time. Hence bidders behavior is observable. Using the proposed method, if the APMC measures for each market and publishes on a periodic basis, say weekly basis, then it will be easier to break the collusion in the market where relative collision is present. For example, if a farmer has three options to sell in three different markets, then the published data would help them to select the market where the degree of collusion is relatively lower. Moreover, the undesirable loss can be avoided based on the right choice of market. As a result, transaction costs will be optima.Originality/valueThe paper first derives the theoretical structure of the bidders' behavior and thereafter derives a measure of collusion formation with the help of real-life data.

Quantile and asymmetric return connectedness among BRICS stock markets

We investigate the quantile and asymmetric return connectedness among the BRICS stock exchanges between 1 January 2002 and 31 December 2022. Over the years the BRICS stock markets have become emerging market choices for global investors interested in international diversification. As a result, the characteristics of these markets and how they interact with each other are important to international investors. We use quantile connectedness to examine return spillovers, particularly at the extreme left and right tails, as opposed to connectedness in the middle. The group's level of return connectedness, as determined by mean-based connectedness measures is only 30.58%. However, we find that levels of quantile-connectedness are substantially higher when using a unique quantile-based connectedness technique, more than doubling to more than 70% at the extreme upper and lower tails respectively. We also utilise a novel asymmetric connectedness approach that disaggregates overall connectedness into its positive and negative constituents. Positive return connectedness is more pronounced than negative return connectedness.

Meeting European exporting certification standards as a sustainable marketing choice among mango farmers in Ghana

Amidst the prevalence of certification and pursuit of global markets, there is a dearth of studies on compliance with EU certification standards and market outlet preference among mango farmers in Ghana. Therefore, this study sought to determine factors influencing mango farmers to produce to meet European standards and certification, and the marketing outlet choice of mango farmers in the Bono and Bono East regions of Ghana. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select 300 mango farmers. Data gathered were analysed using multinomial and binary probit regressions. Empirical results show that gender, age, farming experience, and access to the ready market are significant predictors of a farmer’s choice of the local market. On the other hand, farming experience, ready market, the quantity of harvest, fruit quality, market assurance, and good agronomic practices (GAP) significantly predict farmers’ preference for retail. The level of education, farm size, GAP, annual farm income, ready market, training, and access to credit are essential determinants of a farmer’s decision to practise EU standards and certification. Given the findings, it is recommended that farmers who sell and are likely to sell to processors should be targeted for pieces of training on EU market export as they are more likely to be convinced and already involved in relevant practices for such exports

The Work Trajectories of Married Canadian Immigrant Women, 2006–2019

The behaviour of married immigrant women regarding fertility and labour markets is an essential piece to understand the economic and cultural integration of immigrant households. However, the contribution of married immigrant women to the Canadian labour market was—until recently—considered of secondary importance and their labour market choices studied within an economic framework of temporary attachment to the labour force. Recent research, however, finds that a significant fraction of married immigrant women make labour supply decisions (and face barriers) similar to those of native-born married women. We show that this is the case in Canada as well, by estimating the progress of immigrant women over the 2000s. We use traditional measures of labour market outcomes, such as participation, employment and wages, but also novel estimates of labour market dynamics, such as transitions across labour market states to show the work trajectories of married Canadian immigrant women. Results show that immigrant women are less likely to transition into employment—more likely to transition out of employment to either unemployment or inactivity—and more likely to respond to income shocks than the Canadian born. There is evidence of a gradual convergence with years spent in Canada to the outcomes of the Canadian born, which is much slower for immigrant women than immigrant men.

Endogenous market choice, listing regulations, and IPO spread: Evidence from the London Stock Exchange

AbstractThis study examines the endogenous market choice and its impact on underwriter spread if Alternative Investment Market (AIM) IPOs that meet Main Market (MM) listing requirements had issued equity in the MM during the 1995–2021 period. We find that the spread is 1.33% higher in the AIM than the MM for IPO listings that meet the MM listing requirements. This finding suggests that AIM companies, meeting the MM listing requirements, could have saved more than £100 million by going public through the MM than the AIM market. We also find that this spread differential is attributed to the issuing firms' market self‐selection. We demonstrate that listing requirements in the MM have an impact on the gross spread. The Propensity score matching results show that AIM firms that meet the MM market listing requirements pay a 0.921% higher spread which is significant at a 1% level compared to the MM market IPOs.

