Margin Value Research Articles

COCOA MARKETING CHANNEL ANALYSIS IN MARGOLEMBO VILLAGE, MANGKUTANA DISTRICT, EAST LUWU REGENCY

The cocoa marketing problem faced is the lack of information on marketing channels for farmers whereas from the farmer's point of view as producers, information regarding effective and efficient marketing channels is one of the things that can encourage increased cocoa production. The importance of access to marketing information for farmers so that farmers can find out directly the selling price of cocoa from each marketing agency. The purpose of this research is to analyze the size of the margin in each cocoa bean marketing channel that has been formed. The analysis in this study includes channel analysis and marketing functions, marketing margins and efficiency. The results showed that there were 2 marketing channels in Margolembo Village, where channel I: farmers --- wholesalers --- cocoa management companies and channel II: farmers --- collecting traders --- wholesalers --- cocoa management companies. Marketing functions carried out by cocoa bean marketing institutions include exchange functions, physical functions and facility functions. The biggest margin, cost and profit value is in channel II, which is Rp 4,000. Based on the marketing efficiency analysis obtained, the two marketing channels in Margolembo Village are efficient and channel I is the most efficient marketing channel with a value of 4.4% and marketing channel II with an efficiency value of 6.9%. The conclusion of this research is that marketing channel I's marketing margin is Rp 1,000/kg and in marketing channel II is Rp 4,000/kg.

COLLABORATION AMONG FARMER’S AND INTERMEDIARY TRADERS IN MARKETING OF GREENHOUSE HYDROPONIC PRODUCTS IN GREATER MALANG

The emergence of negative effects associated with conventional agriculture encourages a transition from conventional to modern agriculture. Hydroponic farming, which utilizes water as a growing medium, is one form of modern agriculture. This research aimed to find out the management of farming business governance of hydroponic greenhouse products in Greater Malang, which includes commodities marketed, marketing institutions involved, the form of marketing channels that occur, and marketing functions used by analyzing marketing margins and farmer's share and knowing the corporate system between traders of hydroponic greenhouse products in Greater Malang. This study analyzed the data using qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods. Moreover, this study utilized ten samples determined by purposive sampling with consideration the aim of this research is clear, namely to find out the marketing of hydroponics greenhouse products in Greater Malang. In addition, the sample for this study was selected using the snowball sampling method, which sampled the marketing channels of the previous ten samples. The results of this study indicate that the management of hydroponic greenhouse vegetables in Greater Malang begins with the most frequently traded product, in this case, lettuce. Participating marketing institutions included farmers, collecting traders, retailers, restaurant consumers, and end consumers. Level 1 marketing channel is the channel with the most consumers. The marketing functions used are the exchange function, the procurement function, and the facilitating function. Level 0 marketing channels have no marketing margin value because the price farmers receive is identical to that of consumers. Marketing channel level 0 for all commodities and marketing channel level 1 for all commodities are deemed efficient for the farmer's share. The cooperative system among hydroponic greenhouse vegetable sellers in Greater Malang is harmonious, contributing to a healthy market atmosphere.

SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS OF RICE MARKETING ACTORS IN DUMAI CITY IN SUPPORTING URBAN FOOD SECURITY

Dumai City is a significant economic hub in Riau Province and a vital location for food distribution. Although it's an urban area, there is still a small amount of rice produced in Dumai City. However, most of the rice supply comes from various suppliers outside the region to meet the high demand. Due to this diverse supply chain, this study aims to analyze the structure, mechanisms, and performance of the marketing in the premium rice supply chain at each level of the marketing institution. This research was conducted using a survey method among marketing actors at each level of marketing institutions selected purposively. To analyze the structure and mechanism of the rice supply chain, qualitative analysis is used. Quantitative analysis is used to analyze marketing performance in the rice supply chain. The research method used was a survey of rice marketing institutions in Dumai City, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. The results show that three marketing institutions are involved in marketing rice in Dumai City, each with a unique supply chain. Upon analyzing the marketing performance of the premium rice supply chain, it was found that all marketing channels utilized by wholesalers and retailers are efficient. Among these channels, channel 3, supplier-wholesaler-end consumer, has the smallest margin value, while channel 2, out-of-town distributor-traditional retailer-end consumer, has the highest profit-cost ratio value of 125.67. This marketing channel offers the lowest price for premium rice at the end consumer level, thereby ensuring greater access to food for the community and promoting urban food resilience. Among these channels, channel 2 of retailers that were out-of-town distributor-traditional retailer-end consumers had the best marketing efficiency value (0,09%) and the highest profit-cost ratio value of 125.67. Based on the results of this research, it is a challenge for the development of local rice agro-industry in creating efficient marketing performance to strengthen regional food security.

