Marine Industrial Research Articles

Composite Risk Assessment of HNS Discharged from Marine Industrial Facilities: A Case Study on Incheon Port, South Korea

This study conducted a composite risk assessment to evaluate the environmental impacts of phenol, a Hazardous and Noxious Substance (HNS) released or leaked from port facilities. The study area was designated as the vicinity of Incheon Port, South Korea, where the volume of petrochemical-related materials is substantial and various industrial facilities are located. For the composite risk assessment, various vulnerability maps were developed, incorporating the dispersion range of phenol calculated through numerical modeling. The vulnerability maps were generated by classifying socio-environment, legally protected areas, habitats, and species, followed by integrating these individual vulnerability maps to construct an integrated vulnerability map. The composite risk assessment was conducted by considering both the integrated vulnerability map and the dispersion range of phenol. The assessment results indicated that the highest risk by depth was observed in the lower layers due to the settling characteristics of phenol. Spatially, areas where islands and coastlines converge exhibited relatively higher risks. This was attributed to the high concentrations of phenol released from industrial facilities, such as crude oil refineries, petrochemical plants, and organic compound manufacturers, in regions characterized by intense human activity, sensitive habitats, and legally protected areas. Continuous monitoring of these high-risk areas is crucial for assessing the environmental impacts of HNS substances like phenol.

Evaluation of marine economic development demonstration zone policy on marine industrial structure optimization: a case study of Zhejiang, China

The marine economic development demonstration zone (MEDDZ) is the regional marine functional policy that assumes the significant tasks of innovation in the system and mechanism of the marine economy, optimization of the marine industrial structures, and the construction of marine ecological civilization. This paper constructs a panel database of 11 coastal provinces in China from 2006 to 2019, takes the Zhejiang Marine Economy Development Demonstration Zone Plan officially approved by the State Council of China in 2011 as a quasi-natural experiment, applies the synthetic control method (SCM) to evaluate the effect of implementation of the MEDDZ policy on marine industrial structure optimization in Zhejiang. The results show that: (1) The MEDDZ policy significantly promotes the structure optimization of the marine industry in Zhejiang and the existence of the policy lag phenomenon. (2) Based on the results of the robustness tests, we find that the fitted path of policy effects is better when the time of MEDDZ implementation is adjusted to 2012. (3) Government financial support and marine cargo capacity play a role in implementing the MEDDZ policy, positively affecting and optimizing the coastal marine industry’s structure. Therefore, we make some suggestions from the perspectives of strengthening the policy implementation process, focusing on the policy lag phenomenon, and broadening funding sources, thus enriching theoretical research on policies in the field of the marine industry and providing practical references for the development of other coastal demonstration zones.

Impact of marine industrial agglomeration on high-quality marine economic development: the mediating effect of knowledge spillover

Industrial agglomeration significantly influences economic development; however, its impact on high-quality economic growth within the marine industry remains understudied. We conducted a study using panel data from 11 coastal provinces in China (2008–2020) and used the entropy method to quantify high-quality marine economic development (HQMED). Our study meticulously examines the direct, mediating, and nonlinear effects of marine industrial agglomeration (MIA) on HQMED. The key findings include the following: (1) There is a steady HQMED growth and reduced interprovincial gaps. (2) MIA significantly enhances local HQMED and leads to positive spatial spillover to adjacent regions. (3) The analysis of the mediating effect highlights the pivotal role of knowledge spillover in MIA’s influence on HQMED. (4) Threshold analysis shows significant MIA effects on local and neighboring HQMED using knowledge spillover as a threshold variable. The study’s findings hold theoretical and practical significance and guide MIA’s role in fostering sustainable marine economic development in China.

Impact of the coupling relationship between marine industry and regional development on the marine economy

To investigate the relationship between the marine industry and regional development, and assess its impact on the marine economy. The study creates an evaluation index system for the coupling relationship between the marine economy and regional development. It applies coupling theory and combines the hierarchical analysis method with the entropy weight method to determine the weight of each index. By constructing the coupling degree and coupling coordination degree model, this paper quantitatively analyzes the coupling relationship and applies the coefficient of variation to assess the coordinated development differences between different regions. The study utilized data from the official China Marine Statistical Yearbook. The analysis revealed an upward trend in the coupling degree of the marine economy and regional development during the study period, increasing from 0.58 to 0.72. This indicated a significant strengthening of the interaction and synergistic development between the two. In typical coastal areas, the coupling degree increased from 0.62 to 0.78, indicating the significant contribution of the marine industry to the region's comprehensive economic development. The study proposes policy recommendations to enhance the adjustment of the marine industrial structure and technological innovation, promote inter-regional cooperation and resource sharing, and strengthen marine environmental protection and sustainable resource utilization. These measures aim to promote the development of the marine economy while safeguarding marine resources.

