Marawi City Research Articles

Epistemological Borders and Crossings in the War against ISIS in the Philippines

Abstract Following the approach of Judith Butler in Frames of war: When is life grievable? and similar theoretical perspectives, the paper examines how the war against ISIS in Southern Philippines discursively represents the “other” – the victims of war – as dispensable “collateral damage”. There is no disputing that the siege of Marawi City by an ISIS- inspired group has taken a terrible toll on human life and has exposed the increasing vulnerability of the country to terrorism. Yet, the relation between the state and the displaced victims that emerged, brought forth in and through media reporting and political commentaries, constitutes an epistemological border that casts the military (as the state’s instrument) as the uncontested heroic entity, yet at the same time keeps the dislocated inhabitants – mostly Muslim minorities – out of sight, inaccessible, and in due course ungrievable. Media texts and commentaries, privileging state perspectives and sources, implicitly establish what counts as “grievable” lives. A privileged hegemonic perspective has kept the war victims de-subjectified, rendering their suffering and the grave humanitarian conditions on the ground unproblematic. The paper then looks into how a “desensitized” political discourse is structured by this new cognitive orientation. While some Marawi voices still surface, the focus is on gaining direct public empathy and identification toward a particular side and engendering moral indifference toward the victims. Lastly, the paper looks at epistemological crossings in the form of alternative (and potentially disruptive) discourses that have emerged, despite the narrowed liminal space. It argues that war victims, in a context of new meanings, retain some form of agency that might engender change, and could reemerge as recognizable voices who can participate as full partners in the collective restoration of Marawi and the Muslim community.

Obléhání Marawi, impulz změnit schopnosti filipínských ozbrojených sil

In May 2017, Islamists of the South-Philippine Separate Groups of Abu Sajyaf and Maute occupied Marawi City in Mindanao. Five-month fighting was attended by more than 3,000 armed forces against about 1,000 jihadists. Dozens of foreign fighters took part in the fighting on the Islamists side and confirming the pan-Islamic ethos of the Islamic state's ideology in this part of the world. Philippine troops were not prepared for the character of fighting in urbanized environment against motivated and experienced militants. The shortcomings were manifested in the conducting of operations in a heavily built-up area, but also in low-level coordination and limits of capabilities of the technical intelligence. It was decided to create Special Operations Command to which all Philippine special purpose forces are subordinated. The conflict experience has initiated a change of doctrinal approach that focuses on air support to reduce losses due to inaccurate bombing and acquisitions of high-tech reconnaissance and weapon systems.

Study Habits and Learning Styles of Grade Six Pupils in Marawi City

This study aimed to make a comparison on the profile, multimedia exposure, study habits, and learning styles of Grade VI pupils in Marawi City during the school year 2014-2015. This study made used of the descriptive-inferential method of research. The five-hundred forty respondents, two-hundred thirty-four from private schools and three hundred six from public schools, were randomly selected using the sampling procedure and answered a checklist form questionnaire. The data gathered were statistically treated. It can be concluded that most of the respondents are exposed to multimedia particularly television. The study habits of the respondents are not significantly different. Moreover, there is a significant difference between the learning style preferences in terms of psychological aspect. However, no significant difference was found out between the respondents in terms of environmental, emotional, sociological and physiological aspects. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijhss.11.4.4

Fire + water + bombs: Disaster management among academic libraries in Marawi City, Lanao del Sur, Philippines

The academic libraries in Marawi City, Lanao del Sur, Philippines are vulnerable to disasters. In the last ten years, the majority of the 13 respondent libraries have sustained at least one disaster that may have been caused by civil unrest, war or terrorism, flood, earthquake, or fire. The majority were unprepared to face such disasters, may it be small-scale or catastrophic, and only one library has a disaster management plan. The lack of significant holdings of rare books, shortage of financial resources, no perceived risk, and the unavailability of staff to write a disaster management plan, are the reasons why most libraries do not have a plan. Moreover, the majority lacked staff that has undergone training in disaster preparedness and management. On the other hand, all of the libraries have disaster management practices that although not enough, will still enable them to lessen the effects of the disaster and save their library and parts of their collection when necessary. The respondents identified management support as an essential factor in their success in disaster management. The results of the study provide valuable information on the current state of the libraries in the Philippines with regards to disaster preparedness and management. Therefore, it is an essential addition to the literature on disaster management in the Philippines, which is very scarce as of the moment.