Determinants of Net Profit Margin in Plastic and Packaging Sub-Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020-2022 Period

Net profit margin is important to be able to increase company profits. Net profit margin is a comparison that shows the company's net profit on the results of buying and selling, the higher the value of the net profit margin the higher the organization's ability to earn net profit from sales. The purpose of this study is to understand and measure the impact of Current Ratio (CR) and Debt to Asset Ratio (DER) on net profit margin for plastic and packaging sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2020-2022. This study used a quantitative approach with a total of 36 research samples. The sample selection technique uses purposive sampling. The test was conducted using multiple regression analysis, research data obtained through financial reports sourced on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Liquidity as measured by CR does not significantly affect net profit margin. While another factor is that leverage measured by DER has a significant positive impact on net profit margin. The limitations of this study are the lack of samples and the low adjusted R square number of 0.439, meaning that the independent variable is only able to describe its effect on the dependent variable as much as 43.9%. Suggestions for future research are to add samples and other variables including (1) company size; (2) sales growth; (3) total asset turnover and so on that can explain the effect on net profit margin.

Evaluation of the trend of set-up errors during the treatment period using set-up margin in prostate radiotherapy

Accurate information on set-up error during radiotherapy is essential for determining the optimal number of treatments in hypofractionated radiotherapy for prostate cancer. This necessitates careful control by the radiotherapy staff to assess the patient's condition. This study aimed to develop an evaluation method of the temporal trends in a patient's specific prostate movement during treatment using image matching and margin values. This study included 65 patients who underwent prostate volumetric modulated arc therapy (mean treatment time, 87.2 s). Set-up errors were assessed using bone, inter-, and intra-fraction marker matching across 39 fractions. The set-up margin was determined by dividing the four periods into 39 fractions using Stroom's formula and correlation coefficient. The intra-fraction set-up error was biased in the anterior-superior (AS) direction during treatment. The temporal trend of set-up errors during radiotherapy slightly increased based on bone matching and inter-fraction marker matching, with a 1.6-mm difference in the set-up margin fractions 11 to 20. The correlation coefficient of the mean prostate movement during treatment significantly decreased in the superior-inferior direction, while remaining high in the left-right and anterior-posterior directions. Image matching contributed significantly to the improvement of set-up errors; however, careful attention is needed for prostate movement in the AS direction, particularly during short treatment times. Understanding the trend of set-up errors during the treatment period is essential in numerical information sharing on patient condition and evaluating the margins for tailored hypo-fractionated radiotherapy, considering the facility's image-guided radiation therapy technology.

A static replication approach for callable interest rate derivatives: mathematical foundations and efficient estimation of SIMM–MVA

The computation of credit risk measures such as exposure and Credit Value Adjustments (CVA) requires the simulation of future portfolio prices. Recent metrics, such as dynamic Initial Margin (IM) and Margin Value Adjustments (MVA) additionally require the simulation of future conditional sensitivities. For portfolios with non-linear instruments that do not admit closed-form valuation formulas, this poses a significant computational challenge. This problem is addressed by proposing a static replication algorithm for interest rate options with early-exercise features under an affine term-structure model. Under the appropriate conditions, we can find an equivalent portfolio of vanilla options that replicate these products. Specifically, we decompose the product into a portfolio of European swaptions. The weights and strikes of the portfolio are obtained by regressing the target option value with interpretable, feed-forward neural networks. Once an equivalent portfolio of European swaptions is determined, we can leverage on closed-form expressions to obtain the conditional prices and sensitivities, which serve as an input to exposure and SIMM-driven MVA quantification. For a consistent forward sensitivity estimation, this involves the differentiation of the portfolio-weights. The accuracy and convergence of the method is demonstrated through several representative numerical examples, benchmarked against the established least-square Monte Carlo method.