Dampak Isi dan Keakuratan Seleksi Pemasaran Digital terhadap Penjualan Makanan Olahan Ikan Lombok Timur

Recent empirical studies show that the use of digital marketing among fishermen is still not optimal due to limitations in content creation and limited online media options. Digital marketing has been heralded as an effort to increase sales to fishermen. Unattractive content and target market errors in online media are one of the causes of the failure of fishing businesses to increase sales. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the effect of digital marketing content and the accuracy of choices on the sales of East Lombok fishermen's processed food. This study analyzes the impact of digital marketing content and the accuracy of selection on sales of processed fishery products. The sample is based on the type of business and business category. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 171 fishermen, who sold their products directly to online media using a door to door approach and filling assistance. Data were tested statistically with descriptive analysis, validity and reliability, and linear regression. The results of the study show that the content and accuracy of digital marketing choices have a positive effect on sales of processed fisherman products. These results show the importance of content choices and digital marketing to increase sales of processed fishery products in East Lombok. Fishermen can increase their ability and willingness to explore content and methods for selecting online media to promote their products in order to maximize sales results. Data were tested statistically with descriptive analysis, validity and reliability, and linear regression. The results of the study show that the content and accuracy of digital marketing choices have a positive effect on sales of processed fisherman products. These results show the importance of content choices and digital marketing to increase sales of processed fishery products in East Lombok. Fishermen can increase their ability and willingness to explore content and methods for selecting online media to promote their products in order to maximize sales results. Data were tested statistically with descriptive analysis, validity and reliability, and linear regression. The results of the study show that the content and accuracy of digital marketing choices have a positive effect on sales of processed fisherman products. These results show the importance of content choices and digital marketing to increase sales of processed fishery products in East Lombok. Fishermen can increase their ability and willingness to explore content and methods for selecting online media to promote their products in order to maximize sales results. that the content and accuracy of digital marketing choices have a positive effect on sales of processed fisherman products. These results show the importance of content choices and digital marketing to increase sales of processed fishery products in East Lombok. Fishermen can increase their ability and willingness to explore content and methods for selecting online media to promote their products in order to maximize sales results. that the content and accuracy of digital marketing choices have a positive effect on sales of processed fisherman products. These results show the importance of content choices and digital marketing to increase sales of processed fishery products in East Lombok. Fishermen can increase their ability and willingness to explore content and methods for selecting online media to promote their products in order to maximize sales results.

The Hidden Costs of Choice in the Labor Market

The Hidden Costs of Choice in the Labor Market

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНІ ЗАСАДИ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ІНКЛЮЗІЇ НА РИНКУ ПРАЦІ УКРАЇНИ

The article is devoted to consideration of organizational principles of realization of social inclusion. The purpose of the study is to analyze the peculiarities of the implementation of social inclusion in the labor market of Ukraine. The relevance of the study is due to the constant transformation of the modern labor market in Ukraine, which is due to the needs of consumers, foreign economic ties, intellectualization of production, the ratio of supply and demand, the quality of the personnel of enterprises, institutions and organizations, etc. These factors affect the change in industrial relations, the range of subjects of which is constantly changing. Accordingly, there is a mutual reorientation of the needs of consumers of the labor market and offers of commodity producers and service providers. The features of the implementation of social inclusion were determined by studying the scientific literature and analyzing the legal acts that made it possible to generalize on the specified problem. In the course of scientific research, it is determined that the state regulatory documents of Ukraine are based on international regulatory legal acts and establish requirements and principles relating to the functioning of state structures and relations on social inclusion, regulate and establish the equality of rights and opportunities of all citizens. In addition, the availability of the necessary logistics and the creation of unhindered and safe working conditions serve as determining factors in the labor choice in the labor market. Potential employers should focus on ensuring barrier-free for their employees or consumers of the services offered, as this affects labor productivity, economic results of enterprises. It is proved that social inclusion excludes any discrimination on health grounds and implies a tolerant attitude towards all people who have special needs. The materials of the article have scientific value for scientists, applicants for education and specialists who focus on inclusive processes in society.