Micronucleus Test in Exfoliated Buccal Cells of Barbecue Grillers in Marawi City, Philippines

Exposure to fumes when grilling meat predisposes human to a significant level of cancer-causing compounds called PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. The DNA damaging capacity of PAHs can be rapidly and inexpensively evaluated by measuring and counting the micronuclei in various cells. In this study, the frequency of micronucleation (MN) in exfoliated buccal epithelial cells of thirty (N=30) barbecue grillers (exposed group) in Marawi City was compared with thirty (N=30) office workers and students of Mindanao State University (control). A total of 1000 buccal epithelial cells per individual were scored for MN frequency. Results revealed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the MN frequency of barbecue grillers (18.97±3.77) compared with the control (12.6±3.58). In addition, possible effect of the established confounders which include smoking, drinking habits, age, gender and number of years of exposure to PAHs on the frequency of micronucleation was further analysed. Confounding factors that could have caused higher MN frequency in the exposed group are age (ρ=0.000) and length of exposure to grilling fumes (P=0.002). The current study confirms that chronic exposure to grilling fumes increases micronucleation, hence the necessity of biological monitoring and appropriate health interventions.

Maranao Ethnobiology of G’nda/Chives (Allium schoenoprasum)

Allium schoenoprasum, commonly called chives or G’nda by the Maranaos, is a small bulbous perennial known for its culinary and ornamental utility. The herb can be easily grown in average, medium, well-drained soils in full sun to part shade and is a native to both the Old and the New World. The current study is an investigation on the Traditional Ethnobiological Knowledge (TEK) of Maranaos on the commonly used chives. Aimed at finding out the uses of Chives among Maranaos, ethnography design, participant observation and key informant interviews based on semi-structured questionnaires were then employed. A total of thirty five (35) respondents coming from MSU – Marawi City, and from the municipalities of Piagapo and Masiu, all in Lanao del Sur participated. Among the respondents, five (5) were traditional healers aged 60-90 years old and thirty (30) TEK knowledgeable woman aged 20-50 years old. There were 16.67% female participants from MSU- Marawi, 50% from municipalities of Piagapo and 33.33% from Masiu. Findings of the study showed that Maranao traditional ethnobiological knowledge is very unique and that Maranaos believed that chives are more powerful than medical practitioners during childbirth. Healers would administer chives during labor of a parturating woman and even to thwart of spirits and to cure headaches. Respondents divulged that most Maranao woman when about to give birth prefers giving birth at home in the presence of chives and its associated rituals. Other findings showed that Maranaos have rich traditional knowledge using not only plants but also animals but this knowledge is yet to be documented. In view of the aforementioned findings, it is recommended that there shall be proper exploration, documentation and conservation of the traditional ethnobiological knowledge of the Maranaos.

Waqf Development in Marawi City via Issuance of Perpetual Waqf Sukuk

Since 2017, the city of Marawi was left in ruins after five months of aerial bombardments and close-quarter fighting between Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS) and government forces. Many buildings were destroyed; mosques and schools are no exceptions. While rebuilding efforts have begun in the city, the government has limited resources to fund city reconstruction and Waqf properties (e.g. mosques and schools) are not constitutionally considered as part of the government assets. Fortunately, the government seeks to channel funding for city reconstruction, including Islamic finance schemes. Therefore, this paper aims to assess the opportunities and challenges to rebuild Waqf properties through the issuance of Sukuk, Islamic bond. This paper adopts a qualitative research approach where secondary sources such as books, journals, articles and websites related to Waqf are reviewed. The paper also examines the successful examples of Sukuk-Waqf as part of the analysis.

Determinants of intention to give zakat on employment income

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the factors influencing intention of Muslim Filipinos to give zakat on employment income.Design/methodology/approachThe study used the extended theory of planned behaviour – an extension of the theory of reasoned action – to investigate the factors influencing intention to give zakat. The theory introduces six variables (i.e. attitude, perceived behavioural control, injunctive norm, descriptive norm, moral norm and past behaviour) in predicting the intention to give zakat. Totally, 450 questionnaires were distributed to the respondents in a Muslim-majority area (i.e. Marawi City), and 384 cases were deemed usable. The data have been analysed using multiple regression analysis.FindingsThis paper finds that attitude, descriptive norm and moral norm have a positive relationship with the intention to give zakat. Meanwhile, perceived behavioural control, injunctive norm and past behaviour are found to have insignificant influence over intention. However overall, the study supports the extension of the theory of planned behaviour which accounts for 53 per cent of the variance in intention.Originality/valueThis paper provides new insights on factors influencing the intention to give zakat on a non-Muslim majority country setting where no zakat institution operates. This paper also used the extended theory of planned behaviour on zakat compliance literature.