Sustainability of Integrated Farming Between Robusta Coffee and Goat Livestock in Pupuan District, Tabanan Regency

Purpose of this research was to analyze actual income, optimize income and analyze the sustainability of integrated farming between Robusta coffee and goat farming in Pupuan District, Tabanan Regency. Location of research was determined purposive with several considerations. The research sample was 30 farmers plus seven experts. Data collected using in-depth interviews, surveys with questionnaires, browsing through the internet, literature studies, farmers' notes and reports from related agencies. Data analysis using Gross Margin analysis, Linear Programming with the help of BLPX88 Software, Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) with RAP-Farm approach, and Participatory Prospective analysis. Based on the research results, it is known that the average actual income of farmers from integrated farming between Robusta coffee and goat livestock is Rp 19.179.508,00 a year or Rp 1.598.292,00 a month. Optimizing the income of all farmers with a cultivated land area of 23.01 ha, it is stated that farming is carried out optimally with a maximum income of IDR 492.081.500,00 a year. An increase of Rp 29.033.405,00 or 6.27% a year from the gross margin value of Rp 463,048,095.00 a year. The sustainability status of all dimensions is stated to be quite sustainable with an index value of 64.73. Based on the Participatory Prospective analysis, it is known that the factors that most influence on sustainability are altitude, farmer's education level, climate conditions, government policy, availability of production inputs, frequency of extension and training of farmers, farmer's knowledge, coordination with institutions/agencies, availability of production facilities, availability of farmer capital. It can be suggested that farmers' income needs to be increased again by using the right farming technology. To maximize farming income, farmers should use labor in families that are still large. It is necessary to increase the index value and status of sustainability in all dimensions through intervention on the most influential key factors.

Novel hybrid-CMOS inverter utilizing phase transition material for enhancing digital logic performance at lower operating voltages

This research paper introduces a novel design for a hybrid-CMOS inverter using vanadium dioxide (VO2), a phase transition material. The proposed inverter exhibits a remarkably steep transition for falling logic at the output(1–0). By leveraging the insulating to metallic current density (IC-IMT) of VO2, the depth and gain of this transition can be finely tuned. Notably, a higher IC-IMT value yields a greater gain in the transition slope. In comparison to a traditional CMOS inverter, the designed inverter demonstrates several advantages. It achieves higher values of lower noise margin (NML) and significantly reduces static power dissipation by 97.7%. These promising outcomes present an exciting opportunity for designing inverters at lower drain voltages, especially in devices operating at lower technology nodes. Furthermore, the hybrid-CMOS inverter is designed to excel in the sub-threshold region of operation, resulting in elevated values of lower noise margin and reduced leakage current values.

Analgesic efficacy of an opioid-free postoperative pain management strategy versus a conventional opioid-based strategy following laparoscopic radical gastrectomy: an open-label, randomized, controlled, non-inferiority trial

ObjectiveIn patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy, the use of subcostal transversus abdominis plane block (STAPB) for completely opioid-free postoperative pain management lacks convincing clinical evidence.MethodsThis study included 112 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy at the 900TH Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force from October 2020 to March 2022. Patients were randomly divided into (1:1) continuous opioid-free STAPB (C-STAPB) group and conventional group. In the C-STAPB group, 0.2% ropivacaine (bilateral, 20 ml per side) was injected intermittently every 12 h through a catheter placed on the transverse abdominis plane for postoperative pain management. The conventional group was treated with a conventional intravenous opioid pump (2.5 μg/kg sufentanil and 10 mg tropisetron, diluted to 100 ml with 0.9% NS). The primary outcomes were the accumulative area under the curve of the numeric rating scale (NRS) score at 24 and 48 h postoperatively at rest and during movement. The secondary outcomes were postoperative recovery outcomes, postoperative daily food intake, and postoperative complications.ResultsAfter exclusion (n = 16), a total of 96 patients (C-STAPB group, n = 46; conventional group, n = 49) were included. We found there were no significant differences in the cumulative AUC of NRS score PACU-24 h and PACU-48 h between the C-STAPB group and conventional group at rest [(mean difference, 1.38; 95% CI, − 2.21 to 4.98, P = 0.447), (mean difference, 1.22; 95% CI, − 6.20 to 8.65, P = 0.744)] and at movement [(mean difference, 2.90; 95% CI, − 3.65 to 9.46; P = 0.382), (mean difference, 4.32; 95% CI, − 4.46 to 13.1; P = 0.331)]. The 95% CI upper bound of the difference between rest and movement in the C-STAPB group was less than the inferior margin value (9.5 and 14 points), indicating the non-inferiority of the analgesic effect of C-STPAB. The C-STAPB group had faster postoperative recovery profiles including earlier bowel movement, defecation, more volume of food intake postoperative, and lower postoperative nausea and vomiting compared to conventional groups (P < 0.001).ConclusionsAfter laparoscopic radical gastrectomy, the analgesic effect of C-STAPBP is not inferior to the traditional opioid-based pain management model.Trial registrationChiCTR2100051784.