Where Is the Path to Sustainable Marine Development? Evaluation and Empirical Analysis of the Synergy between Marine Carrying Capacity and Marine Economy High-Quality Development

Enhancing the marine carrying capacity (MCC) is of important value in hastening the transformation of the marine economy and realising the marine economy high-quality development (MEHD). We explore the synergistic mechanism between the MCC and MEHD and its comprehensive indicator system, measure the synergistic relationship between China’s MCC and MEHD from 2006 to 2020 using the improved TOPSIS model and the composite system synergism model, and explore the influencing factors and their interactions using geographic probes. The research findings are (1) that China’s MCC and MEHD show a growing trend during the study period, in which marine green development is at a higher level and the cultivation of marine knowledge improves most significantly, but the general value of the MEHD is relatively low. (2) In terms of the synergistic relationship, the degree of ordering of the two shows a sustained rising trend, and the degree of ordering of the marine economy development as a whole is higher than the MCC; the degree of synergy is increasing, but the general value of synergistic development is low. (3) The main factors driving the MCC and MEHD are the marine consumption capacity, the marine opening, and the marine industrial structure; the explanatory power of most factor interactions tends to decrease, and the explanatory power of the interactions among the development of land-based economy, the marine industry structure, and the marine economy increase, and the impacts of the different factor interactions on the synergistic development are all greater than the factors. The influence of different factors on synergistic development is greater than the influence of each factor alone.

Impact of marine industrial agglomeration on the high-quality development of the marine economy——A case study of China's coastal areas

Although the high-quality development of the marine economy has become a new paradigm to explore sustainable development in China, the path to its realization remains unclear. One path being explored in China is industrial agglomeration, but whether industry clustering leads to high-quality development of the marine economy has not been fully explored. Thus, the impact of industrial agglomeration on the marine economy deserves further investigation. This study first establishes a five-dimensional index system (innovation, coordination, greenness, openness, and inclusivity) to gauge the quality of marine economic development and then applies a hybrid method to evaluate each dimension. Furthermore, from an industry perspective, this study explores the influence mechanism of marine industry agglomeration on the high-quality development of China’s marine economy from several dimensions. The results show that (1) different regions have significantly different development levels, and the growth rates vary across each dimension. (2) From a broad standpoint, marine industry clustering has greatly promoted high-quality economic development in four sectors: innovation, coordination, openness, and inclusivity. However, its impact on green development has a time lag. (3) From the perspective of geographical heterogeneity, the impact of industry clustering is insignificant in the Bohai Rim region, positive in the South China Sea region, and negative in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. Our study can enrich the research in this field and provide reference for the development of marine industry and marine economy in coastal areas.

Research on Financial Support for Transformation and Upgrading of Guangxi's Marine Industrial Structure

Guangxi is the only province in China that is connected with the land and sea of the ASEAN countries. It is also the front and window of China's opening and cooperation to the ASEAN, and an important gateway for the land and sea convergence of the new land and sea channel in the west. Guangxi's marine economy continues to grow rapidly, and the transformation and upgrading of its marine industrial structure are facing both opportunities and challenges. Firstly, this paper reviews and analyzes the development process of Guangxi's marine industry, introduces the resource advantages and basic conditions of Guangxi's marine industry in detail, and focuses on issues such as marine scientific, technological innovation， and personnel training. Secondly, the paper puts forward some suggestions and measures on financial support for the transformation and upgrading of Guangxi's marine industry structure, including increasing credit investment in the marine industry, innovating the financial service model, supporting scientific and technological innovation and personnel training, etc., which provide new paths for Guangxi's marine industry to achieve sustainable development.