Transforming Marawi’s Transactions to Islamic Finance

This study aimed to find out the views of the different respondents regarding transactions in the aspects of banking, insurance and loans. The respondents of this study were bankers, employees, Ulama and professionals. To address this concern, the study was done through survey method by distributing questionnaire to 200 respondents. To determine the number of participants, purposive sampling technique was used in collecting the samples, and random sampling in selecting the number of respondents involved in the study. The major findings of the study showed that most of the respondents believed that by transforming transactions to Islamic finance, it will help in the prohibition of Riba (Usury) and bank-based interest free. Also, most of the respondents believed that Islamic finance will help them in their financial needs compared to conventional banks. Findings further denote on the need to strengthen Islamic finance in Marawi City. Thus, it is hereby recommended that Islamic finance should be implemented as it represents the true meaning of transactions in Islam, and it is a praiseworthy alternative for Muslims. Also, it is recommended on the existing Land bank and Philippine National Bank in Marawi City to open for a separate Islamic window wherein the terms for deposit and savings are in Islamic conducts. As for the Insurance and loans, it would be best for Muslims to have its own Islamic pawnshop and an Insurance company equivalent to Takaful which follows the concept and Shari’ah principles on Islamic finance. Additional recommendation is for Muslims to support the development of Islamic finance in Marawi City for economic growth and opportunities, and for global competitiveness. Moreover, an emphasis on the need for Ulama and those who are expert in this area are to raise awareness among others. The current situation of Marawi’s residents because of the Siege is an indicator of the need to transform the place’s transactions to Islamic ways. Finally, a room for improvement on the aspect of the knowledge on Islamic finance as it is required for Muslims to exercise what is right and due to his fellow Muslims. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijhss.11.5.2

Psychological Effects of Marawi Siege on the Academic Performance in Science of MSU-UTC Students

The study was undertaken to find out the psychological effects and performance in science of MSU –University Training Centre grade 10 students after the siege happened in Marawi City. Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions; (1) what is the psychological status of the students after the Marawi siege regarding anxiety and stress manifestation? (2) Is there a significant relationship between the psychological status and the academic performance in science of the MSU-UTC students brought about by the Marawi siege? The research study used quasi experimental with qualitative research design. A population of eighty-two (82) grade 10 students were used in the conduct of the study. The following results showed that (1) students have more worries now than before the Marawi siege ; (2) Students feel pressured because of the many requirements in school; (3) Performance of students in science and Psychological stress are not associated without psychosocial intervention or values integration; (4) While with psychosocial intervention student performance and stress are significantly related; (5) and lastly, students anxiety and performance in science both with and without psychosocial intervention are not significantly related. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijhss.11.3.3

Adaptability of Strawberry (FragariaananassaDuch) in Lanao Del Sur, Philippines

The study was conducted at the College of Agriculture, Mindanao State University, Marawi City, Lanao del Sur, Philippines with the following objectives: 1) to test the adaptability of three varieties of strawberry (Florida, Haranoka and BSU-Pierre); 2) to determine which variety adapts the best; and 3) to identify insect pests and diseases affecting its production in the province. Results showed that the three varieties did not differ significantly in terms of mean number of days from transplanting to flowering, flowering to fruit maturity, number of flowers, runners, developed fruits and fruit weight. All varieties adapted well to Lanaodel Sur conditions. Insect pests of strawberries identified were aphids, cutworm , and tussock moth , leaf feeding beetles , and ants while Angular Leaf Spot was the major disease affecting strawberry production . https://doi.org/10.26803/ijhss.11.3.4

Awareness and Perceptions of Muslim Society towards Islamic Banking in the Philippines