Preliminary analysis of the core design for Indonesia Micro Reactor (IMR-13)

The development of microreactor technology can meet the energy needs of specific regions of Indonesia’s underdeveloped, foremost, and outermost areas. One of the latest microreactor designs is the Indonesia Micro Reactor (IMR-13), which has seed and blanket fuel and 5MWt power generation. The IMR-13 reactor has characteristic design features for operation for as many as ten years without refuelling. The reactor core comprises integral fuel elements consisting of a heat pipe, fuel matrix, fuel cladding, and graphite moderator. There are two fuel element types: seed fuel elements with 19.75 % low-enriched uranium oxide and blanket fuel elements with thorium oxide – graphite reflectors on the bottom, sides, and top surround the reactor core. Side reflectors have moving parts that function to regulate reactor power. There are no active components in this reactor. Heat transfer occurs by natural circulation in the heat pipe to the molten salt pool and then from the molten salt pool to the steam generator. This research focuses on the neutronic aspect of the reactor, particularly in calculating the seed and blanket ratio to allow the reactor to operate for ten years with minimal power peaking factor. The selected variant model has 979 seeds and 294 blankets. The variation model has a value of excess reactivity at the beginning of the life of 937 pcm. Each value of the shutdown margin for system first and system second sequentially is 3020 pcm and 2994 pcm. The temperature reactivity coefficient is negative, implying inherent safety. At the end of life, the burnup value was achieved at 4.97 GWd/MTU with an excess reactivity of 271 pcm. A parameter analysis of the burnup characteristics will follow in the selected variant model. The parameters examined were the core power distribution, delayed neutrons, the fast fission factor, conversion ratio, and decay heat.

Can the Safe Surgical Margin Be Narrowed in Early-Stage Facial Basal Cell Carcinoma?

To examine factors that affect the positive surgical margins of facial basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and investigate whether the surgical margin value can be narrowed in early-stage facial BCCs. Ninety-five patients were divided into the three groups based on prognosis: good (n = 48), mixed (n = 32), and poor (n = 15). The good prognosis group (group 1) included nodular and superficial subtypes; the mixed prognosis group (group 2) included nodular-infiltrative, nodular-micronodular, and nodular-sclerosing subtypes; and the poor prognosis group (group 3) included infiltrative and micronodular subtypes. Groups 1 and 2 differed from each other significantly in terms of positive surgical margin (P = .002) and tumor thickness (P = .008), but group 3 did not (P = .851 and P = .804, respectively). With regard to surgical method (primary vs local flap repair), only tumor localization varied significantly (P < .001). Groups differed significantly in terms of surgical margin positivity, the distance of the tumor to the surgical margin, and the tumor thickness. The intact surgical margin was 2 mm on average in this study, and the authors suggest that it may be possible to revise the surgical margin values recommended in the literature.

Marketing Margin and Value of Farmer's Share on Rendang Product In Payakumbuh City

Rendang products can provide a considerable contribution to each marketing institution involved. The study aims to analyze the value of and marketing margin and farmer's share for producers of the beef-based rendang industry in Payakumbuh City. The research was conducted in 2022 in the central area of the rendang industry in West Sumatra, namely Payakumbuh City. The study involved twelve rendang industries that produce rendang using beef. Data were analyzed using the marketing margin and farmer's share (Fs) formulas to determine the value received by each marketing margin and the share received by rendang producers. The result showed that the average value of marketing margin based on the number of rendang variants produced (one variant, two variants, and three variants) showed that three rendang variants produced were able to provide the highest marketing margin value of 75.21%, compared to marketing margin of two rendang variants (72.85%), and one rendang variant (59.18%). Meanwhile, marketing margins based on the type of rendang variants produced are rendang sliced (74.41%), rendang suir (75.26%), and rendang tumbuak (73.48%) with Fs value by sequentially are 13.76%, 14.28%, and 13.58%.