The impact of marine industrial structure rationalization on marine economic growth

As an important part of the world economy today, the marine economy is of great significance for promoting economic growth and sustainable development. To better promote the development of marine economy, the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test was first used to test the stationarity of marine economy related variables to ensure the reliability of the model. Then, the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) is used to analyze the long-term stable relationship and short-term dynamic adjustment relationship between the marine industrial structure rationalization and the marine economic growth. These results reveal the mechanism of the influence of the rationalization of marine industrial structure on the growth of marine economy. It is found that among the eastern coastal provinces and cities, the rationalization level of marine industrial structure in Shanghai is up to 0.163 points, which is higher than other cities. The main reasons are the low specialization index of marine labor force, the comprehensive utilization amount of industrial waste in 10,000 yuan of gross marine product, the low environmental protection index, and the large gap between the benefits of each index. In addition, the study also found that the Granger causality test values of the delayed combination of variables Gross Ocean Product (GOP), ts, GOP, and ts were 5.531, 14.672, and 15.069, respectively. Finally, it is found that the upgrading of marine industrial structure and the output of marine economy will correct the deviation of industry rationalization below the equilibrium value in the short term at a rate of 0.1675. According to the above results, the study puts forward the following suggestions. First, it needs to strengthen the planning and layout of the marine industry, rationally guide the allocation of resources and industrial development. Second, it needs to increase support for scientific and technological innovation, and promote technological progress and industrial upgrading. The third is to strengthen the government's policy support and supervision to provide a stable policy environment and market environment for industrial development. The innovation lies in the systematic study of the relationship between the rationalization of marine industrial structure and the growth of marine economy.

Development of Scoring and Ranking System Methodology for Prioritization of Hazardous and Noxious Substances (HNS) Discharged from Marine Industrial Facilities

Development of Scoring and Ranking System Methodology for Prioritization of Hazardous and Noxious Substances (HNS) Discharged from Marine Industrial Facilities

Proposal for Toxicity Test-based Water Quality Criteria for Zinc as Hazardous and Noxious Substances (HNS) in Effluent from Marine Industrial Facilities in Korea

Proposal for Toxicity Test-based Water Quality Criteria for Zinc as Hazardous and Noxious Substances (HNS) in Effluent from Marine Industrial Facilities in Korea

해양산업시설 배출 위험·유해물질의 해수 분석법 개발: 퍼지앤트랩/GC-MS 적용

해양산업시설 배출 위험·유해물질의 해수 분석법 개발: 퍼지앤트랩/GC-MS 적용

Exploring the role of technical and financial support in upgrading the marine industrial structure in the Bohai Rim region: Evidence from coastal cities

This study examines the role of technical and financial support in promoting the upgrading of the marine industrial structure in the Bohai Rim region. Using panel data from coastal cities around the Bohai Sea from 2006 to 2020, the study applies financial constraint theory and resource endowment theory to analyze the spatial spillover of technical and financial support on the marine industry. The results indicate that technical and financial support positively affects the upgrading of the marine industrial structure. Still, technical support negatively affects coastal cities around the Bohai Sea. The study also reveals that financial support has a threshold effect, and once this threshold is crossed, the government can promote the upgrading of the marine industrial structure through financial intervention, environmental regulation, and improving market opening. The findings also suggest that upgrading the marine industry will promote local economic growth but may have a siphon effect and inhibit economic growth in surrounding cities. However, it will optimize the local environment and show a significant positive spillover effect on the environmental optimization of surrounding cities. The study's conclusions can inform the construction of cross-regional industry-university research platforms and facilitate the high-quality development of marine-related industries in the Bohai Rim region.

Forecasting China’s marine scientific research and education, marine industrial structure upgrading and marine economy growth based on the AWBO-MGM(1,m) model