The aim of this study was to determine and analyse the level of awareness and perceptions of Muslim society towards Islamic banking in the Philippines.Self-structured questionnaires were administered and distributed to 70 employees of some selected offices of the Mindanao State University (MSU), Marawi City and the data were processed and analyzeddescriptively.The results revealed that most of the respondents are aware of the existence of the Al-Amanah Islamic Investment Bank of the Philippines and that interest and uncertainties are prohibited in all forms of business transactions including in Islamic banking. Conversely, they are not aware of Islamic banking products and services and its modes of financing such as musharakah , mudharabah , murabaha and Ijaraah . Furthermore, the study found that most of the respondents perceived that Al-Amanah Islamic Investment Bank of the Philippines has not done enough to promote and market its products and service to the public. The problem of peace and order , and the lack of emphasis placed on the importance of Islamic banking in the country have affected its development. The study also indicated that majority of respondents believed that Islamic banking has a potential positive future in the Philippines. Hence, promotion through policies and marketing strategies is necessary in strengthening Islamic banking in the country.

“From Frustration to Escalation in Marawi”: An Interview on Conflict Transformation in Southeast Asia With the Indonesian Peace and Conflict Advisor Shadia Marhaban

Shadia Marhaban has been actively involved in international peace mediation, capacity building, and human rights activism for more than 20 years. She is from Aceh, Indonesia, where she joined the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) in the early 2000 s. She was an advisory member of GAM’s peace negotiating team during the 2005 Helsinki talks that brought an end to nearly 30 years of armed conflict. After her return to Aceh, she became a founding member of the Aceh Women’s League (LINA). The NGO was involved in reintegration programs for female ex-combatants and provided democracy education trainings. In recent years, her work has focused on facilitating dialog between conflicting parties in many regions of Southeast Asia a ff ected by armed conflict. In her work, she is mainly engaged with resistance and liberation movements and their political transition. She believes that considering the dimensions of identity, religion, and culture is key to successful war-to-peace transitions and the achievement of sustainable modes of conflict resolution. With a background in political science and international relations, she is a fellow at the Weatherhead Center for International A ff airs, of Harvard University and has been teaching classes on mediation and conflict transformation at universities in Austria, Indonesia, and the US. In this interview, conducted by Gunnar Stange in Vienna in June 2018 , Shadia Marhaban speaks about her peace-building work all over Southeast Asia and her experiences in violence prevention in the city of Marawi, Mindanao, Philippines.

Living in displacement context: Coping strategies, changing attitudes and family dynamics among Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Mindanao, Philippines

ABSTRACTThe main objective of the paper is to critically examine and document the living conditions of the Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) from Marawi City. Forcibly displaced more than a year ago due to armed conflict, these IDPs managed to find their way to an unoccupied building in the outskirt of Iligan City, Lanao del Norte Province, Philippines. Results show their range of main concerns such as the supply of electricity and water, health services and medicines and more importantly, food. Disruptions on children’s schooling and most especially the discontinuation of their parents’ livelihood were also documented. The community is waiting for their “turn” to access better temporary shelters provided by the government. The study utilized key informant interview (KII) among 10 household heads (from among the 75 families living in the building). Their narratives reveal several coping strategies amidst insufficient government assistance and community feeling of isolation, the most glaring of those, is the dependency to social network, capitalizing on the social ties with relatives and friends for assistance. The IDPs admitted however that the same assistance is not enough. Additionally, the reduction of food consumption and selling of food relief packs remain unsustainable in coping with their destitute condition. Moreover, the article also touches on the consequence of their displacement context on socio-familial dynamics.

Status and proliferation of private schools in Marawi city: Implications on the quality of education

This descriptive research design was conducted to determine the status of the increased number of private schools and its proliferation in Marawi City based on the 1998 Revised Manual for Private Education particularly in the compliance of government requirements and its implications to the quality of education. A total of twenty-six private schools served as the respondents of this study. Many developing nations lack adequate resources to fund public schools and universities. Faced with growing lower-and middle-class populations that are too often underserved, these nations increasingly rely upon private education to complement public education. The increase in the number of private schools could be alarming especially when it comes to quality education. Ideally, private schools should always be adjunct to quality education, yet it is sad to note that the prevailing perceptions on the proliferation of private schools are not accompanied by quality. Findings revealed that the relationship between the profile of the school and the extent of compliance with government requirements revealed no correlation at all, while the t-test revealed a not significant relationship between the teachers’ profile and the level of passing standardized and board examinations. For the relationship between the profile of the owners’/administrators and the extent of participation in extension and community outreach programs, except for the monthly income was found to have not significant relationship with extension and community outreach programs. Lastly, the test of difference between the owners’/administrators’ and teachers’ perceptions on the factors for the proliferation of private schools revealed a not significant difference.