Analisis Pemasaran dalam Rangka Peningkatan Efisiensi Pasar Ikan Tangkap

Marine fish production in PPN Palabuhanratu fluctuates every year. This condition impacts fish prices at the producer and consumer levels. The low cost of fish is one of the problems with PPN Palabuhanratu. In addition, perishable products affect the importance of an efficient marketing process so that fish can reach consumers fresh. The research aims to analyze the marketing to increase fish catches, especially efficiency in madidihang tuna in PPN Palabuhanratu. This research was conducted from November 2022 to June 2023, interviewing ten respondents from 10 sample ships. The study used three methods (purposive sampling, accidental sampling, and snowball sampling). Primary and secondary data are used in this research to calculate marketing margin, fishermen's share, and profit-cost ratio. The result is four marketing channels, the most efficient being the marketing channel from traders, fishermen, and consumers. This is because this channel has the smallest margin value, the highest fishermen's share value, and the profitable value of cost benefits.

Adaptive proposal network based on generative adversarial learning for weakly supervised temporal sentence grounding

Temporal sentence grounding aims to locate the moment most related to the given natural language query. Noticing the time-consuming labeling process of the temporal bounding boxes, recent works started to focus on the weakly supervised temporal sentence grounding (WTSG) with only video-text pairwise annotations. Existing WTSG methods mainly adopted anchor-based structure to generate moment candidates and trained the network with triplet loss between the positive and negative samples, and thus the network performance was seriously affected by the preset anchors and the loss margin. In this paper, we propose a novel contrastive generative adversarial learning method with adaptive box generation for WTSG tasks. Specifically, the temporal proposals are adaptively generated by a transformer-based box generator in a complete anchor-free manner. And a novel contrastive generative adversarial learning process is proposed for the network optimization, which can effectively encourages the separation of the positive and negative samples without preset margin value. Extensive experiments indicate that our method achieves the state-of-the-art performance on both of the Charades-STA and the ActivityNet Captions datasets.

Analisis Biaya Produksi Berbasis Pendekatan Variable Costing pada UMKM Catering Dapur Mutiara

The purpose of this research is to analyze how to estimate production costs at the Dapur Mutiara Catering business in October 2023 using a variable costing approach. Cost analysis with the variable costing method is a calculation of production costs that only includes variable cost elements. The method used in the research is a qualitative method with a case study approach. Through cost analysis and preparation of income statements, the study concludes that the sales value of Dapur Mutiara in October 2023 was Rp 20,332,000 with total variable costs to produce the products is Rp 15,113,000, thus in that period the contribution margin value was Rp 5,219,000 with a contribution profit ratio on sales reaching 25.67%. Meanwhile, the total fixed costs reached Rp 500,000, resulting in a net profit value of Rp 4,719,000. Thus, the profit target of 35% targeted by the business owner has not been achieved because the percentage value of net profit on sales is only 23.21%, this happens because the production costs are too high and the selling price is set too low

Implementasi Metode Full Costing untuk Menentukan Harga Jual Produk

Determining selling prices is one of the important and crucial problems that many small and medium companies experience. This is due to the large production price of the product (HPP), which is caused by many expenditure items not being identified, or the selling price having been set while the HPP is not yet known. This research aims to determine the amount of costs incurred by the company, in order to make it easier for the company to find out the amount of HPP. The method used is the full costing method, which is a method used to avoid losses resulting from product sales so that the company minimizes the price of making the product. The results of this research show that the HPP amount is 962,966,450 rupiah per year by adding 10-20% margin value so that the selling price of fertilizer is 2,650 thousand per kilogram of fertilizer.