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the internal interaction mechanism of marine scientific research and education, industrial structure upgrading and marine economic growth from a systematic perspective, based on which this work forecasts their future development trends.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, a multivariate grey model is applied to the prediction of marine scientific research and education, industrial structure upgrading and marine economic growth. Considering the impact of the COVID-19 on marine development, this paper introduces the weakening buffer operator into MGM(1,m) and constructs the AWBO-MGM(1,m) model. To verify the validity and accuracy of the new model, this paper uses AWBO-MGM(1,m), MGM(1,m), GM(1,N), GM(1,1), back propagation neural network and linear regression models for simulation and prediction based on the data from 2010 to 2021, respectively.FindingsFrom the theoretical perspective, the development of marine scientific research and education can accelerate industrial upgrading and promote marine economic growth by providing high-quality talents, promoting marine science and technology progress and reducing transaction costs; while the upgrading of marine industrial structure and marine economic growth can promote the development of marine scientific research and education by guiding social capital, enhancing talent demand and stimulating market vitality. From the empirical analysis, the AWBO-MGM(1,m) model can effectively deal with epidemic shocks and has higher fitting and prediction accuracy than the other five comparative models.Practical implicationsThe government should pay attention to the construction of marine scientific research and education, so as to provide high-quality talents and advanced scientific research results for the high-quality development of marine economy. On the basis of using science and technology to firmly build the primary and secondary marine industries, the government should actively guide the labor, capital and other factors of production to the tertiary industry, thereby promoting the optimization and upgrading of marine industrial structure.Originality/valueOn the one hand, the interplay mechanism of marine scientific research and education, industrial structure upgrading and marine economic growth is analyzed from a systematic perspective; on the other hand, the enhanced AWBO-MGM(1,m) possesses higher forecasting performance and is applicable to the systemic multivariate forecasting problem in the presence of outstanding external shocks.

Social Impact Assessment of Introduction of Best Available Technology in Marine Industrial Facilities

Social Impact Assessment of Introduction of Best Available Technology in Marine Industrial Facilities

Does environmental regulation improve marine carbon efficiency? The role of marine industrial structure

With the continuous increase of marine development, intensive economic activities have reduced the marine carbon efficiency and seriously damaged the marine ecological environment, which needs reasonable environmental regulations to guide. This study aims to examine the interactions between marine environmental regulation and carbon efficiency to achieve the goal of carbon emission reduction for the sustainability of marine ecosystem. This study empirically analyzes the heterogeneous effects and mediating effects of China's marine environmental policies on marine carbon efficiency using the mediating effects model and generalized moments estimation. The results show that there is a “U” shaped relationship between marine environmental regulation and marine carbon efficiency in China, marine environmental regulation can indirectly promote marine carbon efficiency through the transmission mechanism of resource allocation efficiency and structural optimization of marine industries. In addition, China's marine environmental regulation policies have regional heterogeneous effects on marine carbon efficiency. This study provides a new perspective for optimizing marine carbon efficiency and sustainable development of marine ecosystem.

Case Study on the Effluent Guidelines of Foreign Cases for the Development of Hazardous Noxious Substances (HNS) from Marine Industrial Facilities Management Guidelines, Korea: Focusing on the US EPA Guidelines

Case Study on the Effluent Guidelines of Foreign Cases for the Development of Hazardous Noxious Substances (HNS) from Marine Industrial Facilities Management Guidelines, Korea: Focusing on the US EPA Guidelines

Study on High Sensitivity Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Sensors for HNS Monitoring of Emissions from Marine Industrial Facilities

Study on High Sensitivity Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Sensors for HNS Monitoring of Emissions from Marine Industrial Facilities

해양산업시설 배출 위험·유해물질 해양환경 영향평가; 안정동위원소 기반 생물 축적성 평가

위험·유해물질(HNS, Harzardous and Noxious Substances)의 배출허용 기준치 설정과 관련하여, 해양산업시설 주변 방출되는 HNS의 현장기반 생물축적 정보는 수생태계 독성평가 데이터베이스(DB)를 구축하는데 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 안정동위원소 기법을 이용하여 해양생태계 내 먹이단계 구조를 우선적으로 결정하여, 생물영양단계 축적평가와 관련된 활용 가능성을 파악하고자 하였다. 전국 해양산업시설 주변(평택, 보령, 영광, 여수, 울산)에서 측정된 입자성 유기물질(POM) 내 질소 안정동위원소값(δSUP15/SUPN)은 지역 간 유의한 차이(울산-평택; 10.9‰, p0.01)를 보였으며, 이는 각 지역 해양생태계 내 유입되는 유기물 공급 특성 차이가 반영된 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 배경 δSUP15/SUPN값의 변동성은 상위영양생물의 총 조직(bulk tissue)을 활용한 먹이단계(TP) 산출시 동일 해양생물 종임에도 서식지별 TP가 달리 산출될 수 있음을 의미한다. 이를 보완하기 위해 테스트베드(울산 온산만) 내 채집된 시료(POM, 동물플랑크톤, 어류) 내 특정 아미노산(페닐알라닌과 글루타민산)의 δSUP15/SUPN값을 추가 분석하였다. 이를 통해 동물플랑크톤-어류 내 전형적인 영양단계 분별계수(TDF; ~8‰)을 반영한 먹이사슬 구조 특징을 확인하였다. 하지만, 글로벌 TP 데이터베이스와의 비교시, 테스트베드 내 ΔTP 변동성(TPSUBbulk-fishbase/SUB, TPSUBAA—fishbase/SUB)은 통계적 유의한 차이(p0.01)는 보이지 않았다. 따라서 테스트베드 내두 방법을 사용한 TP 평가는 현장기반 HNS 생물축적성 규명을 위해 모두 적용 가능할 것으로 예상된다. 추후, 전국단위 수준에서 보다 신뢰성 있는 HNS 생물축적 자료를 도출하기 위해 해양산업시설 주변 다양한 해양생물 내 TP 자료 확보가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