Zakat and Poverty Alleviation in a Secular State: The Case of Muslim Minorities in the Philippines

Twelve million Filipinos live in extreme poverty. Despite a well-crafted government model for poverty alleviation, the state’s role in managing charities to alleviate economic deprivation has been minimal. By reason of the state’s strict adherence to secularism, the operation of Islamic institutions at the social level is deemed unconstitutional. It is unfortunate that the dynamics of Islamic social financial institutions, i.e. zakat, waqf and ṣadaqah, are not reflected in the economic road map for the reconstruction of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, particularly the rehabilitation of the city of Marawi after the war. This study examines the initiatives taken by government agencies and Muslim organizations towards the gradual revival of zakat as an Islamic social financial institution. In addition, the study highlights issues on the management of zakat and its role in poverty alleviation within the context of a secular state. This study finds that due to mismanagement, zakat fails to eliminate or reduce the poverty of the Muslim minorities in the Philippines.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v25i1.5969

The Emergence of Muslim Communities in Ilocandia

This study was conceptualized to trace the history of Muslim migration in Ilocandia. It employed mixed quantitative- qualitative method of research using triangulation. It provided an analysis of Muslim migration from Mindanao to Ilocandia, particularly at the Darussalam Compound, Zone 3, Bantay, Ilocos Sur. Twenty- seven (27) Muslim migrants served as respondents of the study, selected through purposive sampling. Key informants were also interviewed. Pertinent data needed were culled out from the Registration of Barangay Inhabitants of 2014. The reasons of leaving their homeland, their migratory pattern, as well as their experiences in coping with their new environment were looked into. The push and pull factors of migration were identified. The findings of the study revealed that all of the Muslim migrants of Darussalam Muslim Compound, Zone 3, Bantay, Ilocos Sur are from Marawi City, they are Maranaos, married, 21- 59 years of age, with ideal family size, businessmen /vendors. Majority received low income; migrated directly to Ilocandia except for a few who passed by Cotabato City, Cebu City, Davao City, Cagayan de Oro, Metro Manila and Nueva Ecija and finally settled in the Muslim community of Bantay, Ilocos Sur. Their coming to Ilocandia was caused by political, economic, social, and cultural factors that hamper and hinder their social, economic, political and cultural growth and well- being such as poverty, violence and fear, less educational opportunities, unemployment, low income, high crime and mission to spread Islam. Muslim migration to Ilocandia has been steered by a promising place for business, better environment for their children to grow, better quality of life and religious tolerance. They migrated to Ilocandia because they wanted a better place to live in. These Muslim migrants are peace- loving people and entrepreneurial who dream of living in a peaceful community where they can be economically productive.