Margin trading and value relevance of earnings: Evidence from China

Information asymmetry and accounting information effectiveness are important issues in the capital market. Based on a sample of China's A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2021, this paper studies the impact of China's margin trading and short-selling policy on the value relevance of earnings and the unerlying mechanisms. We find that, compared with companies that are not included in margin trading and short selling lists, the earnings value relevance of listed companies increases significantly after allowing for short selling. In addition, margin trading and short selling improve the value relevance of earnings more significantly for firms with higher agency costs and firms with lower information transparency.

Transmission line ice disaster early warning method based on ice thickness prediction using GM(1, 6) model

The operation of the electricity system faces the difficulty of minimizing ice damage to transmission lines. Due to the uncertainty of transmission line icing thickness, accurate prediction of icing thickness is very important to guide transmission line planning and power grid anti-icing design effectively. Scientific and reasonable early warning assessment of conductor icing is also helpful to make timely and accurate response measures to the possible freezing disaster risk, so as to effectively ensure the safe and stable operation of power grid and reduce the occurrence of the freezing disaster. Based on this, this paper proposes a multi-factor prediction model based on GM (1, 6) grey theory, which considers the transmission line conductor icing model under the influence of multiple meteorological factors. Based on the conductor icing model, the conductor icing degree can be predicted in real time according to meteorological parameters, so as to realize the purpose of transmission line conductor icing disaster risk early warning. It is worth noting that the paper improves the traditional grey model by adding random data functions, which makes the model solve the problem of inaccurate prediction of small samples. Finally, a case study is carried out, and the icing disaster risk is divided into five levels. It is found that the maximal prediction error of icing thickness based on GM (1, 6) grey theory multi-factor prediction model is 10.06%(The average value is only 4.22%), and the accuracy of transmission line conductor icing disaster risk early warning is 88.9%. In addition, a certain safety margin value is added to the predicted value near the critical value of icing thickness, reducing the probability of judging the high-risk level as low-risk. Applying risk early warning method in ice areas can guide the anti-ice work of transmission line.

Dynamic Inventory Management Model for Equipment Replacement with Probabilistic Distribution of Failures

The article deals with the issues of inventory management modeling of components to ensure the prompt replacement of deep-water pump installations for the oilfield industry in case of equipment failure. The review of literary sources on the subject of the study and the problem statement is given. The rationale for choosing a mathematical model for problem solution is given. The task of dynamic inventory management is to provide the necessary stock with minimal temporary losses from forced downtime at minimal component storage and supply cost for repair or replacement. The planning horizon is divided into several time periods where optimal amount of inventory is to be ensured. It is indicated that when planning stocks in the case of a large number of pieces of equipment operating under different conditions, it is advisable to use a probabilistic approach. An event distribution function is set for probabilistic flow of equipment shutdown. The problem is solved for each segment defining the margin value by means of the Wilson model for deterministic flow of events. The results of simulation modeling on the shutdowns of electric drive centrifugal pump installations at the wells of the Vyngapurovskoye field are presented. A histogram of equipment shutdown frequencies for various time intervals is given. An exponential best approximation function is constructed to approximate the number of stops from installation time to equipment stop, the function coefficients and the standard approximation error are calculated. The characteristic curve of the relative proportion of the operating equipment requiring replacement, as well as the planned number of installations supplied for equipment replacement, with time is given. The dynamics of safety margin changes, which ensures the guaranteed replacement of failed equipment on time with respect to time, is presented.

Design Space Exploration and Evaluation Using Margin-Based Trade-Offs

Abstract Design space exploration and margin analysis can inform critical decisions early in engineering design, helping to handle the uncertainties of early design while ensuring design performance. In practice, the complexity of many products makes such decision-making challenging. This paper addresses the challenge with a new design framework that relies on the margin value method to evaluate sets of concepts that are combinatorially generated from an enhanced function-means tree. The basis for concept comparison is the margin value in each design alternative. The margin value method is expanded to address a broad class of design problems by using surrogate models and novel metrics for evaluating different conceptual alternatives. Visualization tools are introduced to support the evaluations. The efficacy of the framework is demonstrated using the design of a structural aero-engine component involving simulation models and uncertain load specifications. Overall, this paper shows how design concepts can be compared objectively and distilled to a set of alternatives that would retain their values throughout product development.