해양산업시설에서 배출되는 화학물질의 생물학적 독성평가 연구

본 연구에서는 해양산업시설에서 배출되는 화학물질을 대상으로 국내 서식종을 기반으로 한 생물학적 독성평가를 수행하였다. 시험물질은 유해도, 물리적 거동, 해양산업시설 실태조사 출현물질 등을 기준으로 하여 Copper, Nickel, 2-propanol, Phenol을 선정하였다. 시험생물은 국내에 서식하며, 표준 시험방법이 존재하고, 실내 사육이 가능하며, 독성 민감도가 높은 종을 우선하여 식물플랑크톤 2종, 무척추동물 4종, 해조류 2종, 어류 2종(총 10종)을 선정하였다. 독성시험 결과를 활용하여 종민감도분포곡선(Species Sensitivity Distribution curve, SSD) 기반 HC5 (Hazardous Concentration of 5 %)를 추정하였으며, 안전계수를 적용하여 예측무영향농도(Predicted No Effect Concentration, PNEC)를 산출하였다. 확률론적 방법으로 산출한 PNEC는 0.008 mg/L (Copper), 0.33 mg/L (Nickel), 554 mg/L (2-propanol), 2.4 mg/L (Phenol)로 나타났으며, 국외종을 기반으로 한 PNEC와 비교하여 차이를 나타냈다. 현재 국내 수질 준거치는 미국 및 유럽의 환경기준 등을 적용하고 있어 국내 수생태계의 특성을 반영하지 못하고 있다. 따라서, 국내 해양 서식종을 기반으로 한 독성시험과 종민감도분포곡선을 활용한 위해성 평가를 수행하여 도출된 준거치를 해양산업시설 배출허용기준 설정 시 활용할 필요가 있다.

해양산업시설 장기영향평가를 위한 해양예측모델 구축 및 배출 HNS의 단기 확산예측 평가

우리나라 연안에 위치한 해양 산업시설에서 배출하는 HNS의 영향을 평가하기 위해 수치모델링을 실시하고 데이터베이스를 구축하였다. 데이터베이스를 기반으로 산업시설이 위치한 상세역에 대해 유동장을 구축하였으며, 해역 내에 존재하는 HNS의 실태를 파악하기 위해 채수를 실시하고 2-propanol이 여수 산단으로부터 지속적으로 배출된다는 사실을 확인하였다. 지속적인 해역의 장기영향평가를 진행하기에 앞서 단기 영향평가를 실시하였으며, 방류구에서 발생하는 농도를 추정하였다. 2-propanol의 해역 실관측 최대값은 3.46 mg/L로 반복실험을 통해 St.7에서 모의한 결과의 최대치가 수렴할 수 있도록 방류구의 위치와 제거율을 결정하였다. 관측값에서는 St.8 인근에서의 2-propanol 농도가 급격하게 감소하였으나 모의 결과에서는 지나치게 높게 산출되었다. 방류구에서의 농도가 현 상황에서는 조사가 불가능하여 배출시설에서의 직접적인 모니터링이 현실적으로 불가능한 실정이므로, 추후 배출시설 인근 해역의 공간분포 자료와 방류구의 농도를 조사하여 단기 영향 평가에 대한 모델 검증을 추가적으로 실시해야 할 것으로 판단된다.