An Eventful End to an Eventful Year

The year 2017 started with a bang in Asia and ended not with a whimper but with an even bigger bang. The election of U.S. President Donald Trump shook up old premises about U.S. engagement in Asia that had long been taken for granted. The new U.S. government took a strong interest in developments in the Korean Peninsula after DPRK leader Kim Jong Un launched his country's most dangerous nuclear tests yet. However, other aspects of what had long been a traditional U.S. posture in the region suffered from some uncertainty. These included doubts about the U.S. president's sensitivity to the strategic concerns of its allies Japan and South Korea, as well as support for multilateral trade and economic cooperation arrangements that the former Obama government had supported, especially the Trans Pacific Partnership. The “America First” policy also raised questions about the extent to which trade tensions with China and other countries would dominate U.S. foreign policy, and as a consequence imperil long-term U.S. economic influence in the region. Trump's visits to several Asian countries in the latter part of the year went some ways in giving his counterparts in the region some assurances, but apparently not quite enough. In Southeast Asia, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations’ (ASEAN) commemoration of the 50th anniversary of its 1967 establishment provided much occasion to look back and be thankful for the economic success, relative peace, and cordial relations among the neighboring states in this formerly war-torn region. But serious challenges loom in the immediate future, including those arising from domestic political contestations in several states; Cambodia, Thailand, and Malaysia saw signs of growing dissension in 2017. There was also slow progress in economic integration under the ASEAN Economic Community, as well as ASEAN's inability to unify the perspectives of member-states on certain key regional security concerns, including disputes with China in the South China Sea, and the massive humanitarian crisis brought about by repression and abuses by the Myanmar military against the Rohingya minority in Rakhine State. Another sad endnote to the [email protected] celebrations was the untimely passing of Surin Pitsuwan, former ASEAN Secretary-General (2007–2012), consummate diplomat, humanitarian, and peace-maker, who until his very last days was on the road promoting Southeast Asian cooperation. In the Philippines, a siege by an ISIS-inspired rebel group—founded by the Maute brothers—lasted for five months in the once-prosperous and beautiful Islamic city of Marawi in the southern island of Mindanao. The urban landscape was reduced to rubble—a dire warning to the region that—as extremist violence in Iraq and Syria was dwindling, Southeast Asia could easily be the next major front. Toward year-end, the 19th Congress of the Communist Party of China gave President Xi Jinping a fresh five-year mandate which promises to bring even bolder and possibly more controversial measures than those we witnessed during the five years just ended. The “China dream” elucidated by Xi not only portends continuing efforts by China on the path to greater power (in particular, military power), but an invigoration of the Party's control over both the Army and the State. In external relations, the Belt and Road Initiative emerged as a major platform for China to integrate its own economy even further across the globe through infrastructure, trade, and financial connectivity projects. Whereas “America First,” Brexit, and the growth of Islamophobia and right-wing populism in the West may portend loosening links between Asia and the West, China continues to reach out not only to the West and its East Asian neighbors but to the Middle East, Africa, Latin America, and beyond, with promises of infrastructure investments and welcoming markets. Economic problems bedeviled the Chinese economy as well, not least a massive debt. Yet, should there indeed be a Western retreat from global engagement whether in economic or security affairs, the space for growth of China's own influence and leadership will inevitably expand. The sentiment in Beijing is that China is on the cusp of fully rising to reclaim its lost glory; after a “hundred years of humiliation,” it is closer than ever to the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation that its people have long aspired for. Selective as these highlighted events from 2017 are, we are tempted to predict that 2018 in Asia will be no less interesting.

Intercultural Communication: It's Influence to Cultural Solidarity as Perceived by the Tri-Students of Mindanao State University

Mindanao State University is one of the competent universities in Mindanao and is also known for it caters students coming from the three major tribes: Meranaos (Muslims), Christians and Lumads, which provoked the researcher to look into the influence of intercultural communication on their Academic performance, Intrapersonal (Self-Realization), and Interpersonal (Social Experiences) aspects. This study used the descriptive-correlation method of research in identifying the perceived influence of intercultural communication on their academic performance, intrapersonal (self-realization) and interpersonal (social experiences) aspects as well as the significant relationship of the respondents’ perceptions with their profile.The researcher made use of a self-constructed questionnaire distributed to 340 respondents who were living from the dormitories. It revealed that they were actually scared of having enrolled in MSU especially the Christians because of the negative impressions about Marawi City, which was then changed. In fact, for them it is a worthy venue not only for educational purposes and developing themselves academically but also socially and emotionally. They learned to deal with other people of different personalities and cultures.Thus, teachers and administrators should not only focus on the academic performance of their students but even in how they relate to the social milieu around them.

Difficulties of Reading the Holy Qur'an As Perceived By Selected Muslim Male Faculty Members in MSU- Main: Bases of Intervention Program

This study adopts the descriptive research design to gather information about the difficulties of reading the holy Qur’an as perceived by selected Muslim male faculty members in Msu-Main. A survey was made through a questionnaire to assess their perception. This study aimed to encourage the Muslim employees in the Philippines particularly in the Region of Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), the province of Lanao del Sur and the City of Marawi to read the Qur’an daily as it is a book of guidance. The teaching of the Qur’an will be there ways of dealing with the common rules and regulation between the employer and the employee. Majority of the respondents suggest that they best remedies to the difficulty of reading the Qur’an is that they must engage in Arabic course with a proper program that can be suited to their office hour through the help of the King Faisal Center for Islamic, Arabic, and Asian Studies or the administration will have a mandatory Arabic class specifically aimed to let the Muslim faculty of the university be fluent in reading the Holy Qur’an.